Efeito de estratégias nutricionais para redução de nutrientes poluidores nos dejetos sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos / The effects of nutritional strategies to reduce nutrient pollution in manure on the performance and carcass traits of pigs

Avaliou-se o efeito de estratégias nutricionais sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de suínos dos 30 aos 100kg. Foram utilizados 120 suínos, distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições de três animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos usados foram: dieta-controle = dieta com alta proteína bruta sem aminoácidos industriais; dieta baixa PB= dieta com baixa proteína bruta com aminoácidos industriais; dieta fitase = dieta-controle com suplementação de fitase; dieta orgânica = dieta-controle suplementada com minerais inorgânico-orgânicos; e dieta composta = dieta com baixa proteína bruta suplementada com aminoácidos industriais, fitase e minerais inorgânico-orgânicos. As dietas avaliadas não alteraram o desempenho e as características de carcaça dos suínos em comparação aos animais da dieta-controle. Conclui-se que a redução de proteína bruta, a suplementação com fitase e minerais inorgânico-orgânicos podem ser adotadas por não alterarem significativamente o desempenho nas fases de crescimento e terminação e as características de carcaças.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional strategies on performance and carcass traits of pigs from 30 to 100kg. One hundred and twenty pigs were used, distributed in randomized blocks, with five treatments and eight replicates of three animals per experimental unit. Treatments were: control diet = corn-soybean based diet without synthetic amino acids; low crude protein diet = corn-soybean based diet with low protein and synthetic amino acids; phytase diet = control diet supplemented with phytase; organic diet = control diet supplemented with inorganic and organic minerals; and combination diet = diet with low protein supplemented with phytase and inorganic-organic minerals. Means were compared with the control diet by the Dunnett test. The diets evaluated did not alter the performance of pigs when compared to pigs fed the control diet. The reduction of crude protein, supplementation with phytase and inorganic-organic minerals can be adopted without significantly changing performance during the growing-finishing and carcass traits at 100kg.

Growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites of broiler chicken fed on diets containing flaxseed oil.

1. This study evaluated the effects of diets with partial and total substitution of soya bean oil (SO) with flaxseed (linseed) oil (FO) on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition and blood serum metabolites. 2. A total of 448 one-d-old Cobb 500 broiler chicken were used. They were allotted among 4 treatments with 8 replications, using a completely randomised design, for 35 d. Four diets were compared: T1 = 100% SO (3%, 1-7 d; 4%, 8-21 d; and 5%, 22-35 d); T2 = 50% SO + 50% FO; T3 = 25% SO + 75% FO and T4 = 100% FO. 3. No significant differences were observed in body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood serum metabolites (total triglycerides, TRI; total cholesterol, CHO; high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; glucose, GLU; albumin, ALB; globulin, GLO; and total proteins, TPs). Significant effects were observed for TRI, CHO, HDL, GLU, HDL, LDL, ALB and GLO with regard to the day of collection. 4. Carcass traits did not show significant differences for the treatments. No significant differences were observed for breast and drumstick chemical compositions, with the exception of drumstick fat concentration (quadratic effect). 5. In conclusion, the partial or total substitution of SO with FO did not affect growth performance, carcass traits, meat chemical composition or blood serum profile in broiler chicken. Therefore, FO can be an alternative to SO in the diet formulation for broiler chicken.

Utilización de dos soportes para la inmovilización de la papaína / Use of two supports for inmobilizing papain

Con la intención de preparar suplementos dietéticos de bajo coste, se inmovilizó papaína en carbón activado (CA) y en alúmina, utilizando suero como fuente de proteínas hidrolizadas. Para determinar el índice de inmovilización se cuantifi caron las enzimas no adsorbidas mediante el método de Lowry. Se analizó el efecto del tiempo de contacto y la temperatura, considerándose 30 min. a 25 ºC como la condición óptima para inmovilizar la papaína en ambos soportes. El CA presentó unos índices de inmovilización muy superiores (entre 95% y 99%) a los de la AL (entre 4% y 13%). Para evaluar la capacidad de reutilización de la papaína se midió la actividad residual de la enzima después de haber sido utilizada hasta 20 veces. Para determinar la actividad de la enzima se cuantifi có el índice de exposición de la fenilalanina mediante espectrofotometría de derivada segunda. En este caso, la AL presentó mejores resultados que el CA, ya que la actividad de la papaína seguía siendo la misma después de haber sido utilizada 15 y 5 veces, respectivamente

Papain was immobilized on activated carbon (AC) and on alumina (AL), with the aim of preparing low cost dietary supplements, using whey as hydrolysed protein source. The quantifi cation of the non-adsorbed enzyme, using Lowry’s method was used to determine the immobilization rate. The effect of the contact time and the temperature was tested, and 30 min at 250C was considered the best condition for immobilizing papain in both supports. AC showed much higher immobilization rates (from 95% to 99%) than AL (from 4% to 13%). The reusability of papain was evaluated by measuring the residual activity of the enzyme after it has been used for up to 20 times. The quantifi cation of exposure rate of phenylalanine by second derivative spectrophotometry was used to determine the enzyme activity. In this case, AL showed better results than AC, since the activity of papain remained unchanged after 15 and 5 times, respectively