PXL1 and SERKs act as receptor-coreceptor complexes for the CLE19 peptide to regulate pollen development.

Gametophyte development in angiosperms occurs within diploid sporophytic structures and requires coordinated development; e.g., development of the male gametophyte pollen depends on the surrounding sporophytic tissue, the tapetum. The mechanisms underlying this interaction remain poorly characterized. The peptide CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 19 (CLE19) plays a "braking" role in preventing the harmful overexpression of tapetum transcriptional regulators to ensure normal pollen development in Arabidopsis. However, the CLE19 receptor is unknown. Here, we show that CLE19 interacts directly with the PXY-LIKE1 (PXL1) ectodomain and induces PXL1 phosphorylation. PXL1 is also required for the function of CLE19 in maintaining the tapetal transcriptional regulation of pollen exine genes. Additionally, CLE19 induces the interactions of PXL1 with SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) coreceptors required for pollen development. We propose that PXL1 and SERKs act as receptor and coreceptor, respectively, of the extracellular CLE19 signal, thereby regulating tapetum gene expression and pollen development.

[Influence of Kudou Shencha decotion on INF-gamma, ICAM-1, MCP-1 levels of prostate tissue homogenate in immunity prostatitis model rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of Kudou Shencha decotion on INF-y, ICAM-1, MCP-1 levels of prostate tissue homogenate in immunity prostatitis model rats. METHOD: Forty Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: Kudou Shencha decotion group with high dosage and low dosage, Qianleitai group, the model control group and normal group. The rat model of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis was established by multiple hypodermical injection of the suspension of prostatic protein purification with Freund's completed adjuvant. The level of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), interferon gamma (INF-gamma) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT: The content of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 in the model group was higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05), the content of ICAM-1 was obviously decreased in Kudou Shencha decotion group with high dosage (P <0.05), the contents of MCP-1 were all obviously decreased in Kudou Shencha decotion groups and Qianlietai group. Compared with the model group, the contents of INF-gamma in all treatment groups were decreased insignificantly. CONCLUSION: Kudou Shencha decotion has the action of lowering the level of ICAM-1 and MCP-1, which may be one of the mechanisms of Kudou Shencha decotion in the therapy of chronic prostatitis.

[Therapeutic effect of hewei xiaopi capsule for treatment of dyskinesis functional dyspepsia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Hewei Xiaopi Capsule (HXC) in treating patients with dyskinesis functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS: Sixty-three patients with FD were randomly assigned to two groups, 33 in the treated group and 30 in the control group, who were treated respectively with HXC and domperidone for 4 weeks to observe the clinical effect and changes in electrogastrogram (EGG) before and after treatment. RESULTS: Symptoms were alleviated in both groups after treatment, 3 patients in the treated group were cured, the efficacy was judged as markedly effective in 11, effective in 14 and ineffective in 5, while in the control group, 1 cured, 8 markedly effective, 14 effective and 7 ineffective, difference between the two groups showed no statistical significance. EGG showed that in the treated group, the normal slow-wave percentage was 41.93 +/- 18.22 before treatment and 50.86 +/- 16.03 after treatment, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HXC is markedly effective in treating patients with FD.