Is diet important in bipolar disorder? / Czy dieta w chorobie dwubiegunowej ma znaczenie?

In recent years it has been increasingly indicated that diet/nutrition is important in the pathogenesis, course and effectiveness of treatment of various mental disorders. Most of the research published so far has focused on the role of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of depression. The results indicated a relationship between diet and risk of depression. Few studies have examined the relationship between diet and bipolar disorder (BD), although it can be assumed that some of the observations related to people with depression may be related to BD. The authors present an overview of the relationship between diet and bipolar disorder and the use of dietary interventions in the treatment of BD. They also discuss the use of nutrients, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin D, folic acid, and zinc, in the treatment of BD. For patients, the supplementation of mood disorders treatment with dietary recommendations, supplementation with selected nutrients, supplementation of micronutrients, may provide - in addition to indirect and direct effect on brain function - the possibility of greater co-participation in the treatment, enhancing the sense of control, coping, which may have a significant effect on the course of BD and the effectiveness of its treatment.

[Burning mouth syndrome: pathogenic and therapeutic concepts]. / Zespól pieczenia w jamie ustnej (burning mouth syndrome)--koncepcje patogenetyczne i terapeutyczne.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by pain, burning sensations and dryness within an oral mucosa, without any clinical changes of the latter. It occurs approximately seven times more frequently in women, mostly in perimenopausal age. The psychiatric aspect of BMS is significant: the most frequent co-morbidities are depression and anxiety disorders, and a number of psychotropic drugs play an essential role in its treatment. In the present review, the most important pathogenic and treatment concepts of BMS have been discussed. The BMS may be similar to neuropathic pain and has some related pathogenic elements with fibromyalgia and the restless leg syndrome. In primary BMS, the features of presynaptic dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons and deficiency of endogenous dopamine levels have been demonstrated. Other neurotransmitters such as serotonin, noradrenaline, histamine as well as hormonal and inflammatory factors may also play a role in the pathogenesis of BMS. In the pharmacological treatment of BMS a variety of drugs have been used including benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, antidepressants and atypical antipsychotic drugs. In the final part of the paper, the possibility of using atypical antipsychotic drug, olanzapine, in the treatment of BMS has been discussed. In the context of the recent studies on this topic, a case of female patient with the BMS lasting more than ten years has been mentioned, in whom the treatment with olanzapine brought about a rapid and significant reduction of symptoms. The probable mechanism of the therapeutic effect of olanzapine in BMS can include its effect on dopaminergic receptors and probably also on histaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic ones.