An Encapsulation-Free and Hierarchical Porous Triboelectric Scaffold with Dynamic Hydrophilicity for Efficient Cartilage Regeneration.

Tissue engineering and electrotherapy are two promising methods to promote tissue repair. However, their integration remains an underexplored area, because their requirements on devices are usually distinct. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown great potential to develop self-powered devices. However, due to their susceptibility to moisture, TENGs have to be encapsulated in vivo. Therefore, existing TENGs cannot be employed as tissue engineering scaffolds, which require direct interaction with surrounding cells. Here, the concept of triboelectric scaffolds (TESs) is proposed. Poly(glycerol sebacate), a biodegradable and relatively hydrophobic elastomer, is selected as the matrix of TESs. Each hydrophobic micropore in multi-hierarchical porous TESs efficiently serves as a moisture-resistant working unit of TENGs. Integration of tons of micropores ensures the electrotherapy ability of TESs in vivo without encapsulation. Originally hydrophobic TESs are degraded by surface erosion and transformed into hydrophilic surfaces, facilitating their role as tissue engineering scaffolds. Notably, TESs seeded with chondrocytes obtain dense and large matured cartilages after subcutaneous implantation in nude mice. Importantly, rabbits with osteochondral defects receiving TES implantation show favorable hyaline cartilage regeneration and complete cartilage healing. This work provides a promising electronic biomedical device and will inspire a series of new in vivo applications.

[Analysis of chemical constituents in classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction based on RP-Q-TOF-MS and HILIC-Q-TOF-MS].

The chemical constituents of classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction were analyzed by reversed-phase(RP) chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RP separation of Danggui Buxue Decoction was performed on ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 µm), while HILIC separation was on Waters BEH Amide(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm). Mass spectrometry(MS) data were acquired in both negative and positive ion modes. Chemical constituents of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were searched from Reaxys and thus the in-house library was established. MS data were further analyzed by MassLynx 4.1 combined with in-house library, HMDB, Reaxys, and comparison with reference substances. In conclusion, a total of 154 compounds were identified and characterized: 16 saponins, 44 flavonoids, 10 phthalides, 7 phenylpropanoids, 15 bases and the corresponding nucleosides, 30 oligosaccharides, and 32 other compounds. Among them, 65 compounds were detected by HILIC-MS/MS. This study provides experimental evidences for the material basis research, quality control, and preparation development of Danggui Buxue Decoction and a reference method for comprehensive characterization of Chinese medicine decoctions typified by classical prescriptions.

[Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on lung function and risks of exacerbation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on lung function, clinical symptoms, exercise tolerance and risk of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: A total of 49 outpatients with COPD were randomly divided into TEAS group and control group by using a digital table. The clinical trials were conducted by using randomized, single-blinded and placebo-controlled method. Patients in the TEAS group were treated by TEAS of Feishu (BL13), Dingchuan (EX-B1), Zusanli (ST36) and Pishu (BL20) for 40 min, once every other day for 4 weeks, while patients in the control group were treated with placebo TEAS which the electrode plates were adhered to the same acupoints but without electrical current outputs. The treatment was conducted every 3 months in one year. In addition, patients of the two groups had no restriction on their original treatment with conventional western medicines and Chinese Materia medica. The lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted，FEV1%, forced vital capacity predicted，FVC%) was detected using a spirometer), clinical symptom scores （CAT） for coughing, phlegm, chest tightness, climbing, family activities, out-door activities, sleeping and energy status were given. The patient's exercise tolerance was assessed using walking distance in 6 min, and the risks of acute exacerbation (times of exacerbation and hospitalization in 1 year) were recorded. RESULTS: Correlative analysis showed a negative correlation between the risks of acute exacerbation and the levels of FEV1% and FVC% (P<0.01) and a positive correlation between the risks of acute exacerbation and CAT score (P<0.01). Self-comparison showed that 1 month after the treatment, the FEV1% and FVC% levels, 6MWD in the control group were significantly decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01), while the CAT score in the control group, and FEV1% and 6MWD in the TEAS group were obviously increased in comparison with their own pretreatment (P<0.05, P<0.001), but FVC% in the TEAS group and the times of exacerbation and hospitalization in the control group had no obvious changes in comparison with their own pre-treatment (P>0.05). One year (1 year) after the treatment, FEV1% and FVC% levels, 6MWD in the control group, and CAT score and times of exacerbations and hospitalization in the TEAS group were significantly decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05), while CAT score in the control group and 6MWD in the TEAS group were markedly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), but FEV1% in the TEAS group and the times of exacerbation and hospitalization in the control group had no significant change compared with their own pretreatment (P>0.05). Comparison between two groups showed that after the treatment, the FEV1% (1 month) and FVC% (1 month and 1 year), 6MWD (1 month and 1 year) were significantly higher in the TEAS group than in the control group (P<0.05), while the CAT (1 month and 1 year) and times of exacerbation and hospitalization (1 year) were significantly lower in the TEAS group than in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001), without significant difference in the FEV1% (1 year) level (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: TEAS can improve the lung function, clinical symptoms, exercise tolerance, and reduce the risks of acute exacerbation in patients with COPD.

