[Effect of Xiaoyao San on OVX combined with CUS anxiety and depression model rats based on hippocampal microglia M1 polarization].

To investigate the anti-anxiety and anti-depression effect and mechanism of Xiaoyao San on rats with ovariectomy(OVX) combined with chronic unpredictable stress(CUS) model. The model of perimenopausal depression was established by OVX and CUS; the level of anxiety and depression was evaluated by open field test; the levels of interleukin-1ß(IL-1ß) and interleukin-6(IL-6) mRNA in rat hippocampus were detected by Real-time qPCR; double staining immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1(Iba-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in microglia of rat dentate gyrus(DG); Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS of microglia in DG region of rat hippocampus. The results showed that in the model group, the number of horizontal movement, the number of vertical movement and central residence time were significantly reduced, and the grooming time was significantly prolonged(P<0.05 or P<0.01); the levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 in hippocampus increased significantly(P<0.05); the number of positive cells with co-expression of Iba-1/iNOS of microglia cells in DG region of hippocampus increased; the expression levels of Iba-1 and iNOS protein in hippocampus were significantly increased(P<0.01), suggesting that microglia in DG region of hippocampus was activated and polarized toward M1 type in rats with stress. The high dose group of Xiaoyao San significantly increased the number of horizontal movement, vertical movement and central residence time of model rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and significantly down-regulated the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1ß and IL-6(P<0.05). Meanwhile, it reversed the activation and quantity change of microglia in hippocampus. Although the Xiaoyao San low dose group had no significant effect on the behavioral indicators in the open field test and the levels of IL-1ß and IL-6, they all showed a trend of improvement. Low dose Xiaoyao San significantly decreased iNOS protein level(P<0.05), and high dose Xiaoyao San significantly down-regulated the protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS in hippocampus microglia(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, Xiaoyao San can improve anxiety and depression-like behavior in OVX combined with CUS model rats, and its mechanism is related to its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting M1 polarization of hippocampal microglia.

Temperary effects of Ranibizumab or Chinese herbs Zhujing formula on the axial length and choroidal thickness in the guinea pigs with deprivation myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the temperary changes in the refraction, axial length, and choroidal thickness after a Chinese herb(Zhujing formula)feeding or injection of ranibizumab in a guinea pig myopia model.<p>METHODS: A Guinea pigs model of form-deprived(FD)myopia were randomly divided into 3 groups: Zhujing formula group, ranibizumab group and saline group(<i>n</i>=20 for each group). Zhujing formula group were fed daily with Zhujing formula solution 3.285g/(kg·d)(1.5mL/d)for 1wk. Ranibizumab group were treated with(intravitreal injections of 0.02mg)ranibizumab at the first day. Saline group were fed with 1.5mL 0.9% saline at the first day. The refraction(Diopter), axial length and choroidal thickness were measured before and at day 1, 3 and 7d postoperative. <p>RESULTS: The spherical equivalent(SE), axial length and choroidal thickness in ranibizumab group showed no significant trend after intravitreal injection(<i>P</i>>0.05). However, SE and axial length showed trendency to greater myopic shift in the Zhujing formula group and the saline group(<i>P</i><0.05). The effect began to appear on the first day after administration, achieved the maximum effect after 3d, and faded completely until 7d. On the first day after administration, the diopter and the axial length in ranibizumab group showed the lowest among three groups(<i>P</i><0.05), and choroid thickness showed the thickest among three groups(<i>P</i><0.05). At 3d after administration, the diopter and the axial length in the saline group showed the lowest among three groups, and choroid thickness showed the thickest among three groups(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no significant difference in the parameters among the three groups at 1wk after administration(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: There is a temperary choroidal thickening of the form deprivation myopia recovery period. The ranibizumab inhibited the thickening of the choroid in the whole recovery period of form deprivation myopia, Zhujing formula slight inhibited the thickening at 3d, and the all change persisted only for 1wk.

Research Progress on Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Blood-brain Barrier Permeability / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The blood-brain barrier is located between blood vessels and brain parenchyma and is a composite tissue composed of brain capillary endothelial cell,astrocyte end foot,pericyte,basement membrane and their tight connections.The blood-brain barrier acts as an important barrier between the blood-brain. It strictly restricts the exchange of blood and brain tissue. On the one hand,it allows the nutrients required by the brain tissue to enter the barrier. On the other hand,the substance that damages the brain tissue is restricted from entering the barrier to maintain the stability of the neuron microenvironment. The barrier function of the blood-brain barrier also limits the concentration of drugs that treat certain diseases into the brain or reduces the concentration of drugs into the brain,affecting the treatment of certain diseases.Studies have found that Chinese medicine has the effect of regulating the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. For example, Chinese herbal medicines such as Moschus,borneol,Styorax,and Benzoinum can increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier,and can help its medicine into the brain. Its role is mainly related to the reduction of the blood-brain barrier tight junction,the inhibition of the blood-brain barrier transporter,and the inhibition of the active transport of ion channels.Orifice-opening medicinal such as borneol and Moschus can reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.Certain tonifying and replenishing medicinal such as Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,and Paeoniae Radix Alba can also reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to protect the blood-brain barrier and brain tissue.Its role is mainly related to the regulation of inflammatory reactions,increased expression of tight junction-associated proteins,and promotion of vascular endothelial proliferation.The two-way regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) may be the basis for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases by TCM.In this paper,we systematically sort out the relevant literatures on the study of the permeability of blood-brain barrier and its mechanism of action in Chinese medicine in recent years,and carry out in-depth combing and summary,in order to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of TCM to prevent and treat brain diseases.

