RESUMO
In the present study, the protective effects of gypenosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on fatty liver disease (FLD) were examined in rats treated with high fat and cholesterol diet and alcohol. Male SD rats were divided into seven groups: control, model, lovastatin, silymarin, gypenosides high-, medium- and low-treatment groups. The latter 6 groups were fed high-fat and cholesterol diet and administered alcohol intragastricly once a day. Body weight was measured every week for 10 weeks, and the hepatic index was measured after 10 weeks. Compared with model group, levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and hepatocyte apoptosis were significantly decreased in gypenosides groups; while serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both serum and hepatic tissue and mRNA and protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) were significantly increased. Moreover, hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial damage were improved. These results suggested that gypenosides could prevent liver fatty degeneration in fatty liver disease through modulating lipid metabolism, ameliorating liver dysfunction and reducing oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Colesterol na Dieta , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/prevenção & controle , Fígado Gorduroso/prevenção & controle , Gynostemma , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Colesterol na Dieta/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Citoproteção , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/sangue , Fígado Gorduroso/sangue , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Fígado Gorduroso/genética , Fígado Gorduroso/patologia , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/sangue , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/etiologia , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/genética , Fígado Gorduroso Alcoólico/patologia , Gynostemma/química , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , PPAR alfa/efeitos dos fármacos , PPAR alfa/genética , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Substâncias Protetoras/isolamento & purificação , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report Demodex infestation in pediatric blepharoconjunctivitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of 12 patients, with ages from 2.5-11 years, with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis who failed to respond to conventional treatments. Demodex was detected by lash sampling and microscopic examination. Patients were treated with 50% tea tree oil (TTO) eyelid scrubs or 5% TTO ointment eyelid massages for 4-6 weeks. RESULTS: Demodex mites were found in all, but 1 case had cylindrical dandruff in the lashes. After 1 week of TTO treatment, all patients showed dramatic resolution of ocular irritation and inflammation while Demodex counts dropped. All corneal signs resolved within 2 weeks except for a residual anterior stromal scar in 1 eye. During a follow-up period of 8.3 ± 4.6 months, 1 patient showed recurrent inflammation, which was successfully managed by a second round of TTO treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Demodicosis should be considered as a potential cause of pediatric refractory blepharoconjunctivitis. Eyelid scrubs or massage with TTO could be an effective treatment regimen in these cases.