Yanghe decoction attenuated pain hypersensitivity induced by michigan cancer foundation-7 injection in rats with bone metastases from breast cancer by inhibiting transient receptor potential ankyrin 1.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and underlying mechanisms of Chinese medicine Yanghe decoction on pain relief in a rat model of bone metastasis of breast cancer induced by michigan cancer foundation-7 (MCF-7). METHODS: Bone pain was induced in the tibia of rats injected with MCF-7 cells. The Chinese herbal remedy was used to decoct Yanghe decoction for the treatment of bone pain rats. The behavior study was carried out to evaluate the paw mechanical withdraw threshold and thermal withdraw latency. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed for analysis. RESULTS: Yanghe decoction could improve the defensive behavior similar to the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) inhibitor. In morphology study, Yanghe decoction could attenuate the cellular growth as well as inflammatory infiltration in the metastasis group. Furthermore, Yanghe decoction downregulated the TRPA1 expression on the dorsal root ganglion from the metastatic rats at both transcriptional and protein level. Yanghe decoction alleviated the inflammation in metastatic tissues by hematoxylin-eosin and IHC analysis, and Yanghe decoction also reduced the inflammatory cytokines production in the serum including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta by ELISA. As the cytochromec oxidase subunit II/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is required for cancer development, Yanghe decoction reduced the expression of PGE2 in the tissue and serum. CONCLUSION: Taken together, Yanghe decoction protected the rats from breast cancer bone metastasis through TRPA1 signaling mediated neuropathic pain and additional immune modulation in tumor microenvironment.

Ameliorative Effects of Malonyl Ginsenoside from Panax ginseng on Glucose-Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Resistance via IRS1/PI3K/Akt and AMPK Signaling Pathways in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Our previous study has revealed that malonyl-ginsenosides from Panax ginseng (PG-MGR) play a crucial role in the treatment of T2DM. However, its potential mechanism was still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic mechanisms of action of PG-MGR in high fat diet-fed (HFD) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and determined the main constituents of PG-MGR responsible for its anti-diabetic effects. Our results showed that 16 malonyl ginsenosides were identified in PG-MGR by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. PG-MGR treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and improved insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Simultaneously, PG-MGR treatment improved liver injury by decreasing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) expression. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, p-AMPK/AMPK, p-ACC/ACC and GLUT4 in liver and skeletal muscle were significantly up-regulated after PG-MGR treatment, and the protein expression levels of p-IRS-1/IRS-1, Fas and SREBP-1c were significantly reduced. These findings revealed that PG-MGR has the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK signal pathways.

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Corynoline in Different Nociceptive and Inflammatory Experimental Models.

Pain is growing to be a massive health issue across the globe. It is reported that one in every five adults tends to suffer from pain worldwide each year, regardless of age and gender. Inflammation caused by tissue damage, chemical stimulus, and foreign substances is commonly associated with pain. Inflammatory pain is mainly caused by the direct effect of inflammatory mediators on particular classes of nociceptive neurons. In the current investigation, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of corynoline, a phytochemical compound isolated from Corydalis bungeana Turcz., has been evaluated in experimental mice. The experimental mice were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. The first control group was fed with water. The second, third, and fourth groups received different doses of corynoline and the fifth group of mice received positive controls. Nociception was induced with the help of acetic acid, formalin, glutamate, capsaicin, hot plate, and tail immersion in mice whereas carrageenan was used to induce inflammation. The peritoneal cavity leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory mediator generation were also analyzed to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect and the natural locomotor activity was determined using an open field test. Corynoline treatment significantly suppressed the paw licking, writhing in the abdominal region, and displayed high nociceptive inhibitory reaction in a dose-related manner. Additionally, corynoline significantly reduced the carrageenan-triggered paw edema and also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of corynoline has been successfully established.

Reproductive biology of an endangered lithophytic shrub and implications for its conservation.