General investigation and preliminary risk assessment of aflatoxins in traditional chinese medicines and their preparations / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To guide the establishment of limits of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines and their preparations by a preliminary risk assessment. METHODS: According to the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" aflatoxin determination method, aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines and some preparations were determined, and quality control procedures were carried out. In accordance with the basic steps of risk assessment, a preliminary risk assessment was done for traditional Chinese medicines and some preparations. RESULTS: According to the results of preliminary risk assessment of aflatoxins in Chinese crude medicines and preparations, the limits of aflatoxins in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were recommended. CONCLUSION: Aflatoxins are not a universal contamina-tionin traditional Chinese medicines and their preparations, but for some species which are at high risks, the detection of aflatoxins is needed and appropriate limits should be established.

Effect of Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn alcohol extract on defecation and isolated colon of diarrhea-IBS rats and its mechanism / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the intervention of Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn alcohol extract (FAE) on defecation function and motor functions of isolated colons of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) rats and to study its underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The D-IBS rat model was established by neonatal pups maternal separation (NMS) combined with intracolonic infusion of acetic acid (AA). Adult IBS rats were randomly divided into the pre-intervention control group (n = 10, with no gastrogavage), the normal saline control group (n = 10, administered with normal saline by gastrogavage), the pre-treatment model group (n = 8,with no gastrogavage),the normal saline model group (n = 8, administered with normal saline by gastrogavage), the low dose FAE group (n = 8, administered with 6 g/kg FAE by gastrogavage), the high dose FAE group (n = 8, administered with 24 g/kg FAE by gastrogavage), and the Pinaverium Bromide group (n = 8, administered with 0.02 g/kg Pinaverium Bromide by gastrogavage). All medication was performed once daily for 2 weeks. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was employed to evaluate the visceral hypersensitivity; their loose and watery stool grade was assessed by Bristol scores for stool consistency; and their fresh feces weight was calculated. In vitro effect of different concentrations of FAE and Pinaverium Bromide (0.02 μg/mL) on spontaneous contraction and spasmodic contraction induced by acetylcholine (Ach) in rats' isolated colon were observed and the influence on the intestinal calcium channel was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the pre-intervention control group, the pain pressure threshold and the maximum tolerance pressure decreased significantly in the pre-intervention model group (P < 0.05), and the loose and watery stool grade and fresh feces weight increased drastically (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal saline control group, the pain pressure threshold and the maximum tolerance pressure decreased significantly in the normal saline model group (P < 0.05), and the loose and watery stool grade and fresh feces weight increased markedly (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal saline model group, the pain pressure threshold of 24 g/kg FAE and Pinaverium Bromide group significantly increased (P < 0.05). The loose and watery stool grade and fresh feces weight decreased obviously in the low dose FAE group, the high dose FAE group, and the Pinaverium Bromide group (P < 0.05). FAE (30, 100, 300, 1,000, and 3,000 μg/mL) and Pinaverium Bromide could significantly inhibit spontaneous contraction of isolated intestines (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and FAE (30, 100, and 300 x 10(-6) g/mL) could remarkably inhibit their spasmodic contraction and contractile tension induced by Ach and Ca2+ respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in a concentration-dependent manner. Pinaverium Bromide also could significantly inhibit Ach and Ca2+ induced contraction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Effective components of FAE improved the defecation function and inhibited enterospasm induced intestinal hyperactivity in IBS model rats via antagonizing calcium channel competitively and inhibiting colonic motility dose-dependently.</p>

Determination of gallic acid in Melastoma dodecandrum by RP-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of gallic acid in Chinese herb Melastoma dodecandrum, and to evaluate the quality of the herb.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The RP-HPLC analysis was achieved by using a Polaris C18 column and tetrahydrofuran-methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid (0.5:0.5:99) as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and detected by UV at 274 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of gallic acid was from 0.020% to 0.081%, in ten groups of M. dodecandrum collected from different locations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is a simple, convenient and rapid. It can be used for quality evaluation of M. dodecandrum.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in herb of Polygonum orientale / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the essential substance from Polygonum oriental.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated with silica gel and polyamide chromatography and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were obtained and identified as myricitrin, luteolin, gallic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxycinnamic acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Six compounds were isolated from P. oriental for the first time.</p>

Study on RP-HPLC fingerprint of compound hongcao injection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the fingerprint detecting standard of Compound Hongcao Injection by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chromatographic conditions were as follows: an Inersil-ODS-3 column was used; the mobile phases (acetontrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid) with gradient elution; the flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the UV absorbance detection at 300 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under the same selected chromatographic conditions, the HPLC fingerprints of raw drugs and their intermediate, finished products were obtained with good separation and correlation according to the technical requirements of fingerprint on Injection of Chinese traditional medicine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>17 common peaks as well as their retention times and peak area ratios on HPLC fingerprint can be used as the important parameters of the quality control for Compound Hongcao Injection.</p>

Qualitative and quantitative studies on qianliebeixi capsules / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method of quality control on qianliebeixi capsules.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To clarify semen vaccarine by TLC, to determinate the contents of quertin and kaempferol in prepations, by HPLC. Chromatographic conditions: C18 column with METH-0.2%H3PO4(47:53) as mobile phase; the temperature of column was 40 degrees C, and quercetin was detected at 370 nm with flowing rate 1 ml/min.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The spots of semen vaccarine were clear in TLC, no interference in negative contrast. The average recovery rate of quertin was 98.9% and the RSD was 2.2%; the average recovery rate in kaempferol was 100.4% and the RSD was 1.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The resolution of spots were perfect in TLC, the spots were easy to distinguish, The method is simple, rapid as well as reproducible and can control the quality of qianliebeixi capsules effectively.</p>