Three different routes of EHEC O157:H7 infection were used to establish EHEC broiler model.

In order to study the prevention and control EHEC disease measures in poultry, the infection process and development of this disease and the pathological changes of various organs were to be observed. In this study, chickens were infected with different doses of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 using different routes of administration to establish EHEC broiler model. A total of 195 14-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 13 groups: including control group, Enema-drip groups (1010, 1011, 1012, 1013 CFUs E. coli O157:H7), gavage groups (P.O) (1011, 1012, 1013, 1014 CFUs E. coli O157:H7), and intraperitoneal injection group (I.P.) (108, 109, 1010, 1011 CFUs E. coli O157:H7). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was given using enema-drip, gavage or intraperitoneal infection. Then the feed intake, weight changes, stool and clinical symptoms of the chicks were recorded during the experiment. 7 d after E. coli infection, blood was collected from the jugular vein and serological tests were carried out. The liver, spleen, and colon of the chicks were extracted to get the organ index, bacteria load, and their histopathological changes. After infection with E. coli, some chicks feces were green or red watery stool, sometimes accompanied by foam, and the material to weight ratio of broilers in I.P. group increased significantly (P < 0.05), the 108 CFUs group were 1.3 times as large as control group. Three modeling methods can result in abnormal serum lipid metabolism and liver function indexes (increase of AST, TBA, T-Bil and TC level; decrease of ALB, TG, and TP level). Infection of chicks with O157:H7 by all 3 methods resulted in its detection in the liver, spleen, and colon. Three modeling methods significantly decreased liver index, and inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperemia were observed in liver. The spleen index in E. coli broilers by gavage and enema-drip was significantly decreased, splenic hyperemia and periarteriolar hyalinosis were observed. The spleen was enlarged with purplish-black spheroids in I.P. group broilers, and the spleen histological changes was more serious. The colon villi of broilers in gavage and enema-drip groups were thinner, more prone to rupture, intestinal lamina propria hyperemia, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, the number of goblet cells in the mucosal epithelium increased. E. coli O157:H7 can induce liver, spleen and intestinal damage and reduce growth performance of chicks. By comparing these 3 methods, we found that chicks infected with O157:H7 by gavage had more severe liver and intestinal damage, the enema-drip method caused most serious intestinal damage, and I.P. method significantly damaged the liver and spleen of chickens.

Organoid forming potential as complementary parameter for accurate evaluation of breast cancer neoadjuvant therapeutic efficacy.

BACKGROUND: 13-15% of breast cancer/BC patients diagnosed as pathological complete response/pCR after neoadjuvant systemic therapy/NST suffer from recurrence. This study aims to estimate the rationality of organoid forming potential/OFP for more accurate evaluation of NST efficacy. METHODS: OFPs of post-NST residual disease/RD were checked and compared with clinical approaches to estimate the recurrence risk. The phenotypes of organoids were classified via HE staining and ER, PR, HER2, Ki67 and CD133 immuno-labeling. The active growing organoids were subjected to drug sensitivity tests. RESULTS: Of 62 post-NST BC specimens, 24 were classified as OFP-I with long-term active organoid growth, 19 as OFP-II with stable organoid growth within 3 weeks, and 19 as OFP-III without organoid formation. Residual tumors were overall correlated with OFP grades (P < 0.001), while 3 of the 18 patients (16.67%) pathologically diagnosed as tumor-free (ypT0N0M0) showed tumor derived-organoid formation. The disease-free survival/DFS of OFP-I cases was worse than other two groups (Log-rank P < 0.05). Organoids of OFP-I/-II groups well maintained the biological features of their parental tumors and were resistant to the drugs used in NST. CONCLUSIONS: The OFP would be a complementary parameter to improve the evaluation accuracy of NST efficacy of breast cancers.

Inhibition of Autophagy Aggravates Arachis hypogaea L. Skin Extracts-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.