Effect of combination of acupuncture and psychological intervention on attention, response inhibition and cerebral blood flow in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical curative effect on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore the relevant mechanism of acupuncture in treatment.@*METHODS@#A total of 100 ADHD children were randomized into an observation group (50 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (50 cases, 1 case dropped off). In the control group, the routine psychological intervention was used. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, acupuncture was applied to Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), etc., once daily, for 3 months. The Cambridge neuropsychological tests automated battery (CANTAB) was adopted to evaluate attention and response inhibition in two groups before and after treatment. Digi-Lite color transcranial Doppler was used to measure cerebral arterial blood velocity. The therapeutic effect was compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Regarding evaluation of attention, the mean delay time in the observation group after treatment was shorter than that before treatment and that in the control group separately (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with psychological intervention may improve attention and response inhibition in ADHD children, which is possibly related to the regulation of cerebral blood flow.

Effect of maternal immune level at different pregnancy stages on cow's milk protein allergy in infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association between maternal Th1/Th2 immune level at different pregnancy stages and cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants.@*METHODS@#The healthy women with a singleton pregnancy, as well as their offspring, who attended Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang and Qingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from July 2016 to December 2018 were enrolled. The maternal levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) at the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were measured. A CMPA questionnaire survey was conducted within one year after birth. Food avoidance and cow's milk oral challenge tests were performed in infants suspected of CMPA. The 48 infants who met the diagnostic criteria for CMPA were included in the observation group, and the remaining 977 normal infants were included in the control group. A univariate analysis was performed on the infants with CMPA. A Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between maternal Th1/Th2 immune factors at different pregnancy stages and CMPA.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of CMPA was 4.68%. The clinical manifestations included the symptoms of the digestive system, skin, and respiratory system and other symptoms. The univariate analysis showed that compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher incidence rates of maternal food allergy and maternal history of allergic diseases (P<0.05) and a significantly lower breastfeeding rate (P<0.05). The observation group had significantly lower maternal levels of IL-2 (second and third trimesters) and IFN-γ (third trimester) than the control group (P<0.05). Maternal low IFN-γ at the third trimester and maternal low IL-2 at the second and third trimesters were significantly associated with CMPA in infants (P<0.05). After correction of the factors of breastfeeding, maternal food allergy, and maternal history of allergic diseases, it was found that maternal low IL-2 and IFN-γ at the third trimester were still significantly associated with CMPA in infants (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The maternal decrease in Th1 level at the third trimester of pregnancy may lead to the change in fetal immunity and thus increase the risk of CMPA in offspring.