BACKGROUND: Plants in cliff habitats may evolve specific reproductive strategies to cope with harsh environments, and unraveling these reproductive characteristics can improve our understanding of survival strategies and lithophyte evolution. This understanding is especially important for efforts to protect rare and endemic plants. Here, we investigated the reproductive biology of Lonicera oblata, an endangered lithophytic shrub that is scattered in highly fragmented and isolated cliff habitats of the Taihang and Yan mountains in North China. RESULTS: Flowers of L. oblata are herkogamous and protandrous, characteristics that can prevent autogamy at the single-flower level, and insects are necessary for pollination. The outcrossing index, pollen/ovule ratio, and the results of hand pollination were measured and all revealed a mixed mating system for L. oblata, that combines cross-fertilization and partial self-fertilization. The floral traits of L. oblata of zygomorphic and brightly yellowish corolla, heavy fragrance, and rich nectar, suggest an entomophilous pollination system. Sweat bees were observed as the most effective pollinators but their visiting frequencies were not high. Pollen limitation may limit the reproductive success of L. oblata. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the reproductive characteristics of L. oblata, a critically endangered species endemic to cliffs in North China, providing insight into its endangerment and suggesting conservation strategies. L. oblata has highly pollinator-dependent self-fertilization as part of a mixed mating system. Floral features such as low-flowering synchrony, asynchronous anthers dehiscence, and high duration of stigma receptivity, improve pollination efficiency in the case of low pollinator service. Our work provides reference information to understand the survival strategies and conservation of L. oblata and other lithophytes.

Efficacy and safety of anti-B cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor T-cell for retreatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of anti-B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) for the retreatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).Methods:The clinical data of 10 RRMM patients who received anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy for the second time (CART2) in Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine due to failure or recurrence after their first anti-BCMA CAR-T (CART1) therapy from January 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment, efficacy and adverse events of patients receiving CART2 therapy were summarized; and the objective response rate (ORR), median duration of response (DOR) and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between CART1 and CART2.Results:Among 10 patients, 8 were males and 2 were females, with a median age of 57 years (41-70 years). Patients' 3-month ORR after CART1 therapy was 90%, and the median DOR was 16.0 months (3.0-27.0 months). CART2 used human-derived anti-BCMA CAR-T to treat 6 cases and mouse-derived anti-BCMA CAR-T to treat 4 cases. The 3-month ORR of patients receiving CART2 therapy was 40%, and the median DOR was 8.5 months (3.0-11.0 months). Among 9 patients who received mouse-derived anti-BCMA CAR-T in CART1 therapy, 4 of them received the same product again and none of them showed curative effect. Among 6 patients retreated with human-derived anti-BCMA CAR-T, 4 patients (66.7%) of them achieved partial remission (PR) or better. During CART1 therapy, 10 patients developed grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and 7 patients developed different degrees of decrease in leukocyte, neutrophil absolute count (ANC) and platelet. Among patients who achieved effective outcomes after receiving CART2 therapy, 4 patients of them developed grade 1-2 CRS, and different degrees of decrease in white blood cell, ANC and thrombocytopenia. Immune effector cell-related neurotoxicity syndrome was not observed.Conclusions:Anti-BCMA CAR-T is effective and safe to retreat RRMM. The ORR and DOR of patients receiving CART2 therapy are lower than those of patients receiving CART1 therapy. CRS and cytopenia are common adverse reactions.

Plastid phylogenomics and biogeography of the medicinal plant lineage Hyoscyameae (Solanaceae).