The skin of Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut or groundnut) is a rich source of polyphenols, which have been shown to exhibit a wider spectrum of noteworthy biological activities, including anticancer effects. However, the anticancer activity of peanut skin extracts against melanoma and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remains elusive. In this study, we systematically investigated the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migration effects of peanut skin ethanolic extract and its fractions on melanoma and CRC cells. Cell viability results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (AHE) of peanut skin ethanolic crude extract and one of the methanolic fractions (AHE-2) from ethyl acetate extraction exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against melanoma and CRC cells but not in nonmalignant human skin fibroblasts. AHE and AHE-2 effectively modulated the cell cycle-related proteins, including the suppression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma (p-Rb), E2F1, Cyclin A, and activation of tumor suppressor p53, which was associated with cell cycle arrest and paralleled their antiproliferative efficacies. AHE and AHE-2 could also induce caspase-dependent apoptosis and inhibit migration activities in melanoma and CRC cells. Moreover, it is noteworthy that autophagy, manifested by microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) conversion and the aggregation of GFP-LC3, was detected after AHE and AHE-2 treatment and provided protective responses in cancer cells. Significantly, inhibition of autophagy enhanced AHE- and AHE-2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Together, these findings not only elucidate the anticancer potential of peanut skin extracts against melanoma and CRC cells but also provide a new insight into autophagy implicated in peanut skin extracts-induced cancer cell death.

Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity of Solasonin from Solanum nigrum L. via Histone Deacetylases-Mediated p53 Acetylation Pathway.

(1) Background: Solanum nigrum L. is a plant of the genus Solanum in the family Solanaceae and is commonly used to treat tumors. Solasonin (SS) is a steroidal alkaloid extracted from Solanum nigrum L. that has anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity. (2) Methods: Column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC and cellular activity screening were used to isolate potential anti-CRC active compounds in Solanum nigrum L., and structure identification using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR techniques. Expression levels of HDAC in CRC were mined in the UALCAN database. The in vitro effects of SS on SW620 cell line and its mechanism were examined via Western blot, EdU staining, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. CRC xenograft model and IHC staining were mainly used to evaluate the role of SS in vivo. (3) Results: The results showed that SS was the most potent anti-CRC component in Solanum nigrum L., which induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the SW620 cell line. HDAC was highly expressed in CRC. The treatment of SW620 cell line with SS resulted in a significant downregulation of HDAC, an increase in the level of P53 acetylation and a subsequent increase in the level of P21. The in vivo validation results showed that SS could effectively inhibit CRC growth, which was associated with the downregulation of HDAC. (4) Conclusions: SS treatment for CRC mainly works through the induction of apoptosis and cycle arrest, and its mechanism of action is mainly related to HDAC-induced P53 acetylation, and the HDAC/P53 signaling pathway may be a potential pathway for the treatment of CRC.

[Effect of acupotomy on mitophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin pathway in cartilage of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupotomy on mitophagy mediated by PINK1/Parkin pathway in cartilage of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), so as to explore its mechanism in inhibiting cartilage damage. METHODS: Twenty-one New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal, model, and acupotomy groups, with 7 rabbits in each group. The KOA rabbit model was established by using the Videman method. Rabbits in the acupotomy group received regular acupotomy treatment around the knee joint nodules or tendons once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphological and ultrastructural changes in knee joint cartilage of rabbits. Flow cytometry was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) average fluorescence intensity in chondrocytes. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the fluorescence intensity of LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin in cartilage tissue. Western blot was conducted to measure the protein expression levels of p62, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, PINK1, and Parkin in cartilage tissue. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the model group showed fissures and tissue fibrosis on the surface of rabbit knee joint cartilages, loose distribution of chondrocytes, decreased autophagosomes, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology. The fluorescence intensity of LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin, the expression levels of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, PINK1 and Parkin proteins in cartilage tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the percentage of chondrocytes with low Δψm, the average fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the expression of p62 protein in cartilage tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, the acupotomy group showed no obvious defects on the surface of rabbit knee joint cartilage, relatively dense distribution of chondrocytes, increased autophagosomes, and relatively normal mitochondrial morphology. The fluorescence intensity of LC3B, PINK1 and Parkin, the expression of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, PINK1 and Parkin proteins in cartilage tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the percentage of chondrocytes with low Δψm, the average fluorescence intensity of ROS, and the expression of p62 protein in cartilage tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupotomy may promote mitophagy by regulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway, thereby improving cartilage damage in rabbits with KOA.