Acupuncture combined with medication improves endocrine hormone levels and ovarian reserve function in poor ovarian response patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture plus medication in the treatment of poor ovarian response (POR) patients and to explore its mechanisms in assisting pregnancy. METHODS: A total of 100 volunteer POR women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation (IVF-ET) were recruited in the present study. On the 1st cycle of IVF-ET, these POR women received microstimulation of ovulation program (oral administration of Clomiphene, muscular injection of Menotrophin, Chorionic Gonadotrophin triggering, etc.). Before receiving the 2nd period of IVF-ET, these patients were equally and randomly divided into control, medication (Climen, composed of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate), acupuncture and acupuncture+medication (combined treatment) groups according to the random number table. Patients of the medication group were asked to orally take Climen (1 tablet/d for 21 days) beginning from the 3rd day of the menstruation, which was repeated for 3 menstrual cycles. Patients of the acupuncture group received manual acupuncture stimulation of Guanyuan (CV4), and bilateral Taixi (KI3), Sanyinjiao (SP6) of and Tai-chong (LR3) from day 8 to 15 of menstruation (follicular phase), once daily for 3 menstrual cycles. On the 2nd day of menstruation of the 1st and 2nd IVF-ET cycle, the ovarian reserve function was detected, including measurement of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E2) contents by using radioimmunoassay, and serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) level by using ELISA, and the antral follicles count (AFC) of the ovaries by using a color Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus. At the end of ovulation induction, the assisted pregnancy indexes and outcomes were detected, including administration of dosage and days of gonadotropin (Gn), the diameter of dominant oocyte, level of E2 on the trigger day, the numbers of ultrasound-guided-retrieved oocyte and the cultivated high-quality embryo (grade 1 and 2). RESULTS: After the treatment, the contents of serum FSH, LH and E2 in the medication, acupuncture and combined treatment groups were significantly reduced (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with medication improves the level of endocrinal hormones and ovarian reservation function in POR women undergoing IVF-ET, benefiting the ovary environment of pregnancy.

Experimental study on effect of model on hepatic fibrosis with Aralia chinesis / 中国中药杂志

Hepatic fibrosis models were induced by CCl4 in rats. To explore vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFβ1) mRNA expression and bcl-2, Bax protein expression levels of intervention and explore the mechanism of the Aralia chinesis anti-hepatic fibrosis. Sixty male Sprague-Dawlley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: nomal group, model group, high-dose (10 mL x kg(-1)), medium-dose (7.5 mL x kg(-1)), low-dose (5.0 mL x kg(-1)) of A. chinesis treated group and colchicine treated group. The change of liver histopathology was observed by HE and Masson staining. The mRNA of VEGF, TGF-β1 were detected by RT-PCR. The protein of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot. In the model group liver cell obvious degeneration, necrosis, a large number of collagen fibers of the cable hyperplasia, part visible pseudolobule formation. A. chinesis large, medium, low-dose group and colchicine group liver cell degeneration and necrosis reduced A. chinesis small, medium, and high-dose group was gradually reduced trend and A. chinesis large, middle dose group degree of reduction is particularly significant. Compared with model group, A. chinesis of large, medium and small dose group and colchicine group VEGF mRNA expression, A. chinesis of large, medium-dose group TGF-β1 mRNA expression reduce (P < 0.05); compared with colchicine group, A. chinesis of large, middle dose group of VEGF mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05); A. chinesis of large, middle dose group of TGF-β1 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.01), and compared with colchicine group, large dose group of of TGF-β1 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, A. chinesis of large, medium and small dose group and colchicine group Bcl-2 protein expression reduce (all is P < 0.05). But A. chinesis of large, medium and small dose group and colchicine group of Bax protein expression were increased (P < 0.05). A. chinesis regulation of VEGF, TGF-β1 may prevent the activation of hepatic stellate cells, liver tissue by up regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bax and down pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression, thereby to improve the degree of liver fibrosis.

