Corrigendum to "Selection of quality markers of Jasminum amplexicaule based on its anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory activities: Effect-target affiliation-traceability-pharmacokinetics strategy" [Chinese Herbal Medicines 11 (2019) 379-386].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.08.002.].

Liver metabolomics study reveals protective function of Phyllanthus urinaria against CCl4-induced liver injury.

Phyllanthus Urinaria L. (PUL) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat hepatic and renal disorders. However, the mechanism of its hepatoprotective action is not fully understood. In the present study, blood biochemical indexes and liver histopathological changes were used to estimate the extent of hepatic injury. GC/MS and LC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used in combination to characterize the potential biomarkers associated with the protective activity of PUL against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. PUL treatment could reverse the increase in ALT, AST and ALP induced by CCl4 and attenuate the pathological changes in rat liver. Significant changes in liver metabolic profiling were observed in PUL-treated group compared with liver injury model group. Seventeen biomarkers related to the hepatoprotective effects of PUL against CCl4-induced liver injury were screened out using nonparametric test and Pearson's correlation analysis (OPLS-DA). The results suggested that the potential hepatoprotective effects of PUL in attenuating CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity could be partially attributed to regulating L-carnitine, taurocholic acid, and amino acids metabolism, which may become promising targets for treatment of liver toxicity. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of the hepatoprotection of Phyllanthus Urinaria.

Effect of Phyllanthus amarus Extract on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Perturbations in Ribonucleotide and Deoxyribonucleotide Pools in HepG2 Cell Line.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor activities of Phyllanthus amarus (PHA) and its potential of herb-drug interactions with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Cell viability, ribonucleotides (RNs) and deoxyribonucleotides (dRNs) levels, cell cycle distribution, and expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR) proteins were measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Our standardized PHA extract showed toxicity to HepG2 cells at high concentrations after 72 h exposure and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Combined use of 5-FU with PHA resulted in significant decreases in ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP and dTTP levels, while AMP, CMP, GMP and dUMP levels increased significantly compared with use of 5-FU alone. Further, PHA could increase the role of cell cycle arrest at S phase induced by 5-FU. Although PHA alone had no direct impact on TS and RR, PHA could change the levels of RNs and dRNs when combined with 5-FU. This may be due to cell cycle arrest or regulation of key enzyme steps in intracellular RNs and dRNs metabolism.

Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of esterified-derivatives of mangiferin.

AIM: To synthesize three novel esterified-derivatives of mangiferin and evaluate their hypoglycemic activities. METHODS: Acetic, propionic, and butyric anhydride were reacted with mangiferin, respectively. The hypoglycemic activity of the derivatives was evaluated using a hyperglycemic mouse model induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and the islet cells were checked by biopsy inspection. RESULTS: 7, 2', 3', 4', 6'-penta-acetyl-mangiferin (PAM), 3, 6, 7, 2', 3', 4', 6'-hepta-propionyl-mangiferin (HPM) and 3, 6, 7, 2', 3', 4'-hexa-butyryl-mangiferin (HBM) were synthesized and their structures were identified by MS,(1)H, (13)C NMR, and 2D NMR. These three compounds were reported for the first time. PAM group (0.5, 0.25 mmol·kg(-1)), HPM group (0.5, 0.25 mmol·kg(-1)), and HBM group (0.5, 0.25, 0.125 mmol·kg(-1)) mice showed strong hypoglycemic activity (P < 0.01); mangiferin group (1, 0.5 mmol·kg(-1)), PAM group (0.125 mmol·kg(-1)) and HPM group (0.125 mmol·kg(-1)) showed marginal hypoglycemic activity (P < 0.05); mangiferin group (0.25 mmol·kg(-1)) had the potential for a hypoglycemic effect, although it did not demonstrate that statistically. In histological examination, the islet cells of the PAM, HPM, and HBM groups could recover from the STZ damage; islet cells of the mangiferin group could recover also, but less than the esterified-derivative groups. CONCLUSION: Derivatives could repair the damaged islet cells, and had higher lipid-solubility and stronger hypoglycemic activity than mangiferin itself. There existed a structure activity effect, and a solubility effect relationship: the larger esterification moieties, or the higher lipid-solubility, the stronger the hypoglycemic activity (no ester → acetyl → propionyl → butyryl). Esterified derivatives of mangiferin are potential compounds for new anti-diabetes drugs.

[Analysis of compositions of the essential oil from Curcuma aromatica by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the compositions of the essential oil from the rhizome of Curcuma aromatica in Guangxi. METHODS: The essential oil from the rhizome of Curcuma aromatica was extrated by steam distillation and analysed by GC-MS. RESULTS: 50 chemical constituents accounting for 93.11% of total content were identified. CONCLUSION: The main components are eucalyptol (53.86%), neocurdione (9.89%), linalool (4.24%), camphor (3.14%), alpha-terpineol (2.94%) and germacrone (2.89%).

[Study on the volatile oil of Murraya exotica].

OBJECTIVE: To study the volatile oil of Murraya exotica. METHODS: The volatile oil of Murraya exotica was extracted by steam-stilling and was identified by GC-MS-DS. RESULTS: More than 90 compounds were separated, and 59 compounds were identified, accounting for 93.9% of the total essential oil of Murraya exotica. The major constituents of volatile oil were bicyclogermacrene (26.0%), beta-caryophyllene (20.8%), alpha-caryophyllene (5.8%), delta-cadinene (4.7%), spathulenol (4.3%), trans-alpha-bergamotene (4.1%), germacrene D (3.7%), beta-bisabolene (3.0%), ar-Curcumene (2.5%). CONCLUSION: The major components of Murraya exotica are the terpenoids, including 80.6% of sesquiterpenoids and 11.9% of monoterpenoids. Bicyclogermacrene is identified in Murraya genus for the first time.

[A new flavonol glycoside from Baeckea Frutescens L].

To study the chemical constituents of the traditional Chinese herb Baeckea Frutescens L., a new flavonol glycoside, named 6, 8-dimethylkaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (1), together with seven known compounds: quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (3), myricetin (4), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (5), gallic acid (6), ursolic acid (7) and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2'-methoxylpropionyl)-5-methoxy-6-methylbenzene (8) were isolated by using silica gel column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography and recrytallization. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time and compound 8 was first isolated from plant.

[Study on quality analysis of essential oil from twig and leaf of Baeckea frutescens].

OBJECTIVE: To provide scientific methods for quality criterion by studying the chemical components of essential oil from Baeckea frutescens. METHOD: The chemical components of essential oil from B. frutescens were identified by GC-MS-DS, TLC and capillary GC. The relative contents of main components were determined by area normalization. RESULT: More than 50 peaks were separated, and 38 components were identified, which accounted for over 94% of the total GC peaks areas of the essential oil. The methods for quality evaluation of essential oil from B. frutescens by TLC and capillary GC were established. CONCLUSION: The chemical components of essential oil from B. frutescens collected from different habitats and collecting periods have common characteristics as well as differences. Some components, such as linalool, can be used as a standard and chromatography fingerprint to analyze the quality of essential oil from B. frutescens.