RESUMO
The incidence of stomach diseases is very high, which has a significant impact on human health. Damaged gastric mucosa is more vulnerable to injury, leading to bleeding and perforation, which eventually aggravates the primary disease. Therefore, the protection of gastric mucosa is crucial. However, existing drugs that protect gastric mucosa can cause nonnegligible side effects, such as hepatic inflammation, nephritis, hypoacidity, impotence, osteoporotic bone fracture, and hypergastrinemia. Autophagy, as a major intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation process, plays a key role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and resisting environmental pressure, which may be a potential therapeutic target for protecting gastric mucosa. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy played a dual role when gastric mucosa exposed to biological and chemical factors. More indepth studies are needed on the protective effect of autophagy in gastric mucosa. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms and the dual role of various biological and chemical factors regulating autophagy, such as Helicobacter pylori, virus, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. And we summarize the pathophysiological properties and pharmacological strategies for the protection of gastric mucosa through autophagy.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Homeostase , Humanos , Inflamação , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Úlcera Gástrica/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the extraction conditions of mycelium polysaccharides from selenium-rich Morchella esculenta with neutral proteinase for increasing of yield. METHODS: On the basis of single factor tests, orthogonal experiment design was applied to analyze the influence of factors including enzyme dosage, enzymolysis time, enzymolysis temperature and material/liquid ratio on the extraction rate of the polysaccharides. RESULTS: The optimal extraction conditions of mycelium polysaccharides from selenium-rich Morchella esculenta was as follows: enzyme dosage was 1.5%, enzymolysis time was 2 h, enzymolysis temperature was 40 degrees C, and material/liquid ratio was 1:15. The extraction rate of polysaccharide was 11.26% under the extraction conditions. CONCLUSION: The process is simple, stable and practicable, and can be used for the extraction of mycelium polysaccharides from selenium-rich Morchella esculenta.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/química , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Micélio/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodos , Endopeptidases/administração & dosagem , Fermentação , Polissacarídeos/análise , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Selênio , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic diversity of medicinal Dendrobium by SRAP. METHOD: The genetic diversity of 9 spices Dendrobium was studied by using the optimized SRAP reaction system. The NTSYS software was used to analyze the markers. RESULT: Forty primer pairs were selected from 88 amplified 1 782 polymorphic bands with an average of 44.55 polymorphic bands per primer pair. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on the data of SRAP amplified bands by 40 primer pairs showed that 9 spices of could be distinguished into two main groups. Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.330 2-0.789 2. CONCLUSION: The results of this research indicate that SRAP molecular marker is efficient to study the medical Dendrobium genetic diversity.