Effect of alcohol extract of Plumula Nelumbini on carbon tetrachloride induced rat liver fibrosis: an experimental study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of alcohol extract of Plumula Nelumbini (AEPN) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic fibrosis rats and to explore its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the high dose AEPN group, and the low dose AEPN group, 8 in each group. 1,000 mg/kg AEPN was given to rats in the high dose AEPN group by gastrogavage at 10 mL/kg, once daily, while 500 mg/kg AEPN was given to rats in the low dose AEPN group by gastrogavage at 10 mL/kg, once daily. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and albumin (ALB) were examined using automatic biochemical analyzer. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the hepatic tissue were determined using colorimetry. The degree of liver fibrosis was observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with the normal control group, serum levels of ALT and AST obviously increased and the serum ALB level obviously decreased in the model group (all P < 0.05). After treated by AEPN, serum levels of ALT and AST were lowered. and the serum ALB level was higher (all P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the normal control group, collagen deposition was obviously seen in rats' livers of the model group, and pseudolobule had formed; inflammatory activities and fibrosis degrees were serious; contents of Hyp also increased (P < 0.05).After treated by AEPN, collagen deposition was obviously reduced with no obvious pseudolobule; inflammatory activities and fibrosis degrees were alleviated; contents of Hyp were also lowered (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the normal control group, contents of MDA in the liver tissue obviously increased, while activities of SOD obviously decreased (P < 0.05) in the model group. After treated by AEPN, contents of MDA in the liver tissue decreased and the serum SOD level significantly increased (all P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the normal control group, the expression of α-SMA was obviously elevated in the model group (P < 0.05). After treated by AEPN, its expression was obviously lowered (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AEPN could fight against CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rats. Fighting against lipid peroxidation and inhibi- ting activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells might be possibly main mechanism.</p>

Effect of neferine on hepatic stellate cells in collagen-I, TIMP-1 and MMP-2 / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of neferine on Collagen-I, TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions and protein secretion of hepatic stellate cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6 was cultured in vitro, and then randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) group and PDGF + neferine (2, 6, 10 micromol x L(-1)) groups. All of the groups were cultured for 48 h, and their cells were collected to extract mRNA and detect Collagen-I, TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions with RT-PCR. Their cell supernatants were also collected to determine the protein content of three factors with ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control group, PDGF could remarkably increase the Collagen-I, TIMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions and protein secretion of hepatic stellate cells. Compared with the PDGF group, PDGF + neferine (6, 10 micromol x L(-1)) groups showed a notable decrease in the Collagen-I and mRNA expression and protein secretion along with the increase in the concentration, whereas the PDGF + neferine (2 micromol x L(-1)) group showed no significant change in the Collagen-I and mRNA expression and protein secretion. Compared with the PDGF group, three PDGF + neferine groups showed no notable change in MMP-2 expression and protein secretion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Neferine can inhibit the Collagen-I, TIMP-1 and mRNA protein expression and protein secretion of PDGF-induced HSCs along with the increase in the concentration, but with not remarkable effect on the MMP-2 expression and secretion.</p>

Effects of serum containing Chinese medicine Sanpi Pingwei () formula on proliferation and apoptosis of human SGC-7901 cells / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of serum containing Chinese medicine (CM) Sanpi Pingwei (, SPPW) formula on the proliferation and apoptosis of human SGC-7901 cells and the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum containing CM SPPW formula (SPPW serum) was prepared by a serum pharmacology method. Human SGC-7901 cells were incubated with SPPW serum at three different concentrations and with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot assay were employed to confirm the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and p53 in SGC-7901 cells at mRNA and protein levels, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SPPW serum suppressed the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The colony forming rate of negative control was 48.2%, while those in the three SPPW serum groups and the 5-FU group decreased significantly (P<0.01). The number of colony forming units in the SPPW high dosage group was significantly smaller than that in the 5-FU group (P<0.01). MTT assay showed that SPPW serum restrained the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells, and the inhibition rate increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V/PI Assay suggested that SPPW serum induced the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells significantly. RT-PCR and western blot assay indicated that SPPW serum upregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bax and p53 in SGC-7901 cells, but downregulated the protein and mRNA expressions of Bcl-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SPPW formula inhibits the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in vitro and induces the cell apoptosis. It plays an anticancer role by regulating the expressions of Bax, p53 and Bcl-2 in SGC-7901 cells.</p>

