Treatment of lung cancer by acupuncture combined with medicine based on pathophysiological mechanism: A review.

Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. There are an estimated 2.2 million new cases and 1.79 million deaths each year. Over the past 2 decades, our understanding of disease biology, the use of predictive biomarkers, and improvements in therapeutic approaches have made significant progress and transformed the outcomes of many patients. Treatment is determined by the subtype and stage of the cancer; however, the effect of personalized treatment remains unsatisfactory. The use of Chinese medicines has attracted increasing attention worldwide. Chinese medicine treatment of lung cancer has few side effects, which can effectively prolong the survival expectation of patients and improve their quality of life, and has attracted increasing attention. Based on the pathophysiological mechanism of lung cancer reported in modern medical research, this article explores the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with medicine in the treatment of lung cancer.

The Effects of Electroacupuncture as an Adjunct Therapy on Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: To systematically collate, appraise, and synthesize evidence of electroacupuncture (EA) as an adjunct therapy for poststroke aphasia (PSA) from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in eight databases to identify RCTs evaluating EA adjuvant therapy versus speech and language therapy (SLT). Methodological quality of the included trails was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias. The software Review Manager 5.4 was used for data analysis. Results: Nineteen RCTs enrolling a total of 1263 subjects were identified. The use of EA combined with speech and language therapy (SLT) showed significant improvements in effective rate (RR 1.31, 95% CI [1.21, 1.41]), oral expression score (SMD 1.34, 95% CI [1.13, 1.56]), comprehension score (SMD 1.95, 95% CI [0.88, 3.03]), repetition score (SMD 1.84, 95% CI [0.75, 2.93]), naming score (SMD 1.97, 95% CI [0.81, 3.13]), and reading score (SMD 1.55, 95% CI [1.07, 2.04]) compared to the use of SLT alone. Conclusions: The pooled data indicate that EA combined with SLT for the treatment of PSA may improve clinical effectiveness, compared with SLT alone. Future high quality RCTs with large samples are still needed to confirm and expand our findings.

Depression of Fungal Polygalacturonase Activity in Solanum lycopersicum Contributes to Antagonistic Yeast-Mediated Fruit Immunity to Botrytis.

The acquisition of susceptibility to necrotrophy over the course of ripening is one of the critical factors limiting shelf life. In this study, phytopathology and molecular biology were employed to explore the roles of pectinase in fruit susceptibility and ripening. Solanum lycopersicum fruit softened dramatically from entirely green to 50% red, which was accompanied by a continuously high expressed SlPG2 gene. The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea further activated the expression of SlPGs and SlPMEs to accelerate cell wall disassembly, while most of the polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins encoding genes expression were postponed in ripe fruit following the pathogen attack. Pectin induced the antagonistic yeast to secrete pectinolytic enzymes to increase fruit resistance against gray mold. The activities of pathogenic pectinase of B. cinerea were correspondingly depressed in the pectin-inducible yeast enzyme elicited ripe fruit. These data suggest that pectinase is a molecular target for regulation of disease resistance during fruit ripening.

A selenium-catalysed para-amination of phenols.

Antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decomposes hydroperoxides by utilizing the different redox chemistry of the selenium and sulfur. Here, we report a Se-catalysed para-amination of phenols while, in contrast, the reactions with sulfur donors are stoichiometric. A catalytic amount of phenylselenyl bromide smoothly converts N-aryloxyacetamides to N-acetyl p-aminophenols. When the para position was substituted (for example, with tyrosine), the dearomatization 4,4-disubstituted cyclodienone products were obtained. A combination of experimental and computational studies was conducted and suggested the weaker Se-N bond plays a key role in the completion of the catalytic cycle. Our method extends the selenium-catalysed processes to the functionalisation of aromatic compounds. Finally, we demonstrated the mild nature of the para-amination reaction by generating an AIEgen 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) product in a fluorogenic fashion in a PBS buffer.

New clerodane diterpenoids from Croton crassifolius.

Two new clerodane diterpenoids (1-2), one new clerodane diterpenoid alkaloid (3), as well as thirteen known compounds were isolated from Croton crassifolius. The structures of new compounds were established by a combination of spectroscopic methods, including HRMS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (1)H (1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 3 is firstly reported as the clerodane-type diterpenoid alkaloid in natural products. All of the compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against CT26.WT cell using the MTT method.

Isolation and identification of acaricidal compounds in Eupatorium adenophorum petroleum ether extract and determination of their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi.

We used multiple silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and (13)C NMR to separate and identify the active acaricidal ingredients in Eupatorium adenophorum petroleum ether extract. The acaricidal activity of each compound was tested against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. Three compounds had strong acaricidal activity against P. cuniculi in vitro. The insecticidal effect of 0.5% compound 9ß-hydroxy-ageraphorone was better than the insecticidal effect of fenvalerate, and compounds 9-oxo-ageraphorone and 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-ageraphorone exhibited higher insecticidal effects than 9ß-hydroxy-ageraphorone. Thus, the E. adenophorum petroleum ether extract contains an effective composition of acaricides that could potentially be developed as a promising plant-origin acaricide.

