[Local immune and oxidative status in exacerbated chronic apical periodontitis]. / Mestnyi immunnyi i oksidantnyi status pri khronicheskom periodontite v stadii obostreniia.

The aim of the study was to define local immune and oxidative changes in patients with exacerbated chronic apical periodontitis. These changes were assessed in saliva of 67 patients with the mean age of 31±2.5 before and after treatment. The study revealed disturbances in cytokines and complement system balance and activation of lipids peroxidation. Combination of Gepon or Vobenzim with Essentiale forte H and Kaskatol proved to be the most effective for correction of this imbalance.

DNA quantification of exfoliated colonocytes as a novel screening tool for colorectal cancer.

AIMS: Colorectal cancer (CRC) sheds viable cells in the mucocelluar layer overlaying the colonic mucosa which travels distally alongside the faecal stream. These cells can be retrieved from the surface of the rectal mucosa. DNA quantification of these cells may be a marker of CRC, assessment of which was aim of this study. METHODS: A prospective double-blinded study of 467 consecutive patients referred with symptoms suggestive of CRC. Cells were collected from the surface of the rectal mucosa and total DNA quantified. DNA scores were compared with outcome after subjects had completed bowel investigations. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was performed to determine the optimum cut-off point for a positive result. RESULTS: 107 of the 467 patients were excluded due to; excessive faecal contamination of samples (n = 84); declined investigations (n = 17); inappropriate referral (n = 5); unfit (n = 1). 263 patients had lower GI endoscopy; 89 CT colonography and 8 barium enema. The diagnosis were; CRC (n = 23), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 7), adenomatous polyps (AP) (n = 20) and no significant abnormality detected (n = 310). ROC analysis revealed that sensitivities at a specificity of 60% for detecting CRC were 91.3%; for CRC and IBD 86.7%; and for CRC, IBD and AP 72.0%. CONCLUSION: In symptomatic patients DNA quantification of cells retrieved from the surface of the rectal mucosa is sensitive for the detection of CRC. Although faecal contamination is a limitation of this technique, refinement and application of other molecular tests hold promise for a better non invasive method for the detection of CRC.

Apolipoprotein E genotype modulates the effect of black tea drinking on blood lipids and blood coagulation factors: a pilot study.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype was determined in sixty-five subjects who had taken part in a 4-week randomized crossover trial to compare the effect of six mugs of black tea per day v. placebo on blood lipids and blood coagulation factors. Four ApoE genotype variants (seven E2/E3, forty-five E3/E3, twelve E3/E4 and one E4/E4) were found. ApoE allele frequency was within the range typical for Caucasian populations (ApoE-E2 5.4%; ApoE-E3 83.8%; ApoE-E4 10.8%). Individuals bearing at least one E4 allele had substantially higher levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Mean plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) activity was higher in ApoE-E4 allele-bearing individuals (E3/E4 + E4/E4, 11.89 (SE 1.27) U/ml; E3/E3, 9.19 (SE 0.80) U/ml; E2/E3, 7.21 (SE 1.04) U/ml, P values of E4-group v. E3 and E2 being respectively 0.093 and 0.030). These unexpected findings imply that elevated PAI-1 activity may be a hitherto unrecognized additional factor involved in the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with apoE-E4 allele. The interactions between tea drinking and genotype were also examined. In the E3/E3 homozygotes, HDL-cholesterol was significantly reduced in the tea period (mean placebo 1.54 mmol/l v. mean tea 1.50 mmol/l, P = 0.027). In the E2/E3 group, triacylglycerol concentration was significantly reduced (mean placebo 1.18 mmol/l v. mean tea 1.09 mmol/l, P = 0.039). Tea also caused a significant decrease of PAI-1 activity in the subjects with E2/E3 genotype (mean placebo 7.21 U/ml v. mean tea 5.88 U/ml, P = 0.007). In the other two genotype groups, there was no significant effect of tea. The results indicate that tea drinking has a beneficial effect on some cardiovascular disease risk-associated factors, especially in E2 allele-bearing individuals. Dietary intervention may be particularly effective in population groups with certain genetic characteristics.

Comparison of metabolic effects of vegetables and teas with colorectal proliferation and with tumour development in DMH-treated F344 rats.

The aim of this study was to screen potentially chemopreventive vegetables and teas for their effects as human dietary components for the colorectal epithelium and also to seek biomarkers of preventive efficacy. Groups of F344 rats were adapted to a human basal diet supplemented with vegetables or teas, having known contents of glucosinolates, polyphenols and anti-oxidants. Both inductions and suppressions were found for overall glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase activities. The mitotic index (MI) showed a three-fold range between groups, with substantial reductions by black tea, spinach, petit pois and peppers. Changes to PCNA labelling index and proliferation zone were marginal. No correlation was found between colonic and hepatic enzyme activities, nor with glucosinolate intake. Colonic MI was associated with the activity ratio GST(hepatic)/GST(colonic) (r = 0.49, P < 0.002), possibly reflecting a need for direct induction rather than exposure to products of hepatic conjugation.

[Precipitation of the antigens of the causative agents of plague, glanders and melioidosis using aqueous saline extracts of various plant species]. / Pretsipitatsiia vodno-solevymi ékstraktami razlichnykh vidov rastenii antigenov vozbuditelei chumy, sapa, melioidoza.

The interaction of the aqueous saline extracts of 55 plant species with the antigens of the causative agents of plague, glanders and melioidosis in the reaction of immunodiffusion (RID) in gel has been studied. The aqueous saline extracts obtained from the seeds of 12 plant species have been revealed to possess precipitating capacity. At the same time these extract have been found to ensure, as a rule, RID with several antigens under test.