Protective effect of purslane in a rat model of ulcerative colitis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the protective effect of purslane on the acute injury caused by intra-colonic administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Seventy-two male SD rats were separated into 6 groups randomly. Rat model of ulcerative colitis was established by intra-colonic administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Purslane (2.5, 5, 10 g x kg(-1)) and sulfasalazine(0.5 g x kg(-1)) was administered by enemata, 3 days after TNBS instillation and daily during 10 days before killing the rats. Colons were removed for histological analysis and measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Rats treated with purslane (5 and 10 g x kg(-1)) were significantly healthier than TNBS-alone rats, as shown by improved food intake and reduced diarrhea, corrected the disorders in morphology associated to lesions, significantly reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>purslane exerts protective effect in experimental colitis, the effect seems to be related to relieving inflammatory reaction and repairing lesions.</p>

Effect of SPPW on the invasive and metastatic capacities of human gastric cancer cells / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the action and possible mechanisms of SPPW, a Chinese herbal preparation consisting of Herba Scutellariae Barbatae, Radix Astragalus, Radix Glycyrrhizae, etc., in suppressing the metastasis of human gastric cancer, by way of observing its effect on the invasive and metastatic capacities of gastric cancer cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vitro serial sub-cultured human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 at the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e. the negative control group, the 4 treatment groups intervened respectively with SPPW at three different doses (high, middle, and low), and 5-FU. The adhesion capacities of gastric cancer cells to matrigel were detected by MTT assay 48 h after intervention. The invasive and migratory capacities of gastric cancer cells were determined by Transwell assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric cancer cells were detected by Western blot and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the negative control group, the adhesive, invasive and migratory capacities of gastric cancer cells were all significantly inhibited in the four treatment groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, the protein and mRNA expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF were down-regulated (P<0.01). Significant dose-dependent relation existed in the three SPPW treatment groups (P<0.01). Compared with the 5-FU treatment group, the high dose SPPW treatment group showed significant difference in inhibiting the adhesive and metastatic capacities of gastric cancer cells, lowering VEGF protein expression, and mRNA expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SPPW could lower the adhesion of gastric cancer cells to matrigel, and lower the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. Meanwhile, it could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF, which may possibly be one of its mechanisms for influencing the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.</p>

NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleus and hearing damage in neonatal rats with hyperbilirubinemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) expression in the development of hearing damage in neonatal rats with hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly injected with bilirubin of 100 microg/g (low-dose treatment group) or 200 microg/g (high-dose treatment group) or normal saline (control group). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was examined. The concentrations of bilirubin in blood and brain were measured. NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleus slices was examined by immunohistochemistry assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ABR reflecting threshold obviously increased, and I, II and III wave latency as well as I-II, II-III and I-III interval were more prolonged in the two bilirubin treatment groups when compared with the control group. The NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleuse in the two bilirubin treatment groups was obviously lower than that in the control group. The NMDAR expression in the cochlear nucleuse was negatively correlated with the brain bilirubin content and the ABR reflecting threshold in the two bilirubin treatment groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>An increased NMDAR activity may play an important role in hearing damage following hyperbilirubinemia.</p>