The cosmopolitan family Solanaceae, which originated and first diversified in South America, is economically important. The tribe Hyoscyameae is one of the three clades in Solanaceae that occurs outside of the New World; Hyoscyameae genera are distributed mainly in Europe and Asia, and have centers of species diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions. Although many phylogenetic studies have focused on Solanaceae, the phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Hyoscyameae and its biogeographic history remain obscure. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Hyoscyameae based on whole chloroplast genome data, and estimated lineage divergence times according to the newly reported fruit fossil from the Eocene Patagonia, Physalis infinemundi, the earliest known fossil of Solanaceae. We reconstructed a robust phylogeny of Hyoscyameae that reveals the berry fruit-type Atropa is sister to the six capsule-bearing genera (Hyoscyameae sensu stricto), Atropanthe is sister to the clade (Scopolia, Physochlaina, Przewalskia), and together they are sister to the robustly supported Anisodus-Hyoscyamus clade. The stem age of Hyoscyameae was inferred to be in the Eocene (47.11 Ma, 95% HPD: 36.75-57.86 Ma), and the crown ages of Hyoscyameae sensu stricto were estimated as the early Miocene (22.52 Ma, 95% HPD: 15.19-30.53 Ma), which shows a close correlation with the rapid uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at the Paleogene/Neogene boundary. Our results provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships and the history of the biogeographic diversification of the tribe Hyoscyameae, as well as plant diversification on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Lenalidomide combined with anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor T cell for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: report of one case and review of literature / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of lenalidomide combined with anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor T cell (anti-BCMA CAR-T) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).Methods:The clinical data of a patient with RRMM who underwent lenalidomide combined with anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy in Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in January 2020 were analyzed. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment were also analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was a 51-year-old man who was diagnosed as IgD-λ multiple myeloma (MM) in October 2015. The patient achieved remission after 10 courses of chemotherapy regimens including immunomodulators and proteasome inhibitors, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. MM relapsed after 14 months of transplantation. His disease continued to progress after multiple chemotherapy regimens and mouse or human-derived anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy. After a conditioning chemotherapy regimen of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, the patient took lenalidomide on day 1 and was infused human-derived anti-BCMA CAR-T cells on the next day. Grade 3 cytokine releasing syndrome (CRS) appeared after infusion, and was resolved after symptomatic treatment. Very good partial response (VGPR) was achieved on day 14 after anti-BCMA CAR-T treatment. VGPR had been maintained for more than 3 months by press time.Conclusion:Lenalidomide combined with anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy is feasible and effective in the treatment of RRMM.

The effects of mindfulness and health education programs on the emotional state and cognitive function of elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial.

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of mindfulness practice on emotional state and cognitive function of community-living elderly with mild cognitive impairment. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the experimental group undergoing a Mindfulness Awareness Program (MAP) and an active control group undergoing a Health Education Program (HEP) over a nine month period. Sessions were conducted weekly for the first three months and monthly for the remaining six months. Self-reported questionnaires in English and Chinese were administered through face-to-face interviews to collect data at baseline, three months and nine months. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyse data. Fifty-five elderly participants aged sixty and above, were randomized to MAP (N = 28) and HEP (N = 27) programs. Participants in both intervention arms experienced decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms over the nine-month period. A significant improvement occurred in the HEP group in depression scores at three months and anxiety scores at both three and nine months. There were no statistically significant changes on cognitive function in both groups over the nine-month period. Both the MAP and HEP can benefit the emotional states of community-living elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Our study supports the usefulness of group-based HEP as a low cost intervention for promoting active aging and psychological health in a community setting.

[Chemotactic response of ginseng endophyte to ginseng root exudates].

The ginseng endophytic bacteria F1 is a potential biocontrol agent for ginseng bacterial soft rot. In this paper,the chemotactic response of ginseng endophytic bacteria F1 on 8 kinds of sugar and amino acids was detected by capillary method to explore its biocontrol mechanism. The chemotactic response of F1 strain to 4 kinds of better chemotaxis substances such as glucose,glycine,L-rhamnoseand L-glutamic acid under parameters( concentration,time,temperature and pH) was studied. The results showed that under the same experimental conditions( incubation temperature 25 ℃,incubation time 60 min,chemotaxis concentration 1 mg·L~(-1)),ginseng endophytic bacteria F1 showed different degrees of response to the eight substances tested. The phenomenon of positive chemotaxis of the measured sugars and amino acids was obvious,and the chemotactic response to total ginsenosides was low. The degree of chemotaxis response is positively correlated with the chemotaxis index within a certain range of parameters,but as the temperature,p H,time,concentration and other factors continue to increase,the chemotaxis effect decreases,and F1 optimizes the chemotaxis of the four substances. The parameters are as follows: glucose: 25 ℃,10 mg·L~(-1),45 min,pH 7; glycine: 30 ℃,10 mg·L~(-1),75 min,pH7; L-rhamnose: 30 ℃,1 mg·L~(-1),30 min,pH 6; L-glutamic acid: 25 ℃,0. 1 mg·L~(-1),45 min,pH 8. The chemotactic response is more sensitive to low concentrations of chemotactic substances.

The complete chloroplast genome of Physochlaina physaloides (Solanaceae), an important medicinal plant.

