Camellia sinensis in Dentistry: Technological Prospection and Scientific Evidence.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate reports of patents for oral care formulations, based on Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis), deposited and granted in intellectual property banks. METHODS: A survey was conducted through collection, treatment, and analysis of extracted information from patent reports selected. The documentary research was conducted in January 2021 on formulations with C. sinensis for dental applications, including since the first patent deposits until the current time. The risk of bias of clinical trials with these formulations was analyzed to verify the scientific evidence. The data extracted represent the distribution of the number of patents by banks, annual evolution of patent deposits, applicant of patents by country, distribution of patents according to International Patent Classification codes, and the types of patented products. RESULTS: Data and information from 20 selected patents were extracted. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) were the banks with the largest number of patents for products/formulations with C. sinensis for oral care applications with 7 (35%) and 6 (30%) patent registrations, respectively. Other banks did not provide patents related to the search. Patents of compositions were the largest with 14 filings, and the remainder of formulations are represented specially by mouthwashes and toothpastes. As for clinical application, 18 patents were filed as products with antimicrobial and antibiofilm action, while 2 patents are directed to the treatment of xerostomia. In general, the aspects of the studies of clinical efficacy pointed to a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION: The study pointed out a small number of products protected by patents for Camellia sinensis for oral care indication, highlighting mainly mouthwash compositions and formulations. In the methodological parameters of clinical trials carried out with the formulations, the majority pointed out a low risk of bias.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis-Containing Varnish in Children: A Randomized and Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Dental caries is a sugar-dependent condition common in childhood, which causes microbiological imbalance in dental biofilm. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of a 2.5% Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) dental varnish to prevent caries in children. Seventy-five children with high caries risk, aged between 36 and 71 months and with no caries, were assigned to three groups to receive varnish treatment containing 2.5% BRP, 1% chlorhexidine, or 5% fluoride. The varnish was applied to the occlusal surfaces of the deciduous second molars on the first day of treatment (D1), after 90 days (D90), and 180 days of the start of treatment (D180). Saliva was collected to assess S. mutans before each varnish application and 180 days at the end of treatment (D360). Values were expressed in log10 (CFU/mL). Statistics were performed by applying repeated measures of variance analysis, Tukey's multiple comparisons test, and paired t-test. In the first dilution (1 : 10), there was microbial load reduction at the following periods: BRP in D0-D90 (p < 0.05) and D0-D180 (p < 0.01); fluoride in D0-D90 (p < 0.001); and chlorhexidine in D0-D180 (p < 0.05). In the second dilution (1 : 100), there was microbial load reduction in the groups at the following periods: BRP in D0-D90 (p < 0.05) and D0-D180 (p < 0.01); fluoride in D0-D180 (p < 0.05), and chlorhexidine in D0-180 (p < 0.01) and D0-360 (p < 0.05). The 2.5% BRP dental varnish was effective in decreasing S. mutans colonies in saliva when used within 90 days.

Clinical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Dental Varnish in Children: A Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacies of (C. langsdorffii) dental varnish in children at high risk of dental caries.. METHODS: This is a longitudinal, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ninety high-risk caries-free children (ICDAS II = 0) were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: C. langsdorffii, chlorhexidine, or fluoride. The varnishes were applied on the second deciduous molars for three times: baseline (D0), after 90 days (D90), and after 180 days (D180). Saliva was collected on D0, D90, D180, and D360 to evaluate S. mutans reduction. Statistics were carried out by ANOVA, Tukey's test, and the paired t-test. RESULTS: Copaiba varnish demonstrated significant S. mutans reduction: D360 versus D0 (p < 0.0001), D180 versus D0 (p < 0.001), D360 versus D90 (p < 0.001), D180 versus D90 (p < 0.001), and D360 versus D180 (p < 0.05). Chlorhexidine varnish significantly reduced S. mutans at D180 versus D0 (p < 0.05). Fluoride reduced at D180 versus D0 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Three annual applications of this varnish showed substantial antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and caries prevention for up to 12 months.

Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Brazilian Red Propolis Containing-Dentifrice in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of dentifrice containing brazilian red propolis (BRP) in adolescents under orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods. This is a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. A total of 92 participants free from caries were randomized into 2 groups; the first received fluoride dentifrice, and the second received fluoride dentifrice incorporated with BRP. The gingival bleeding index (GBI) was recorded, and saliva was collected on the baseline (D0) and after 28 days (D28) for microbiological analysis. Data from GBI and Colony Forming Units (CFU) (log10) were expressed as mean and standard deviation. RESULTS: The two groups reduced GBI significantly, with no difference in the intergroup analysis. In the intragroup analysis, it was observed that G2 (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (S. mutans bacteria, it was observed that only G2 had a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (. CONCLUSIONS: Dentifrice containing BRP demonstrated better clinical and microbiological activity. Future studies are needed to better identify effects to establish the use of dentifrice containing propolis in biofilm control.

Dose-response evaluation of a copaiba-containing varnish against streptococcus mutans in vivo.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans and its incidence is particularly high during childhood. The use of medicinal plants is a common practice in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the optimal antimicrobial concentration of Copaifera langsdorffii (copaiba) oil-resin, in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children. METHODS: Twenty-four children, caries-free, aged until 6 years old, were selected to participate in this study. The varnish was applied to the occlusal surfaces of all deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed in saliva, whose collection was conducted in two phases: before applying the copaiba varnish and after use to verify the instantaneous effectiveness of Copaifera langsdorffii dental varnish in the reduction of S. mutans. The microbiological analysis was repeated twice, establishing dilutions of 1:10 mL and 1:100 mL. RESULTS: Comparisons between different times within the same dilution were carried out by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) associated with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Comparisons of conditions prior to and after treatment were performed using the t test for paired samples and it indicated that the 1% formulation promoted a more significant decrease in the number of S. mutans colonies (p = 0,0026). CONCLUSION: Copaiba oil-resin, in the form of dental varnish, has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in all the concentrations studied. Further studies to identify the long-term activity and anticaries effect of this varnish are required to establish its use in caries prevention.

The efficacy of three formulations of Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

Essential oils of many plants have been previously tested in the treatment of oral diseases and other infections. This study was a randomized, double-blind, in parallel with an active control study, which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three formulations of the Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil (LSO) in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries. 81 volunteers, aged 6-12 years, both genders, with caries, were recruited to participate in this study, and randomly assigned to either one of five different groups. Each group received topical treatment with either 1.4% LSO toothpaste, 1.4% LSO gel, 0.8% LSO mouthwash, 1% chlorhexidine gel, or 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A 5-ml volume of each gel was placed inside disposable trays, and applied for 1 min, every 24h, for 5 consecutive days. The mouthwash groups used 5-ml volume of a mouthwash inside disposable syringes. In the toothpaste group, children brushed their teeth for 1 min, once a day for 5 days. Saliva was collected before and after treatment. MS colonies were counted, isolated and confirmed through biochemical tests. Differences in MS levels measured in different days within the same treatment group was only verified with LSO toothpaste, chlorhexidine gel and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Comparison between groups of LSO mouthwash, toothpaste and gel showed that the toothpaste group expressed significantly lower MS levels than the mouthwash and gel groups at day-30. Chlorhexidine significantly reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, but these levels returned to baseline in other periods of the study. LSO toothpaste reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, and MS levels remained low and did not return to baseline during subsequent analysis. Hence, LSO toothpaste demonstrated the most long-lasting MS reduction in saliva, whereas other LSO formulations did not effectively reduce MS levels in children with dental caries.

Dose-response evaluation of a novel essential oil against Mutans streptococci in vivo.

Research has demonstrated the need for identifying a novel antimicrobial agent for topical use in the pediatric dental population. The essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (LSO) has been described as having favorable biological properties, and a broad in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria and yeast infections. Our aim was to determine a dose and formulation of LSO, acceptable for clinical testing in a pediatric population with dental caries. Thirty-seven 6-12-year old children were selected to participate in this study, and randomly allocated to receive different concentrations of either a gel (0.8%, 1%, 1.2% and 1.4%) or a mouth rinse (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% and 1.2%) formulation. The highest percentage MS reduction was observed with 0.8% mouth rinse and 1.4% gel. The efficacy of these concentrations was compared with a Thy-Car mixture formulated as a mouth rinse and gel treatments in 11 children. Saliva was collected after a single application of the antimicrobial treatment to establish effectiveness against MS. Both rinse (p<0.001) and gel (p=0.02) formulations produced significant MS reduction. Mouth rinse concentrations above 0.8% were associated with a transient intra-oral burning sensation. In conclusion, mouth rinse and gel LSO formulations demonstrated effectiveness against MS and good acceptance among children. We suggest future randomized clinical trials to test its effectiveness against early childhood caries.