Effect of Naoluoxintong formula and its split prescriptions on cerebral vascular regeneration in rats with the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To observe regulatory effect of Naoluoxintong formula (, NLXT) and its split prescriptions on vascular regeneration of rats suffering from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) syndrome of Qi deficiency with blood stasis (QDBS). METHODS: NLXT is the representative prescription of Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo decoction, and NLXT is divided into Yiqi herbs and Huoxue Tongluo herbs according to their efficacies. One hundred and eight specific-pathogen-free, clean-grade, Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected to prepare the classical rat model with QDBS due to middle artery ischemia-reperfusion using the multi-factor compound simulation approach. The animals were classified into sham operation (S), model (M), Nimodping (NMDP), NLXT, YQ and HXTL groups, each having 18 rats. Cerebral ischemia was reperfused after 2 h, and 24 h later, they were administered traditional Chinese medicine treatment for 14 d twice a day. Angiogenesis changes after NLXT administration to middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats with QDBS were analyzed using the neurological deficit score and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cerebral infarct area by 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride was detected, and the ultrastructure of the blood vessel in the ischemic frontoparietal cortex was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), angiopoietin receptor 2 (Tie2), and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein levels in the frontal and parietal cortex were quantified by immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting assays. RESULTS: Relative to the S group, VEGFA and VEGFR2 levels in the frontal and parietal cortex of group M were increased, and Ang1, Ang2, Tie2, CD31, and p38 MAPK levels remarkably increased (P < 0.05); cerebral infarct area was significant and pathological morphology and ultrastructure damage was obvious. Relative to the group M, VEGFA, VEGFR2, CD31, Ang1, Ang2, and Tie2 expression of group NLXT and NMDP remarkably elevated (P < 0.05) and infarct focus, pathological morphology and ultrastructure were significantly improved; VEGFA and VEGFR2 levels in the groups YQ and HXTL increased, and Ang1, Ang2, CD31, and Tie2 levels remarkably increased (P < 0.05); p38 MAPK levels in the three treatment groups decreased (P < 0.05). Relative to the group NLXT, the expression levels of p38 MAPK in group YQ and group HXTL were significantly increased, and the expression levels of other indicators were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: NLXT can promote the angiogenesis of the rat model of MCAO/R with QDBS by activating VEGFA and inhibiting P38 MAPK, and the effect is better than that of split prescription groups.

The domestic hotspots research of formative assessment based on the knowledge map analysis / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To summarize and analyze the present situation, hotspot and development trend of the research and practice about the formative assessment in Chinese medical teaching reform by bibliometrics, and provide a quantitative method for the study of formative assessment. Methods We took 567 journals about formative assessment from CNKI database as the research object, making co-word clus-tering and multidimensional scaling analysis as the main research method, and using Bicomb co-word anal-ysis software and SPSS to complete content data statistics and analysis. Result The knowledge map of formative assessment research can be divided into 7 fields: field 1 shows that most studies are mainly focused on practical research, the effectiveness evaluation on application are mainly focused on the improve-ment of students' independent learning ability. The proportion of research in traditional Chinese medicine colleges or universities is increasing, researches of clinical teaching take an important position, and nursing educations are paying more attention as well. Field 2 and field 4 show the synchronization between assess-ment reform and teaching content/strategy reform. Field 3 presents the general situation of teaching evaluation research in higher vocational colleges. Field 5 shows the theme of exploring the establishment of a formative assessment system . Field 6 shows the differences and similarities between examination and assessment . Field 7 shows the overview of medical English courses. Conclusion In the future, we should actively carry out the construction and exploration of the formative assessment system that conforms to China's national conditions, and attach importance to the construction of the sharing platform. We should avoid duplication of research , attach importance to the study and understanding of theoretical connotation and strengthen training, supervision and management.