Physochlaina is an important perennial herbaceous genus with significant medicinal value, while the phylogeny of Physochlaina and tribe Hyoscyameae is not well resolved yet. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequences of Ph. physaloides, its complete chloroplast genome is 156,413 bp in length, which is a typical quadripartite structure that includes a large single-copy region of 86,659 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,012 bp, and its GC content was 37.7%. A total of 132 genes were identified, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree of the tribe Hyoscyameae was constructed based the complete chloroplast genome sequence, and a new topology of the tribe was obtained. This study provides valuable genetic information for the conservation and utilization of Ph. physaloides and also provide the potential for better understanding of the phylogeny of Hyoscyameae and Solanaceae.

Cupping Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Synthesis of Evidence.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cupping therapy for treating patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: The following databases were searched from their inception until June 2017: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, and 4 Chinese databases (Wan Fang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VeiPu, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of cupping therapy on KOA were included in this systematic review. A quantitative synthesis of the RCTs was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Study selection and data extraction and validation were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Cochrane criteria for risk of bias were used to assess the methodological quality of the trials. RESULTS: A total of 5 studies met our inclusion criteria. We analyzed the data from these 5 RCTs involving 535 participants. All included studies were judged to be at high risk for bias. Dry cupping therapy plus Western medicine therapy was more effective than Western therapy alone in reducing the pain scores (mean difference (MD) = -1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.40 to -1.18; p < 0.01). In addition, the study participants in the dry cupping therapy plus Western medicine therapy group showed significantly greater improvements in the pain (MD = -0.73, 95% CI -1.61 to -0.41; p < 0.01), stiffness (MD = -0.94, 95% CI -1.30 to -0.58; p < 0.01), and physical function (MD = -10.07, 95% CI -13.45 to -6.69; p < 0.01) domains of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) compared to participants in the Western medicine therapy group. Moreover, when compared with Western medicine therapy alone, a meta-analysis of 4 RCTs suggested statistically significant favorable effects of wet cupping therapy plus Western medicine on the Lequesne Algofunctional Index (LAI) (MD = -3.44, 95% CI -4.21 to -2.68; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is weak evidence to support the hypothesis that cupping therapy has beneficial effects on reducing the pain intensity and improving the physical function in patients with KOA.

A nonpharmacological approach to improve sleep quality in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: Poor sleep quality is highly prevalent among older adults and is associated with poor quality of life, cognitive and physical decline, depression, and increased mortality. Medication options commonly used are not ideal, and alternative treatment strategies are needed. We evaluate a community-based psychosocial intervention program and its effect on sleep quality in older adults. METHOD: Elderly participants aged 60 and above were included. Those with Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory scores above 5 and 10, respectively, were excluded. The community program included tai chi exercise, art therapy, mindfulness awareness practice, and music reminiscence therapy. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory were administered at baseline and at 1 year. RESULTS: A hundred and eighty-nine subjects (44 men, 145 women; mean age = 69 years, SD = 5.7, range = 60-89) participated. The proportion of participants with good sleep quality had increased from 58.2% to 64.6%. Sleep disturbance was significantly reduced (baseline, 1.04; postintervention, 0.76; mean difference 0.28; P < .01); men experienced greater improvement (P < .001). Improvements were independent of changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: Participation in this community program led to positive effects on sleep disturbances after a year. Psychosocial interventions have potential as a nondrug intervention approach for sleep problems, and further research is needed to understand its mediating mechanisms.

Effects of subcutaneous embedding of thumb-tack needle on tear film in patients with dry eye / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of subcutaneous embedding of thumb-tack needle combined with mytear and simple mytear on tear film in patients with dry eye.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty patients of dry eye (160 eyes) were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each group. The 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drop (alice) was applied in the control group, four times per day for two weeks. On the basis of the control group, the subcutaneous embedding of thumb-tack needle was used at ① Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sizhukong (SJ 23), Sibai (ST 2), ② Yintang (EX-HN 3), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Taiyang (EX-HN 5). The two groups of acupoints were used alternately. The thumb-tack needle was placed for 2 to 3 days, once a week for two weeks. The subjective symptom score, Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠT), tear break-up time (BUT) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were compared before treatment, after treatment and during 2-week follow-up visit in the two groups. The effects of the two groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared before treatment, the subjective symptom score and CFS were reduced but SⅠT and BUT were increased after treatment and during follow-up visit in the two groups (all <0.05), which in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (all <0.05). The total effective rate was 90.0% (36/40) in the observation group, which was superior to 85.0% (34/40) in the control group (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The subcutaneous embedding of thumb-tack needle could increase the amount of SIT, prolong BUT and repair pathological damage of cornea, which could relieve the symptoms of dry eye and improve visual quality.</p>