The Effect of Warm Acupuncture on EOS, IgE, Inflammatory Factors, and T Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis of Lung Qi Deficiency and Cold-Type.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warming needle therapy on eosinophils, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), inflammatory factors, and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung qi deficiency and cold-type allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: A total of 155 patients with lung qi deficiency and cold-type AR from May 2021 to December 2022 were randomly divided into a study group of 76 cases and a control group of 79 cases. The control group received medication (chlorpheniramine and fluticasone), and the study group received medication combined with warming needle therapy. The efficacy, TCM syndrome score, eosinophils, IgE, inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) scores were evaluated after 2 weeks of treatment. Results: The total effective rate in the study group was 92.11%, which was higher than that in the control group (77.22%) (P < .05). The TCM syndrome scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05). The positive rate of eosinophils in the study group was lower than that in the control group after 1 week (47.37% vs. 64.56%, P < .05) and after 2 weeks (21.05% vs. 37.97%, P < .05) of treatment. The serum levels of specific IgE, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the study group were lower than those in the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05). The peripheral blood levels of CD3+ and CD4+ were higher and the peripheral blood level of CD8+ was lower in the study group than in the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05). The RQLQ scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P < .05). Conclusion: Warming needle therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with lung qi deficiency and cold-type AR, reduce inflammation, and enhance immune function.

Acupuncture for gait disturbance of patients with subacute and chronic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Hemiparetic gait is one of the most common sequelae of a stroke. Acupuncture has shown potential in correcting hemiplegic gait patterns and improving motor function recovery after stroke. However, controversial findings and a lack of supportive evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture for post-stroke hemiplegia. The intelligent gait analysis system provides a new perspective for the study of hemiparetic gait. This systematic review aims to collect relevant studies and critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in alleviating gait disturbance of post-stroke hemiplegia based on quantified gait parameters. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane stroke group trials register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, AMED, three Chinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Literatures database (CBM), National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan fang Digital Periodicals), four trails registries (The WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, The US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register, and The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) will be conducted to identify randomised controlled trials of acupuncture for gait disturbance in post-stroke patients. No restrictions on language or publication status. The primary outcomes are gait temporospatial parameters (eg, step length, stride length, step width, step frequency (cadence), walking speed, etc), and gait kinematic parameters (eg, hip peak flex/extend angle, knee peak flex/extend angle, ankle peak dorsi/plantar-flexion angle, etc). We will assess bias using the approach recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. A meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the evidence for each outcome measure. The χ2 test and I2 statistic will be used for assessing heterogeneity between studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical approval is needed because no primary data is collected. Scientific conferences or peer-reviewed journals will publish the findings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022384348.

Development and application of an algorithm for statin-induced myopathy based on electronic health record-derived structured elements.

Objective: Considering the non-specific nature of muscle symptoms, studies of statin-induced myopathy (SIM) in electronic health records require accurate algortihms that can reliably identify true statin-related cases. However, prior algorithms have been constructed in study populations that preclude broad applicability. Here we developed and validated an algorithm that accurately defines SIM from electronic health records using structured data elements and conducted a study of determinants of SIM after applying the algorithm. Materials and Methods: We used electronic records from an integrated health care delivery system (including comprehensive pharmacy dispensing records) and defined SIM as elevated creatine kinase (CK) ≥4 x upper limit of normal. A diverse cohort of participants receiving a variety of statin regimens met the criteria for study inclusion. Results: We identified multiple conditions strongly associated with elevated CK independent of statin use. A 2-step algorithm was developed using these all-cause conditions as secondary causes (step 1) along with evidence of a statin regimen change (step 2). We identified 1,262 algorithm-derived statin-induced elevated CK cases. Gold standard SIM cases determined from manual chart reviews on a random subset of the all-cause elevated CK cases were used to validate the algorithm, which had a 76% sensitivity and 77% specificity for detecting the most certain cases. Pravastatin use was associated with a 2.18 odds (95% confidence interval 1.39-3.40, P=0.0007) for statin-induced CK elevation compared to lovastatin use after adjusting for dose and other factors. Conclusions: We have produced an efficient, easy-to-apply methodological tool that can improve the quality of future research on statin-induced myopathy.

