High-efficiency green management of potato late blight by a self-assembled multicomponent nano-bioprotectant.

Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease worldwide. Unlike other plant pathogens, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is poorly taken up by P. infestans, which is a key obstacle in using dsRNA for disease control. Here, a self-assembled multicomponent nano-bioprotectant for potato late blight management is designed based on dsRNA and a plant elicitor. Nanotechnology overcomes the dsRNA delivery bottleneck for P. infestans and extends the RNAi protective window. The protective effect of nano-enabled dsRNA against infection arises from a synergistic mechanism that bolsters the stability of dsRNA and optimizes its effective intracellular delivery. Additionally, the nano-enabled elicitor enhances endocytosis and amplifies the systemic defense response of the plants. Co-delivery of dsRNA and an elicitor provides a protective effect via the two aspects of pathogen inhibition and elevated plant defense mechanisms. The multicomponent nano-bioprotectant exhibits superior control efficacy compared to a commercial synthetic pesticide in field conditions. This work proposes an eco-friendly strategy to manage devastating plant diseases and pests.

Based on mRNA Sequencing Techniques to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction for Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

OBJECTIVE: Autoimmune diseases (AD) account for a high percentage of the population. One of the most prevalent is autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). However, the therapeutic effects of Buzhong Yiqi (BZYQ) decoction on AIT have not been studied yet. The majority of the present study was conducted on NOD.H-2h4 mice in an attempt to ascertain the therapeutic effects of BZYQ decoction on AIT. METHODS: The 0.05% sodium iodide water (NaI)-induced AIT mice model was established. A total of nine NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the normal group provided with regular water, the model group drinking freely 0.05% NaI, and the treatment group treated with BZYQ decoction (9.56 g/kg) after NaI supplementation (NaI + BZYQ). BZYQ decoction was administered orally once daily for eight weeks. The thyroid histopathology test was used to measure the severity of lymphocytic infiltration. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-17. The Illumina HiSeq X sequencing platform was utilized to analyze the thyroid tissue by mRNA expression profiles. Bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the biological function of the differentially expressed mRNAs. In addition, the expression of Carbonyl Reductase 1 (CBR1), 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase (PTS), Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II (H2-EB1), Interleukin 23 Subunit Alpha (IL-23A), Interleukin 6 Receptor (IL-6RA), and Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: The treatment group exhibited significantly lower rates of thyroiditis and lymphocyte infiltration compared to the model group. Serum levels of TgAb, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-17 were significantly higher in the model group, but they fell dramatically after BZYQ decoction administration. According to our results, 495 genes showed differential expression in the model group compared to the control group. Six hundred twenty-five genes were significantly deregulated in the treatment group compared to the model group. Bioinformatic analysis showed that most mRNAs were associated with immune-inflammatory responses and were involved in multiple signaling pathways, including folate biosynthesis and the Th17 cell differentiation pathway. CBR1, PTS, H2-EB1, IL23A, IL-6RA and JAK1 mRNA participated in folate biosynthesis and the Th17 cell differentiation pathway. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the above mRNAs were regulated in the model group compared to the treatment group Conclusion: The results of this investigation have revealed novel insights into the molecular mechanism of action of BZYQ decoction against AIT. The mechanism may be partially attributed to the regulation of mRNA expression and pathways.