Observations on the Efficacy of Wrist-ankle Acupuncture plus Medicated Cupping as Main Treatment for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of wrist-ankle acupuncture plus medicated cupping as main treatment for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.Methods Eighty patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomized to groups A, B, C and D. Group A took loxoprofen sodium tablets. Groups B, C and D additionally received wrist-ankle acupuncture, medicated cupping and wrist-ankle acupuncture plus medicated cupping, respectively. The VSA score was recorded in the four groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the groups. Results The VSA score decreased significantly in group D after one day of treatment compared with before (P<0.05). The VSA score decreased significantly in every group after 7 and 14 days of treatment compared with before (P<0.05); there was a statistically significant difference in the VSA score between groups D and A (P<0.05). The VSA score decreased significantly in groups B, C and D after 21 days of treatment compared with before (P<0.05); there was a statistically significant difference in the VSA score between group A and group B, C or D (P<0.05) and between group D and group B or C (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 50.0％ in group A, 55.0％ in group B, 55.0％ in group C and 90.0％ in group D. There was a statistically significant difference in the total efficacy rate between group D and group A. B or C (P<0.05).Conclusions Wrist-ankle acupuncture plus medicated cupping as main treatment has a definite effect on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. It can relieve neck and shoulder pain in the patients.

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on osseointegration and bone absorption of implants / 中华口腔医学杂志

Implantation of the base bone in the implant after effective and rapid bone binding and prevention and treatment of bone resorption, to ensure the success of planting surgery is of great significance. This article reviews the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine promoting bone integration and the etiopathological mechanism of bone resorption, and expounds the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on osseointegration and bone resorption.

[Research on chemotaxis response of Alternaria panax to amino acid of ginseng root exudates].

Plate assay and spore germination method were used to study the chemotaxis response of Alternaria panax to arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and threonine. The result showed that the optimum temperature of A. panax chemotaxis response to four amino acids were all 25 ℃. And chemotaxis responses of A. panax were different under conditions of different concentration and pH value. The chemotaxin reached to the highest under the condition of 2 mg•L⁻¹ and pH value was 7 for arginine, glutamic acid and threonine while 20 mg•L⁻¹ and pH value was 6 for aspartic acid . The data of chemotactic migration index (CMI) were 1.24, 1.38, 1.27, 1.31 and chemotactic growth rates(CGR) were 0.451 0, 0.353 0, 0.381 3, 0.228 8 and spores germination rates(SGR) were 57.33%，63%，56.67%，58% and the dry weight of mycelial (DWM) were 372.9, 348.5, 314.4, 390.2 mg•L⁻¹ respectively. It indicated that the low and middle concentration of amino acid had significant promoting effect on chemotaxis response of A. panax. As important substances generated in ginseng root, amino acids exhibited an efficient chemotactic effect on A. panax, and some even show inhibition effect under high concentration.

[Influence of exogenous ginsenosides on new forest soil microbial communities].

Ginsenosides are the main active ingredient and allelochemicals of Panax ginseng, and they play an important role in ginseng growth and in ecological adaptation. To study the influence of ginsenosides on soil microbial communities, the method of given exogenous total ginsenosides of different concentrations were used to study the influence of ginsenosides on new forest soil microbial community, evaluate the change of metabolic activity of microbial community and investigate the ecological effect of ginsenosides on soil microbial community. Results showed that, exogenous total ginsenosides promoted metabolic activity of microbial community in new forest soil at different concentrations compared with the control after 10 d and 40 d treatment. After 10 d,except for the Evenness index, all of the other indices indicated that the functional diversity of the soil microbial community in the new forest firstly increased then decreased with increase of the total ginsenosides concentration. The Substrate richness for 0.01 g•L⁻¹ soil treatment was significantly different from that of the control. After 20 d, 30 d and 40 d, except for the Evenness index, all of the other indices indicated that the functional diversity of the soil microbial community in the new forest increased with total ginsenosides. These results suggested that ginsenosids can change soil microbial community and microbial metabolic activity, which alter soil microbial ecology and accordingly affect the growth of ginseng with accumulation of ginsenosides in the soil.