[Effect of needle-knife on chondrocyte apoptosis of knee joint in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis based on CircSERPINE2-miR-1271-5P-ERG axis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of needle-knife on the chondrocyte apoptosis of knee joint in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on the CircSERPINE2-miR-1271-5P-E26 specific transformation-related gene (ERG) axis, and to explore the mechanism of needle-knife for KOA. METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a needle-knife group and a sham needle-knife group, 9 rabbits in each group. The rabbits in the model group, the needle-knife group and the sham needle-knife group were treated with modified Videman method to prepare KOA model. After successful modeling, the rabbits in the needle-knife group were treated with needle-knife at cord adhesion and nodules near quadriceps femoris tendon and internal and external collateral ligament on the affected knee joint; the rabbits in the sham needle-knife group were treated with sham needle-knife baside the needle insertion point of the needle-knife group (needle-knife was only inserted, without any operation). The treatment was given once a week, 3 times in total. The Lequesne MG behavioral score was used to evaluate the knee joint damage in each group before and after intervention. After intervention, HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the cartilage tissue morphology and ultrastructure of chondrocytes in the knee joint in each group; TUNEL method was used to detect the level of chondrocyte apoptosis in the knee joint; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of CircSERPINE2, miR-1271-5P and ERG mRNA in knee cartilage tissue in each group. RESULTS: After intervention, compared with the normal group, the Lequesne MG behavioral score in the model group was increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group and the sham needle-knife group, the Lequesne MG behavioral score in the needle-knife group was decreased (P<0.01). In the model group and the sham needle-knife group, the number of chondrocytes and organelles was decreased, the cell nucleus was shrunk, mitochondria was swelling or disappeared; in the needle-knife group, the number of chondrocytes and organelles was increased, the cell nucleus was not obviously shrunk and the mitochondria was not obviously swelling. Compared with the normal group, the level of chondrocyte apoptosis in the model group was increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group and the sham needle-knife group, the level of chondrocyte apoptosis in the needle-knife group was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the expression of CircSERPINE2 and ERG mRNA in the model group was decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of miR-1271-5P mRNA was increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group and the sham needle-knife group, the expression of CircSERPINE2 and ERG mRNA in the needle-knife group was increased (P<0.01), and the expression of miR-1271-5P mRNA was decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Needle-knife could reduce the knee joint damage and chondrocyte apoptosis in KOA rabbits, which may be related to up-regulating the expression of CircSERPINE2 and ERG mRNA, and inhibiting the expression of miR-1271-5P mRNA.

Resveratrol inhibits oxidative damage in lungs of heat-stressed broilers by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and autophagy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on heat stress-induced lung injury in broilers and the mechanism underlying this process. Sixty two-week-old SPF BWEL broilers were randomly divided into the heat stress group (HS), resveratrol group (heat stress + 400 mg/kg resveratrol), and the control group after one week of feeding, with 20 chickens in each group. Broilers in the control group were reared at 23 ± 2 â„ƒ. Those in the HS and resveratrol group were reared under heat stress (35 â„ƒ ± 2 â„ƒ) for 8 h/day for seven days. Broilers in the resveratrol group were fed a diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg resveratrol two days before the start of the experiment. The feeding was continued for nine days. The results showed that HS decreased body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and lung weight. It, however, increased the lung index, induced lung congestion, and promoted infiltration of inflammatory cells to the lung. Resveratrol improved growth performance and inhibited heat stress-induced lung damage. Compared with broilers in the control group, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Beclin-1, LC3 Ⅰ, and LC3 Ⅱ genes in the lung of heat-stressed broilers was significantly lower. The levels of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), NQO1, and HO-1 showed a similar trend with gene expressions. Immunofluorescence indicated that HS inhibited the expression of Nrf2 and LC3B proteins. Finally, the ratio of LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ was also significantly lower in the HS group. Further analyses revealed that resveratrol supplements in feeds enhanced antioxidation in the lung by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and autophagy. In conclusion, HS causes oxidative damage and inhibits autophagy in broilers. However, resveratrol protects against lung injury by alleviating oxidative stress and enhancing autophagy.