Acupuncture for the stroke patients with tinnitus, hearing loss by using the twirling ;reinforcing method / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of acupuncture for the stroke patients with tinnitus, hearing loss by using the twirling reinforcing method. Methods A total of 92 tinnitus, hearing loss patients with stroke were included and divided into the observation group and control group by random number table method, 47 in the observation group and 45 in the control group. Patients in both groups were needled at Tinggong, Tinghui, Yifeng in the affected side, and Zhongzhu, Waiguan, Sanyinjiao, Taichong and Taixi in both sides. Patients in the observation group were needled at Taixi and Sanyinjiao using the twirling reinforcing method, but those in the control group needled at Taixi and Sanyinjiao using the needle retention method. Patients in both groups were also treated with semiconductor laser therapy and ultrashort wave therapy. All patients were treated for 20 days. The Tinnitus Severity Scale and the clinical effect were evaluated. Results After the treatment, the Tinnitus Severity Scale scores in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (5.04 ± 3.24 vs. 5.67 ± 3.55; t=-0.880, P>0.05). The improvement rate in tinnitus in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (38.3%vs.17.8%;χ2=17.391, P=0.000). The improvement rate in hearing loss showed no significant difference between two groups (38.3%vs. 31.1%;χ2=8.522, P=0.004). Conclusions Acupuncture using the twirling reinforcing method may relieve tinnitus of the stroke patients with tinnitus, hearing loss.

Effect of Acupuncture Combined with Doctor-nurse Cooperation Mode on Stroke-associated Pneumonia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture combined with doctor-nurse cooperation mode on stroke-associated pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. Methods 67 patients of acute stroke within 1 week in our hospital from March, 2013 to January, 2015 were randomly divided into control group (n=35) and treatment group (n=32). Both groups received neurological routine treatment and systematic rehabilitation training by professional physiotherapists under general nursing mode. The treatment group received acupuncture treatment under doctor-nurse cooperation mode additionally. Incidence of stroke-associated pneumonia, swallow function and aspiration rate were recorded. Results Compared with the control group, the incidence of stroke-associated pneumonia significantly decreased in the treat-ment group after treatment (χ2=4.615, P=0.032). The retention volume of epiglottic vallecula and pyriform sinus (tdilute barium=21.01, tthick barium=19.85), the duration of pharynx period (tdilute barium=17.03, tthick barium=13.68), and the start time of pharynx period (tdilute barium=19.63, tthick barium=17.86) were less in the treatment group than in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined doctor-nurse cooperation mode may decrease the rates of aspiration and stroke-associated pneumonia in acute stroke patients through improving their swallow function.

Interpretation ofof the version 2014 / 中国针灸

) was updated in 2014 on the basis of the version 2011. Inof the updated version, the evidence quality grade and GRADE were adopted for the evidence evaluation and recommendation grading in methodology, and the clinical feasibility was stressed. In text, the recognition of modern medicine was updated, the sta-ging treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion was emphasized, the inclusive articles were expanded and the important indexes of efficacy evaluation were increased and highlighted. The paper aims to provide the instruction for the application ofof the version 2014.

Effect of Needle Warming Moxibustion on Cognitive Dysfunction after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of needle warming moxibustion on cognitive dysfunction after stroke. Methods 76 stroke pa-tients with cognitive dysfunction were randomly divided into treatment group (n=38) and control group (n=38). The treatment group re-ceived needle warming moxibustion and routine rehabilitation for 4 weeks, while the control group only received routine rehabilitation. They were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and activities of daily living (ADL) scale before and after treatment. Re-sults The score of MoCA and ADL improved in both groups (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) after treatment. Conclusion Needle warming moxibustion could improve cognitive function in patients after stroke and activities of daily living.

Effect of Acupuncture Combined with Moxibustion on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Post-stroke Depression / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with moxibustion on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with post-stroke depression. Methods 120 patients were divided into control group (n=60) and treatment group (n=60). Both groups took fluox-etine and accepted acupuncture therapy, and the treatment group accepted moxibustion additionally. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) and the change of HRV were compared before and after treatment. Results The score of HAMD was lower, and the reductive ratio was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The standard deviation of the mean of qualified normal sinus in-terval (SDNN) and standard deviation of sequential five-minute R-R interval means (SDANN) increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The root mean square differences of successive R-R inter-vals (RMSSD) and percentage of differences between adjacent normal sinus intervals greater than 50 ms (PNN50) decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF were higher in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with moxibustion therapy can better adjust the function of autonomic nerve and reduce depres-sion in patients with post-stroke depression.

Effect of Umbilical Moxibustion on Constipation after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the clinical effect of umbilical moxibustion on constipation after stroke. Methods 60 patients were ran-domly divided into observation group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with rehabilitation training once a day, and the observation group received umbilical moxibustion treatment in addition, 1 hour every day, once in 2 days for 2 weeks. Total integral of clinical symptoms was collected and compared. Results The integrals decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.001), and it was lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The clinical effect was better in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Umbilical moxibustion can further improve the symptom of post-stroke constipation.