Acaricidal activity of petroleum ether extracts from Eupatorium adenophorum against the ectoparasitic cattle mite, Chorioptes texanus.

In this study, we evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of extracts obtained from the plant Eupatorium adenophorum against the common cattle mite Chorioptes texanus. The results showed that 95% ethanol extracts at concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 g/mL (w/v) were highly toxic to C. texanus in vitro, killing 100% of mites in 4 h. Similarly, petroleum ether extracts of E. adenophorum resulted in between 80 and 100% mortality of mites in vitro at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.025 mL/mL (v/v) within 4 h. In clinical trials, all infected individuals completely recovered after two treatments administered at 7-day intervals and remained disease-free at 60 days posttreatment. The clinical effect of treatment with E. adenophorum petroleum ether extracts was similar to that of treatment with the acaricide fenvalerate. These results indicated that E. adenophorum contains novel potential acaricidal compounds that can effectively control mites in livestock.

Carmichaeline A: a new C20-diterpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum carmichaeli.

The roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. are known for their medicinal value. A new C20-diterpenoid alkaloid designated as carmichaeline A (1) has been isolated, along with eight known diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of the plant. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation.

Case report: Manual lymphatic drainage and kinesio taping in the secondary malignant breast cancer-related lymphedema in an arm with arteriovenous (A-V) fistula for hemodialysis.

Lymphedema is a dreaded complication of breast cancer treatment. The standard care for lymphedema is complex decongestive physiotherapy, which includes manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), short stretch bandaging, exercise, and skin care. The Kinesio Taping could help to improve lymphatic uptake. We reported a patient with unilateral secondary malignant breast cancer-related lymphedema and arteriovenous (A-V) fistula for hemodialysis happened in the same arm, and used kinesio taping, MLD, and exercise to treat this patient because no pressure could be applied to the A-V fistula. The 12-session therapy created an excellent effect. We do not think the kinesio taping could replace short stretch bandaging, but it could be another choice for contraindicating pressure therapy patients, and we should pay attention to wounds induced by kinesio tape.

[Toxical research of Kudiezi injection in safety re-evaluation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the toxic effect on mouse administrated Kudiezi injection multy times a day, and on rats repeat administrated for many days. METHOD: Mouse tail intravenous injection of Kudiezi, 0.04 mL x g(-1), 3 times a day, rats tail intravenous injection of Kudiezi, 20, 10, 4 mL x kg(-1), once a day, for 6 weeks. RESULT: There is no abnormal to the mouses administrated many times a day. The rats administrated large doses of drug for many days have certain effects on hematology, blood biochemistry. Some animals appear liver, kidney lesions mild, injection local appear haemorrhage, edema and inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION: The mouse which was intravenous injection in the dose of 180 times Kudiezi injection as much as people used, revealed no toxicity reaction. Repeated large-dose administration, rats caused by lesions of the main target organs may be for kidney, liver. But the recovery result on liver, kidney toxicity was reversible, no delayed toxicity. At the same time, large doses of long-term administration of local have a certain irritation. Tips the medication should be under the guidance of doctors, and pay attention to replace the injection site. This research will provide safety basis for the clinical use of Kudiezi injection.

Is the current iodine content in edible salt appropriate for eliminating iodine deficiency in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to measure the urinary iodine excretion of volunteers who daily consumed iodized salt and to evaluate whether the current iodine content in salt is appropriate. A field trial study was then conducted to determine how the salt iodization content should be adjusted, either to prevent iodine deficiency or to avoid excess consumption. METHODS: A total of 1,099 volunteers from 399 households from urban and rural regions were selected. The levels of salt iodine and urinary iodine were measured prior to the field trial. All the households were randomly divided into four groups according to different salt iodine concentrations: group A, 6+/-2 mg/kg; group B, 15+/-2 mg/kg, group C, 24+/-2 mg/kg; and group D, 34+/-2 mg/kg. The urinary iodine levels of households were determined over five consecutive days, starting on the 27th day after the intervention. RESULTS: Before the intervention, the median urinary iodine excretions for urban and rural residents are 294 microg/L and 509 microg/L, respectively. By contrast, urinary iodine excretion in all groups significantly declined after the intervention. The median excretions of urinary iodine on the 28th day after the intervention for all groups were 97.2 microg/L, 199 microg/L, 249 microg/L and 331 microg/L for urban residents, and 101 microg/L, 193 microg/L, 246 microg/L and 308 microg/L for their rural counterparts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The trial exhibits a tendency of slightly excessive iodine intake among the households under the currently recommended standard.

Antitumor activity of compounds isolated from leaves of Eriobotrya japonica.

In a search for possible antitumor agents from natural sources, megastigmane glycosides and polyphenolic constituents isolated from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae) were found to inhibit the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced activation of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen in Raji cells. Roseoside and procyanidin B-2 were among the active compounds found in an in vitro assay; these compounds were further assessed for antitumor activity in vivo in a two-stage carcinogenesis assay on mouse skin. Roseoside significantly delayed carcinogenesis induced by peroxynitrite (initiator) and TPA (promoter), and its potency was comparable to that of a green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, in the same assay.