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1.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 263(Pt 1): 130297, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38382781

RESUMO

In this study, we have successfully produced a corn starch-based composite film through the casting method, formulated with clove essential oil nanoemulsion (NCEO) and corn starch. The physical and chemical changes of the composite films were investigated at various concentrations (10 %, 20 % and 40 %) of NCEO. Furthermore, the non-contact preservation effects of the composite films on bread during 15-day storage were also examined in this study. As the concentration of NCEO increased, the composite films presented a gradual thinning, roughening, and yellowing in appearance. Following this, the water content, water vapor permeability rate, and elongation at break of the films decreased, while their hydrophobicity, tensile strength, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity increased accordingly. Through FT-IR, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis, it was demonstrated that NCEO has strong compatibility with corn starch. Additionally, the indices' analysis indicated that utilizing the composite film incorporating 40 % NCEO can significantly boost the shelf life and quality of bread. Moreover, it was revealed that application of the non-contact treatment with composite film could potentially contribute certain preservation effects towards bread. In light of these findings, the composite film with non-contact treatment exhibits potential as an effective, safe, and sustainable preservation technique for grain products.


Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Syzygium , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleo de Cravo/farmacologia , Óleo de Cravo/química , Amido/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Pão , Permeabilidade , Embalagem de Alimentos
3.
Food Chem ; 412: 135581, 2023 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36731239

RESUMO

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, commonly known as lotus, is a genus comprising perennial and rhizomatous aquatic plants, found throughout Asia and Australia. This review aimed to cover the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, and lipids in plants and their types in different parts of lotus. This review also examined the physiological functions of bioactive compounds in lotus and the extracts from different organs of the lotus plant. The structures and identities of flavonoids, alkaloids, and lipids in different parts of lotus as well as their biosynthesis were illustrated and updated. In the traditional medicine systems and previous scientific studies, bioactive compounds and the extracts of lotus have been applied for treating inflammation, cancer, liver disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. We suggest future studies to be focused on standardization of the extract of lotus, and their pharmacological mechanisms as drugs or functional foods. This review is important for the lotus-based food processing and application.


Assuntos
Alcaloides , Lotus , Nelumbo , Nelumbo/química , Alcaloides/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Flavonoides , Lipídeos
4.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 137: 870-877, 2019 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31279879

RESUMO

Microwave processing is a suitable technology for starch-based food processing. This work investigated the changes of structures and properties of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) during short-time microwave irradiation (1-4 min). After 1 min of treatment, short amylopectin chains (DP 6-36) and intermediate amylose chains (DP 150-2000) of HAMS were partially broken down. Compared with native HAMS, treated HAMS (1 min) had the higher relative crystallinity, the intensity of the 9 nm lamellar peak, and fluorescence intensity under CLSM. Moreover, 1-min microwaving caused the lower viscosity and higher resistant starch content of HAMS. In the 2-4 min of treatment, the crystallinity, intensity of the lamellar peak and fluorescence intensity of HAMS granules decreased significantly, but no breakdown of starch molecule chains was observed, suggesting the realignment of the crystalline region during the process. Correspondingly, the viscosity increased and resistant starch content decreased. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the mechanistic effects of short-time microwave irradiation on high-amylose starch, which is of value for the processing of HAMS to produce novel functionality and nutritional values.


Assuntos
Amilose/análise , Digestão , Micro-Ondas , Amido/química , Zea mays/química , Indústria Alimentícia , Hidrólise , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Valor Nutritivo , Amido/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Viscosidade
5.
Food Funct ; 8(2): 687-694, 2017 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28124052

RESUMO

In this study, the inhibitory effects of loquat leaf extract (LLE) on pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and the preventative effects of LLE on hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in rats induced by a high fat and fructose diet have been evaluated. The LLE was chemically described using a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with a mass spectrometer (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). 20 compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpene acids were tentatively identified with authentic compounds or by referring to published articles and accessible databases (e.g. MassBank, METLIN). Enzyme activity measurements showed that the IC50 values of the LLE on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 11.34 ± 1.04 mg mL-1 and 50.77 ± 1.04 µg mL-1, respectively. The calculated Michaelis-Menten constants indicated that the LLE is an effective inhibitor against α-glucosidase in a mixed-model competitive mode. The fluorescence data revealed that the LLE binds with α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The animal experiment results indicated that the LLE significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, and hepatic and serum triglycerides.


Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Eriobotrya/química , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Frutose/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/enzimologia , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Hiperlipidemias/enzimologia , Hiperlipidemias/metabolismo , Cinética , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , alfa-Amilases/antagonistas & inibidores , alfa-Amilases/química , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidases/química , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo
6.
J Sci Food Agric ; 96(10): 3484-91, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26572692

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The majority of phenolic acids in wheat bran are bound to the cell walls. Hence, a high proportion of phenolic acids cannot be extracted with conventional extraction methods. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of steam explosion pre-treatment in increasing the extractability of phenolic compounds from wheat bran. RESULTS: Bound phenolic acids (BPA) can be released by steam explosion-assisted extraction. Within the experimental range, soluble free phenolic acids (FPA) and soluble conjugated phenolic acids (CPA) increased gradually with residence time and temperature. After steam explosion at 215 °C for 120 s, the total FPA and CPA reached 6671.8 and 2578.6 µg GAE g(-1) bran, respectively, which was about 39-fold and seven-fold higher than that of the untreated sample. Ferulic acid, the major individual phenolic acids in bran, increased from 55.7 to 586.3 µg g(-1) for FPA, and from 44.9 to 1108.4 µg g(-1) for CPA. The antioxidant properties of FPA and CPA extracts were significantly improved after treated. Correlation analysis indicated that the antioxidant capacity was in close relationship with phenolic content in FPA and CPA. CONCLUSION: Steam explosion pre-treatment could be effectively used to release of BPA and enhance the antioxidant capacity of wheat bran. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Fenóis/análise , Vapor , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Sementes/química
7.
Carbohydr Polym ; 94(1): 332-8, 2013 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23544546

RESUMO

A novel poly-N-acetylhexosamine (polyhexNAc) about 6 kDa average molecular weight (MW) was isolated from the low-MW fraction of exopolysaccharide produced by liquid fermentation of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1. The composition and linkage of sugar residues were determined by mass spectrometry and methylation analysis, and the anomeric configuration and chain linkage were confirmed by NMR. From the analytical results, the molecular structure was elucidated as a [-4-ß-D-ManNAc-(1→3)-ß-D-GalNAc-(1→] disaccharide repeating unit in the main chain with a Gal branch occurring randomly at the 3-position of ManNAc. This polyhexNAc showed notable antioxidant activities with a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of 330 µmol Trolox/g, a ferric reducing ability of plasma of 45.7 µmol Fe(II)/g, and significant cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced PC12 cell injury. This is the first report on the structure and bioactivity of an extracellular amino-polysaccharide from the Cordyceps species.


Assuntos
Cordyceps/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/química , Hexosaminas/química , Animais , Benzotiazóis/química , Sequência de Carboidratos , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Radicais Livres/química , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/farmacologia , Hexosaminas/isolamento & purificação , Hexosaminas/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Metilação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peso Molecular , Células PC12 , Ratos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Ácidos Sulfônicos/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
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