Effect of Scalp Acupuncture plus MOTOmed Virtual Scene Training on Gross Motor Function and ADL in Patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of scalp acupuncture plus MOTOmed virtual scene training on gross motor function and ADL in patients with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods Thirty patients with spastic cerebral palsy meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to a treatment group of 12 cases and a control group of 18 cases. The control group received routine rehabilitation therapy and the treatment group, scalp acupuncture plus MOTOmed virtual scene training in addition. Adductor, gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle tensions were determined using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), gross motor function was measured using the Gross Motor Scale and the activities of daily living were assessed using the ADL in the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in adductor, gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle tensions in the treatment group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in adductor muscle tension in the control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle tensions between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the foot dorsiflexion angle and popliteal fossa angle in the treatment group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant pre-/post-treatment difference in the posterior femoral angle in the control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the foot dorsiflexion angle and popliteal fossa angle between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the GMFM score and the ADL score in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the GMFM score and the ADL score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Scalp acupuncture plus MOTOmed virtual scene training is an effective way to treat spastic cerebral palsy. It can improve gross motor function and the ADL score in the patients.

Effect of Acupuncture Combined with Moxibustion on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Post-stroke Depression / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with moxibustion on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with post-stroke depression. Methods 120 patients were divided into control group (n=60) and treatment group (n=60). Both groups took fluoxetine and accepted acupuncture therapy, and the treatment group accepted moxibustion additionally. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) and the change of HRV were compared before and after treatment. Results The score of HAMD was lower, and the reductive ratio was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The standard deviation of the mean of qualified normal sinus interval (SDNN) and standard deviation of sequential five-minute R-R interval means (SDANN) increased in both groups after treatment (P< 0.05), and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The root mean square differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) and percentage of differences between adjacent normal sinus intervals greater than 50 ms (PNN50) decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF were higher in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with moxibustion therapy can better adjust the function of autonomic nerve and reduce depression in patients with post-stroke depression.

Effect of Needle Warming Moxibustion on Cognitive Dysfunction after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of needle warming moxibustion on cognitive dysfunction after stroke. Methods 76 stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction were randomly divided into treatment group (n=38) and control group (n=38). The treatment group received needle warming moxibustion and routine rehabilitation for 4 weeks, while the control group only received routine rehabilitation. They were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and activities of daily living (ADL) scale before and after treatment. Results The score of MoCA and ADL improved in both groups (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) after treatment. Conclusion Needle warming moxibustion could improve cognitive function in patients after stroke and activities of daily living.

The roles of traditional Chinese medicine in gene therapy / 中西医结合学报

The field of gene therapy has been increasingly studied in the last four decades, and its clinical application has become a reality in the last 15 years. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, has evolved over thousands of years with its own unique system of theories, diagnostics and therapies. TCM is well-known for its various roles in preventing and treating infectious and chronic diseases, and its usage in other modern clinical practice. However, whether TCM can be applied alongside gene therapy is a topic that has not been systematically examined. Here we provide an overview of TCM theories in relation to gene therapy. We believe that TCM theories are congruent with some principles of gene therapy. TCM-derived drugs may also act as gene therapy vehicles, therapeutic genes, synergistic therapeutic treatments, and as co-administrated drugs to reduce side effects. We also discuss in this review some possible approaches to combine TCM and gene therapy.

The correlation between position and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine / 国际中医中药杂志

We found that medicine property and efficacy are closely linked with the shape and nature of the position of Chinese material medical through Collecting and analyzing the related articles, such as Root-based Chinese material medical has downside effect, Skin-based Chinese material medical has skin curative efficacy, Rattan-based Chinese material medical can live blood links contact us, Seed-based Chinese material medical can be used to multiply for life and so on. At last, the paper can provide a reference for the theoretical study of Chinese herbal medicine and the discovery of new drug source.

Effect of Acupuncture Combined with Moxibustion on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Post-stroke Depression / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with moxibustion on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with post-stroke depression. Methods 120 patients were divided into control group (n=60) and treatment group (n=60). Both groups took fluoxetine and accepted acupuncture therapy, and the treatment group accepted moxibustion additionally. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) and the change of HRV were compared before and after treatment. Results The score of HAMD was lower, and the reductive ratio was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The standard deviation of the mean of qualified normal sinus interval (SDNN) and standard deviation of sequential five-minute R-R interval means (SDANN) increased in both groups after treatment (P< 0.05), and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The root mean square differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) and percentage of differences between adjacent normal sinus intervals greater than 50 ms (PNN50) decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and were lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF were higher in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with moxibustion therapy can better adjust the function of autonomic nerve and reduce depression in patients with post-stroke depression.