Effect of Mexican tea herb and pilular adina herb on concrescence of gastric mucosa in experimental gastric ulcer rats / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and mechanism of mexican tea herb and pilular adina herb (abbreviated to MP) on concrescence of gastric mucosa in experimental gastric ulcer rats by observing the changes of epidermal growth factor (EGF), nitrogen monoxidum (NO) and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat ulcer model was established by 100% glacial acetic injection into the subserosa. The ulcer index (UI) was measured by sliding caliper. The levels of NO and EGF in tissue and serum were measured by the nitrate reductase method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The expression of EGFR in the mucosa around the ulcer was detected by the immunohistochemical assay and microimage analysis system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with the model group, UI of MP groups (10, 15 and 20 mg.kg(-1).d(-1)) and ranitidine group was lower (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the levels of NO and EGF in the tissue and serum were higher (P<0.05), the thickness of regenerated mucous membrane increased, and the width loss of lamina muscularis mucosa decreased (all P<0.05). (2) The expression of EGFR is weakly positive in gastric mucosa cells in the normal group, mainly in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane. In the model group, the expression of EGFR was mainly in epithelial cells in cervical part and basilar part of gastric gland around the ulcer margin, and the number of cells with EGFR weakly positive expression was more than that in the normal group. Compared with that in the normal and model groups, the number of cells with EGFR positive in MP groups and ranitidine group increased (all P<0.05), with weakly positive expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MP can protect gastric mucosa, cure gastric ulcer, restrain the secretion of gastric acid, and boost multiplication, differentiation, migration and repair of the endothelial cell by promoting the secretion of NO and EGF, and increasing the expression of EGFR of gastric mucosa epithelial cells.</p>

Preparation of tetrandrine solid lipid nanoparticles / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded tetrandrine (TET) extracted from traditional Chinese medicine with ultrasonication and high pressure homogenization, and to compare the physicochemical characteristics of the particles produced by the two methods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TET was incorporated into SLN by ultrasonication and high pressure homogenization separately. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to study the shape. Particle characterization system and Zeta potential analyzer were used to study the diameter and Zeta potential of SLN in suspension. The entrapment efficiency was determined with the high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of SLN was also studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TET-SLNs prepared by these two methods were sheet-shaped and irregular, but the SLNs prepared by high pressure homogenization were smaller. The mean diameter of SLN prepared by ultrasonication was (92 +/- 6) nm with Zeta potential of (-21.11 +/- 2.12) mV in distilled water, and the mean entrapment efficiency was 95.27%. The mean diameter of TET-SLN prepared by high pressure homogenization was (47 +/- 3) nm with Zeta potential of (-32.99 +/- 2.54) mV, and up to 97.82% of TET was incorporated. The diameter of SLN prepared by high pressure homogenization and ultrasonication were (52 +/- 5) nm and (168 +/- 12) nm after 90 days of storage at room temperature.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with ultrasonication, high pressure homogenization is a better method to prepare TET-SLN, which is smaller, steadier and highly incorporated.</p>

Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with traditional Chinese medicine by high-pressure homogenization / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with traditional Chinese medicines by high-pressure homogenization, and study the physicochemical characteristics of the particles produced by this method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The model traditional Chinese medicines, silibinin (SIL) and tetrandrine (TET), were incorporated into SLN separately by high-pressure homogenization. Transmission electron microscope was employed to study the shape of the particles. Particle characterization system and zeta potential analyzer were used to study the diameter and zeta potential of SLN in the suspension. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were determined with the sephadex gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The stability of SLN was also studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SIL-SLNs prepared by high-pressure homogenization were spherical and regular. The mean diameter and zeta potential of SIL-SLN in distilled water were 157+/-8 nm and -35.36+/-2.68 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency was 95.64%, and the drug loading was 4.63%. The TET-SLN was platelet-shaped, irregular and smaller. The mean diameter and zeta potential of TET-SLN were 47+/-3 nm and -32.99+/-2.54 mV, respectively, with drug loading of 4.76%, and up to 97.82% of TET was incorporated. SIL-SLN and TET-SLN had good stability.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-pressure homogenization is feasible for preparing SLN loaded with traditional Chinese medicines.</p>