RESUMO
In Brassicaceae, a self-incompatibility (SI) system mediates pollen-pistil interactions. Self-pollen could be recognized and rejected by incompatible pistils. Several components involved in the SI response have been determined, including S-locus receptor kinase (SRK), S-locus cysteine-rich protein/S-locus protein 11, and arm repeat-containing protein 1 (ARC1). However, the components involved in the SI system of Brassicaceae are not fully understood. Here, we detected expression patterns of 24 SI-related genes in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp chinensis Makino) after compatible and incompatible pollination, and potential interaction relationships of these genes were predicted. SRK and ARC1 transcripts increased initially 0.25 h after incompatible pollination, while kinase-associated protein phosphatase had an expression pattern that was opposite that of SRK transcripts during self-pollination. Plant U-box 8 was not required in the SI response of non-heading Chinese cabbage. Our results showed that the SI signal of non-heading Chinese cabbage could occur within 0.25 h after self-pollination. The hypothetical interaction relationships indicated that plastid-lipid-associated protein and malate dehydrogenase could be negatively regulated by chaperonin 10, glutathione transferase, cytidylate kinase/uridylate kinase, and methionine synthase by indirect interactions. Our findings could be helpful to better understand potential roles of these components in the SI system of non-heading Chinese cabbage.
Assuntos
Brassica/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Glicoproteínas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Polinização/genética , Proteínas Quinases/genética , 5-Metiltetra-Hidrofolato-Homocisteína S-Metiltransferase/genética , 5-Metiltetra-Hidrofolato-Homocisteína S-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Brassica/classificação , Brassica/metabolismo , Chaperonina 10/genética , Chaperonina 10/metabolismo , Flores/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Malato Desidrogenase/genética , Malato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Metaloendopeptidases/genética , Metaloendopeptidases/metabolismo , Núcleosídeo-Fosfato Quinase/genética , Núcleosídeo-Fosfato Quinase/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatases/genética , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatases/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Pólen/genética , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
Comparative epidemiological studies with ecological and case-control approaches in high- and low-epidemic areas of China have provided us with much evidence with regard to risk and benefit in the environment. To clarify how dietary factors are involved in esophageal and stomach cancer development, we performed a case-control study in a low-epidemic area, and compared the findings with those obtained earlier for a high-epidemic area for stomach cancer in the same Jiangsu Province, China. We recruited 199 and 187 cases with esophageal and stomach cancers, respectively, and 333 population-based common controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for esophageal and stomach cancers were calculated with adjustment for potential confounding factors, using an unconditional logistic model. Current and former smoking elevated the OR for esophageal cancer, along with high intake of pickled vegetables and broiled meat, while decreased ORs were observed for frequently consumed raw vegetables and garlic. With regard to stomach cancer, ORs were increased with frequent consumption of salty fish, leftover gruel, and broiled meat, and lowered by snap bean consumption. The present risk factors were common to the previously obtained results in the high-epidemic area, and similarly distributed in each general population. While more protective factors were observed in the high-epidemic area, their penetrance was much greater in the low-epidemic area. The present study thus suggests that frequent vegetable and garlic consumption contributes to low mortality rates for esophageal and stomach cancers in a low-epidemic area, counteracting similar exposure levels for risk factors as in the high-epidemic area.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Culinária , Ingestão de Líquidos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , CháRESUMO
There is a low risk area for gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China, where people frequently consume raw allium vegetables. As a first step epidemiological study to clarify the factors involved in the low incidence of gastric cancer, we conducted a comparative study of the ecological factors in a high risk area (HRA), Yangzhong, and a low risk area (LRA), Pizhou, using a questionnaire. Subjects were selected from the general population according to age and sex, and comprised 414 residents of the HRA and 425 residents of the LRA. Ecological factors were compared for the two areas by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method, age-adjusted. Smoking and drinking habits were found to be more common in the LRA. On the other hand, allium vegetables were consumed in the LRA much more frequently, with high consumption of raw vegetables fruit, tomatoes, kidney beans and soybean products. People who consumed garlic en masse 3 times or more per week were 82% of men and 75% of women in the LRA, and 1% of men and women in the HRA. The results of the survey suggest that frequent consumption of allium vegetables, in addition to other anticancer foods, may be a factor in low mortality for gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Allium , Comportamento Alimentar , Estilo de Vida , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Ecologia , Fabaceae , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Plantas Medicinais , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/epidemiologia , Glycine max , Inquéritos e Questionários , VerdurasRESUMO
A double-blind study was performed to test the metabolic effects of tricalcium phosphate (TP) and calcium carbonate (CC) on serum calcium (SCa), serum phosphorus (SP), and immunoreactive intact serum parathyroid hormone (SPTH) levels in two groups of 24 subjects. The mean age of young subjects was 29.5 years, and elderly subjects, 65.9 years. These subjects fasted overnight for 12 hours, but with good hydration, before the tests. Following a 2-hour baseline-urine collection, 1200 mg elemental calcium (as CC or TP in tablet form) was chewed and ingested and 2-hour postload urines were collected. Blood was drawn immediately before and at 1, 2, and 4 hours after calcium load. The results showed that SCa and SP increased, whereas SPTH decreased with both preparations. The increment of SCa was similar after oral load of either calcium salt in both groups. The increment of SP after TP load was more than after CC. The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) increased significantly after both preparations in the young group. The urinary phosphorus/creatinine ratio (UP/Cr) did not change significantly following TP, but decreased significantly after CC load in the young subjects. However, in the elderly individuals, the UP/Cr increased after TP load but did not change following CC, with statistical significance. The difference of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate/creatinine ratio (UcAMP/Cr) was not significant in both groups with either preparation. In summary, there was a similar rise in SCa and an equivalent fall in SPTH between TP and CC, in both young and elderly individuals.