Effect of Needle Warming Moxibustion on Cognitive Dysfunction after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of needle warming moxibustion on cognitive dysfunction after stroke. Methods 76 stroke patients with cognitive dysfunction were randomly divided into treatment group (n=38) and control group (n=38). The treatment group received needle warming moxibustion and routine rehabilitation for 4 weeks, while the control group only received routine rehabilitation. They were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and activities of daily living (ADL) scale before and after treatment. Results The score of MoCA and ADL improved in both groups (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) after treatment. Conclusion Needle warming moxibustion could improve cognitive function in patients after stroke and activities of daily living.

Exploring the effects of Chinese medicine in improving uterine endometrial blood flow for increasing the successful rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer / 中西医结合学报

Endometrial blood flow is directly related to endometrial receptivity thereby affecting in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes. In recent years a growing number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can play a role to improve endometrial blood flow and embryo transfer. Studies have confirmed that formulas based on reinforcing kidney and activating blood can promote the formation of uterine endometrial blood vessels by adjusting expressions of a variety of vessel growth factors, and regulating nitric oxide level for inhibition of vascular smooth muscle contraction of the uterus. Treatments based on differentiation of syndromes are key to the theory of TCM. Differentiation of syndromes should be combined with biomedical disease diagnosis. It is also necessary to further clarify other endometrial blood flow disorders using TCM diagnostic methods. In these cases, drugs for reinforcing kidney and activating blood are relevant, but other medicines for smoothing liver qi and nourishing blood, as well as tonifying the spleen and generating blood may also be effective. Future clinical studies should focus on the observation of different types of TCM syndromes and the research on compatibility ratio and dose-dependent relationship of Chinese medicines. Acupuncture has been used during IVF-ET for more than 10 years. Electro-acupuncture can control the expansion of the uterine arteries by inhibiting the sympathetic nerves. However, acupuncture has not been proved to regulate endometrial arteries. To sum up, TCM can be applied to improve endometrial blood flow so as to increase birth rates in IVF-ET. The combination of Chinese and Western medicines and acupuncture application will increase their combined effect, thereby obtaining greater clinical benefits.

Preventive effects of a sachet of Chinese herbs on influenza and its immune regulation / 中西医结合学报

To study the clinical efficacy of Pihui Fanggan Sachet (PHFGS), a sachet of traditional Chinese herbs, in preventing influenza and its immune regulation on mice.

Skin Slice as a Model for the Investigation of the Role of Mast Cells in Acupuncture Effects / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Obiective:To establish a new and better model to investigate the properties of mast cells that couldbe involved in acupuncture process mechanisms.Methods:Connective tissue under the conum at the area of acupuncture point Zusanli(ST 36)from rat was acutely bluntly separated with forceps and scissors。And incubated in bath solution up to several hours.Mast cells in slices of that tissue were irradiated with laser light of 650 mn,and changes in the appearance were observed under mlcroscope. In addition.patch.clamp technique in whole-cell configuration was employed to induce mechano-sensitive currents by pressure applied through the patch pipette.Results:1)A high density of mast cells embedded in the extracellular matrix was detected in the tissue slices using toluidine blue staining.The mast cells survived for up to several hours;2)Laser irradiation for 10 min(40 mW) resulted in fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane of the mast-cell surface;3)Whole.cell currents increased when pressure gradients of-30 cm,-60 cm or-90 cm H20 were applied,the response was attenuated in the presence of 1 0 u M Ruthenium Red(a common blocker of channels 0f the vallinoid.sensitive transient receptor potential family TRPV).Conclusion:The skin tissue slice of rat Zusanli(ST 36)may be used as a model to investigate the role of mast cells in acupuncture.t he results obtained in this model support the suggestion that skin mast cells play a role In laser as well as mechanical acupuncture and TRPV channels may be involved in acupuncture effects.

Thoughts about undergraduate education of traditional Chinese medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Nowadays undergraduate education of TCM is still the principal method to train professionals,which played a significant role in the theoretical study and clinical practice of TCM.However,there were still some problems in the TCM students'education,such as lack of TCM characteristics in course system,scarcity of culture basis,decline in the thinking and clinical practice abilities,etc.Combined with the experience in undergraduate education of TCM,the author advanced a few proposals to solve these questions.