Clinical efficacy of Liuweidihuang Pill combined with Metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetes with Qi-Yin deficiency / 药物评价研究

Objective To discuss the efficacy of six ingredient rehmannia pill combined with metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetes with Qi-Yin deficiency.Methods 120 cases with type 2 diabetes were selected.They were divided into two groups randomly.The observation group (60 cases) took six ingredient rehmannia pill combined with metformin.The control group (60 cases) took metformin.The efficacy of interlocking intramedullary nail and fracture contusion capsule in treatment of open tibial fracutre was evaluated by fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2 h blood glucose,total symptom scores before and after treatment,adverse reaction during treatment.Results The effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,fasting blood glucose and postprandial 2 h blood glucose level had no significant difference between two groups.After treatment,the blood glucose of two groups were decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The fasting blood glucose and blood glucose 2 h after meal of observation group were lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,total symptom scores had no significant difference.After treatment,the two groups of the total symptom scores were decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and the observation group the total symptom score lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).During the treatment,the control group of 1 cases of hypoglycemia,the observation group of 1 cases of hypoglycemia,1 cases of mild nausea.The adverse reactions of two groups had no significant difference.Conclusion Six ingredient rehmannia pill combined with metformin had good effect on type 2 diabetes.It could significantly improve the symptoms of diabetes diagnosed by traditional Chinese medicine.The hypoglycemic effect was obvious with high drugy safety.It was worthy of clinical application.

Clinical efficacy of Liuweidihuang Pill combined with Metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetes with Qi-Yin deficiency / 药物评价研究

Objective To discuss the efficacy of six ingredient rehmannia pill combined with metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetes with Qi-Yin deficiency.Methods 120 cases with type 2 diabetes were selected.They were divided into two groups randomly.The observation group (60 cases) took six ingredient rehmannia pill combined with metformin.The control group (60 cases) took metformin.The efficacy of interlocking intramedullary nail and fracture contusion capsule in treatment of open tibial fracutre was evaluated by fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2 h blood glucose,total symptom scores before and after treatment,adverse reaction during treatment.Results The effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,fasting blood glucose and postprandial 2 h blood glucose level had no significant difference between two groups.After treatment,the blood glucose of two groups were decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The fasting blood glucose and blood glucose 2 h after meal of observation group were lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,total symptom scores had no significant difference.After treatment,the two groups of the total symptom scores were decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and the observation group the total symptom score lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).During the treatment,the control group of 1 cases of hypoglycemia,the observation group of 1 cases of hypoglycemia,1 cases of mild nausea.The adverse reactions of two groups had no significant difference.Conclusion Six ingredient rehmannia pill combined with metformin had good effect on type 2 diabetes.It could significantly improve the symptoms of diabetes diagnosed by traditional Chinese medicine.The hypoglycemic effect was obvious with high drugy safety.It was worthy of clinical application.

[Chemotaxis response of Erwinia carotovora on sugars and amino acids of root exudates of Panax ginseng].

The chemotaxis response of Erwinia carotovora to different sugars and amino acids in four kinds of chemotactic parameters (concentration, time, temperature and pH ) was determined by capillary method. The results showed that when pH was 8, concentration was 0.025 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 25 ℃ and the duration was 60 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of lysine was 2.509,when pH was 6, concentration was 0.25 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 25 ℃ and the duration was 60 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of arginine was 2.218 8,when pH was 7, concentration was 0.25 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 30 ℃ and the duration was 60 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of L-rhamnose was 3.091 2, when pH was 6, concentration was 0.25 mg•L ⁻¹, culture temperature was 30 ℃ and the duration was 45 minutes, the optimal chemotaxis rate of D-arabinose was 3.026 3. Sugars and amino acids had obvious chemotaxis with E. carotovora,the high concentration of carbohydrate and amino acid exited an inhibitory effect on chemotaxis response of E. carotovora, and the chemotaxis response decreased with the increase of concentration of carbohydrates and amino acids.