Assessment of 28 trace elements and 17 amino acid levels in muscular tissues of broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) suffering from arsenic trioxide.

The contents of 28 trace elements, 17 amino acid were evaluated in muscular tissues (wings, crureus and pectoralis) of chickens in response to arsenic trioxide (As2O3). A total of 200 one-day-old male Hy-line chickens were fed either a commercial diet (C-group) or an As2O3 supplement diet containing 7.5mg/kg (L-group), 15mg/kg (M-group) or 30mg/kg (H-group) As2O3 for 90 days. The elements content was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Under As2O3 exposure, the concentration of As were elevated 8.87-15.76 fold, 7.93-15.63 fold and 5.94-12.45 fold in wings, crureus and pectoralis compared to the corresponding C-group, respectively. 19 element levels (lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), kalium (K), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), 9 element levels (K, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Sr, Sn, Ba and Hg) and 4 element levels (Mn, cobalt (Co), As, Sr and Ba) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in wing, crureus and pectoralis, respectively. 2 element levels (sodium (Na) and zinc (Zn)), 5 element levels (Li, Na, Si, titanium (Ti and Cr), 13 element levels (Li, Na, Mg, K, V, Cr, iron (Fe), Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Hg and Pb) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in wing muscle, crureus and pectoralis, respectively. Additionally, in crureus and pectoralis, the content of total amino acids (TAA) was no significant alterations in L and M-group and then increased approximately 10.2% and 7.6% in H-group, respectively (P < 0.05). In wings, the level of total amino acids increased approximately 10% in L-group, whereas it showed unchanged in M and H-group compared to the corresponding C-group. We also observed that significantly increased levels of proline, cysteine, aspartic acid, methionine along with decrease in the tyrosine levels in muscular tissues compared to the corresponding C-group. In conclusion, the residual of As in the muscular tissues of chickens were dose-dependent and disrupts trace element homeostasis, amino acids level in muscular tissues of chickens under As2O3 exposure. Additionally, the response (trace elements and amino acids) were different in wing, thigh and pectoral of chick under As2O3 exposure. This study provided references for further study of heavy metal poisoning and may be helpful to understanding the toxicological mechanism of As2O3 exposure in muscular tissues of chickens.

The pharmacodynamic active components study of Tibetan medicine Gentianopsis paludosa on ulcerative colitis fibrosis.

The current study focused on the pharmacodynamic activity components of Gentianopsis paludosa against ulcerative colitis (UC) fibrosis including symptoms of intestinal diarrhea and inflammatory. Trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid induced UC model rats were gavaged with gradient polarity extracts respectively from ethanol-extract of Gentianopsis paludosa. Masson staining and qRT-PCR methods were respectively used to assess the degree of UC fibrosis and detect the mRNA expressions of collagen I, collagen III, a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin in colon tissue. Separated by silica gel column chromatography, further screening was conducted until active components appeared. Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and ultraviolet methods were applied to confirm active components' structures. The results indicated that the expression of collagen I, collagen III and α-SMA mRNA in the colon tissues of acetidin group rats was obviously depressed compared with control groups while E-cadherin displayed just opposite. Dyed in blue indicating UC fibrosis degree, the area of acetidin group was less than that other experimental groups. Four components: (1,8-Dihydroxy-3,7-Dimethoxyxanthones, 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-Trimethoxyxanthones, 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,8-Dimethoxyxanthones and 1-hydroxy-3,7-Dimethoxyxanthones), were obtained from acetidin group and all of which have a significant equivalence to Gentianopsis paludosa on the therapeutic effect of UC fibrosis. Our findings revealed the activity components for clinical application history of Gentianopsis paludosa and provided a preliminary foundation for further new drug research and exploitation.

[Differences of selenium uptake pattern of pakchoi and the possible mechanism when amended with selenate and selenite].

In order to produce selenium-enriched crops and provide a theoretical basis of phytoremediation to selenium contaminated soil, pot experiment and lab analysis were carried out to examine the differences of selenium uptake pattern and bioavailability to pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) when amended with selenate and selenite. Meanwhile, dynamic changes of soil available Se was analyzed to explore the reason. The results showed that no significant differences in pakchoi shoot biomass between selenate and selenite treatment were observed. The Se concentration in pakchoi decreased rapidly across time in the selenate treatments, while increased with the growing period in the selenite treatments. For the selenate treatments, the pakchoi shoot Se concentration was significantly higher than that in roots, but the opposite results were found in the selenite treatments. In the whole growth period of pakchoi, Se concentration in selenate treatment was 2-60 times higher of that in selenite treatments. The content of available Se in soil slightly decreased with the growth of pakchoi in the selenite treatments, but it decreased rapidly in the selenate treatments. The significant correlations between soil available Se and Se concentration in shoots and roots of pakchoi was found in selenate treatments, the correlation coefficients were 0.901 and 0.864, respectively. On the contrast, no significant correlation was observed between soil available Se and Se concentration of roots and shoots in selenite treatments. The results indicated that the differences between the Se uptake pattern of selenate and selenite on pakchoi were the comprehensive function of the ability of soil providing Se and crop uptake ability.

[Study on fingerprint of shengxuening tablets].

To establish a method for studying fingerprint of Shengxuening tablets. With chlorin e6 as the reference substance, SHISEIDO Capcell-pak C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) analytical column was adopted and eluted with 0.2% formic acid ( containing 20 mmol x L(-1) TBAB) (A) and acetonitrile-methanol-acetone (50: 50: 5) (B). The detection wavelength was set 392 nm. The volume flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The temperature of column was 45 degrees C. Totally 10 common peaks were indicated on the HPLC fingerprint, with RSDs for variable retention values in common peaks below 0.50%. UPLC/DAD/Q-TOF-MS xevo G2 Q-TOF LC/MS was adopted to preliminarily indentify six chromatographic peaks. The main ingredient in Shengxuening tablets was ferrous derivative, which was mainly composed of Fe chlorin p6, Fe chlorin e6 and Fe isochlorin e4.