RESUMO
Str. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to penicillin, all to also ofloxacin and chloramphenicol and cefotaxim and 39 (100%) to cotrimoxazol. Concerning S. aureus, all isolates 22 were susceptible to oxacillin and chloramphenicol, and 21 also to cotrimoxazol. All N. meningitidis isolates but one-10 of all were susceptible to penicillin, all to cefotaxim, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazol. All H.influenzae isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, as well as to ofloxacin and cotrimoxazol. Those surprisingly high susceptibilities to rather "old" antibiotics may be explained by low antibiotic consumption, accessibility and therefore low usage which is a key promoter of resistance both in community and hospital.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Meningites Bacterianas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neisseria meningitidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Cefotaxima/uso terapêutico , Cloranfenicol/uso terapêutico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Infecções por Haemophilus/complicações , Infecções por Haemophilus/tratamento farmacológico , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Meningites Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Meningites Bacterianas/etiologia , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Neisseria meningitidis/isolamento & purificação , Ofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/complicações , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
From the second semester of 2002 to the end of the first semester of 2005, a total of 2544 bacterial strains were isolated from the blood stream of patients with clinical sepsis and bacteremia hospitalized in six University Hospitals in the Slovak Republic. Almost 30% of strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS), about 14% were Staphylococcus aureus and, of the Gram-negative bacteria, up to 9% were Klebsiella pneumoniae. All CONS, S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. strains were found to be still susceptible to vancomycin, but the resistance of CONS and/or S. aureus to macrolides and fluoroquinolones dramatically increased during the period of this study. Among Gram-negative bacteria, increasing levels of resistance to higher generation cephalosporins, to fluoroquinolones resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. to meropenem was recorded, which is alarming. The results were periodically submitted to cooperating hospitals with proposals for rationalizing the prophylactic and general use of indicated antibiotics as well as for improving hospital hygiene measures and anti-epidemic practices.