RESUMO
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the main active extract from astragalus membranaceus which is a kind of traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is associated with a variety of immunomodulatory activities. We have evaluated the therapeutic effects of APS in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It was found that APS could effectively alleviate EAE through inhibiting MOG35-55-specific T cell proliferation and reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which is mediated by up-regulating the expression of PD-1/PD-Ls signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that EAE could be suppressed significantly by APS administration. It indicated that APS might be a potential of developing innovative drug for the therapy of MS.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Astragalus propinquus/química , Antígeno B7-H1/biossíntese , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Gomas Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Proteína 2 Ligante de Morte Celular Programada 1/biossíntese , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/biossíntese , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Antígeno B7-H1/fisiologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/genética , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Inflamação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito/toxicidade , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Gomas Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteína 2 Ligante de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Proteína 2 Ligante de Morte Celular Programada 1/fisiologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/fisiologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/imunologia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In pig production, inefficient feed digestion causes excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen to be released to the environment. To address the issue of environmental emissions, we established transgenic pigs harboring a single-copy quad-cistronic transgene and simultaneously expressing three microbial enzymes, ß-glucanase, xylanase, and phytase in the salivary glands. All the transgenic enzymes were successfully expressed, and the digestion of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and phytate in the feedstuff was enhanced. Fecal nitrogen and phosphorus outputs in the transgenic pigs were reduced by 23.2-45.8%, and growth rate improved by 23.0% (gilts) and 24.4% (boars) compared with that of age-matched wild-type littermates under the same dietary treatment. The transgenic pigs showed an 11.5-14.5% improvement in feed conversion rate compared with the wild-type pigs. These findings indicate that the transgenic pigs are promising resources for improving feed efficiency and reducing environmental impact.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Meio Ambiente , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Glândulas Salivares/enzimologia , Suínos , 6-Fitase/genética , 6-Fitase/metabolismo , Animais , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Fezes/química , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/genética , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Proteínas Recombinantes/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficacy and safety of JieDuTongLuoShengJin granules + HCQ in patients with pSS. METHODS: 40 patients with low-activity-level pSS and without visceral involvement participated in this study and were randomized to receive either JieDuTongLuoShengJin granules with HCQ or placebo with HCQ. Patients and investigators were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was week 12 ESSPRI score, while secondary endpoints included ESSDAI, salivary and lacrimal gland function, and some laboratory variables. Safety-related data were also assessed. RESULTS: Comparing with the placebo group, the treatment group experienced statistically significant improvement in the mean change from baseline for the primary endpoint of ESSPRI score and also in PGA. Moreover, in comparison with baseline values, the treatment group had significantly improved ESSDAI score, unstimulated saliva flow rate, and several laboratory variables. However, upon comparison of the two groups, there were no significant differences for them. The incidence of AEs was 10.0%, one in treatment group and three in placebo group. CONCLUSION: Treatment with a combination of JieDuTongLuoShengJin granules with HCQ is effective in improving patients' subjective symptoms and some objective indicators of pSS. These results indicate that JieDuTongLuoShengJin is promising as a safe and effective treatment of pSS.