Discrimination of the harvesting season of green tea by alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase systems combined with chemometric analysis.

The flavor and aroma quality of green tea are closely related to the harvest season. The aim of this study was to identify the harvesting season of green tea by alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) combined with chemometric analysis. In this paper, the single factor experiments (SFM) and response surface methodology (RSM) optimization were designed to investigate and select the optimal ATPS. A total of 180 green tea samples were studied in this work, including 86 spring tea and 94 autumn tea. After the active components in green tea samples were extracted by the optimal ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 ATPS, the qualitative and quantitative analysis was realized based on HPLC-DAD combined with alternating trilinear decomposition-assisted multivariate curve resolution (ATLD-MCR) algorithm, with satisfactory spiked recoveries (86.00 %-112.45 %). The quantitative results obtained from ATLD-MCR model were subjected to chemometric pattern recognition analysis. The constructed partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models showed better results than the principal component analysis (PCA) model, and the R2Xcum values (>0.835) and R2Ycum (>0.937) were close to 1, the Q2cum values were greater than 0.75 (>0.933), and the differences between R2Ycum and Q2cum were not larger than 0.2, indicating excellent cross-validation prediction performance of the models. Furthermore, the classification results based on the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were consistent with the PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA results, establishing a good correlation between tea active components and the harvesting seasons of green tea. Overall, the combination of ATPS and chemometric methods is accurate, sensitive, fast and reliable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of tea active components, providing guidance for the quality control of green tea.

Resveratrol relieves chronic heat stress-induced liver oxidative damage in broilers by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway.

Heat stress (HS) affects poultry production and welfare, causing enormous damage to poultry. Resveratrol, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural plant polyphenol, is widely used in agriculture for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. This study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanism of resveratrol on liver oxidative damage in heat-stressed broilers. Sixty SPF chickens were randomly divided into control, heat stress (HS) and HS+ resveratrol (resveratrol) groups. Broilers were exposed to 35 ± 2 â„ƒ (8 h/d) for 7 consecutive days to induce HS, and the other 16 h/d were kept at 23 ± 2 â„ƒ, similar to the control group. Broilers received 400 mg/kg resveratrol in the basic diet 2 days before exposure to HS and for the following 7 days. The results showed that resveratrol improved growth performance by increasing the average daily gain (ADG) and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared with the HS group. Heat stress reduced liver weight and index, increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, enhanced serum AST levels, and decreased TP and ALB II levels, which resulted in liver injury in broilers, and resveratrol effectively alleviated liver injury. Moreover, supplementation with resveratrol enhanced the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes resulting in higher GPX and SOD levels than those in the heat-stressed broilers, and decreased MDA levels. Furthermore, resveratrol alleviated liver oxidative stress by activating the gene and protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, enhancing NQO1 and SOD1 gene levels, and decreasing protein levels of HSP70, p62, and Keap1, and thereby alleviated the liver injury of heat-stressed broilers. Compared with the HS group, Nrf2 immunofluorescence was significantly up-regulated in the livers of resveratrol group. These results suggest that resveratrol can enhance the liver antioxidant function by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to promote growth performance in broilers under HS.

[Comparison of odor and quality of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum derived from domestic chickens and broilers].

Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum(GGEC) is commonly used for the clinical treatment of indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, and infantile malnutrition with accumulation. In recent decades, omnivorous domestic chickens, the original source of GGEC, has been replaced by broilers, which may lead to significant changes in the quality of the yielding GGEC. Through subjective and objective sensory evaluation, biological evaluation, and chemical analysis, this study compared the odor and quality between GGEC derived from domestic chickens and that from broilers. The odor intensity between them was compared by odor profile analysis and it was found that the fishy odor of GGEC derived from domestic chickens was significantly weaker than that of GGEC from broilers. Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-QQQ-MS/MS) suggested that the overall odor-causing chemicals were consistent with the fishy odor-causing chemicals. According to the odor activity va-lue and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) result, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine, and 2-methylisoborneol were responsible for the fishy odor(OAV≥1) and the content of fishy odor-causing chemicals in GGEC derived from broilers was 1.12-2.13 folds that in GGEC from domestic chickens. The average pepsin potency in GGEC derived from broilers was 15.679 U·mg~(-1), and the corresponding figure for the medicinal from domestic chickens was 26.529 U·mg~(-1). The results of pre-column derivatization reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) assay showed that the content of total amino acids and digestion-promoting amino acids in domestic chickens-derived GGEC was 1.12 times and 1.15 times that in GGEC from broilers, and the bitter amino acid content was 1.21 times folds that of the latter. In conclusion, GGEC derived from domestic chickens had weaker fishy odor, stronger enzyme activity, higher content of digestion-promoting amino acids, and stronger bitter taste than GGEC from broilers. This study lays a scientific basis for studying the quality variation of GGEC and provides a method for identifying high-quality GGEC. Therefore, it is of great significance for the development and cultivation of GGEC as both food and medicine and breeding of corresponding varieties.

[Mechanism and protocol optimization of acupuncture in treatment of obesity based on sympathetic nerve system].

The physiological function of adipose tissue is dominated by the sympathetic nerve system (SNS), but obesity and other diseases may cause the abnormality of the SNS signaling pathway. Acupuncture has been proved to be an effective the-rapy to improve the function of SNS in adipose tissue. Based on the physiological and pathological significance of SNS, this paper reviewed the molecular pathways in which acupuncture directly or indirectly regulated the function of SNS in adipose tissue. As the mechanism of electroacupuncture in regulating autonomic nerves was continuously illuminated, the adjustment of acupuncture mode, such as selection of acupoints in different nerve segments and adjustment of stimulation parameters of electroacupuncture, presumedly induced different content ratios of neurotransmitters released by SNS efferent axons, including noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y, thereby producing different effects on weight loss. Therefore, the specific connections between various acupuncture modes and neurotransmitters released by SNS enriched the intrinsic nerve coding of acupoints, thus optimizing the acupoint selection protocol for the treatment of obesity.

Using Haemocoagulase Agkistrodon in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Plasmakinetic Resection of the Prostate: A Pilot, Real-World, and Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Objectives: To compare the clinical outcomes of using different hemostatic agents after transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (TUPKP) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Methods: The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the hemostatic agents used after TUPKP, including the haemocoagulase agkistrodon for injection (HCA), hemocoagulase for injection (HC), hemocoagulase bothrops atrox for injection (HCB), ethylenediamine diaceturate injection (EDD), and tranexamic acid (TXA). Propensity score matching was performed based on age, body mass index, prostate volume, hypertension status, fasting blood glucose, smoking, and drinking history. The hospitalization time, bladder irrigation time, indwelling catheterization time, the patency of urine flow, and blood transfusion records were used as outcome indicators to compare the clinical effects of these five agents. Results: We finally matched 65 pairs receiving HCA or HC, 71 pairs receiving HCA or HCB, 38 pairs receiving HCA or TXA, and 29 pairs receiving HCA or EDD. Compared with HC, HCA given during the perioperative period significantly reduced the median hospitalization time [7.00 days (5.00, 8.00) vs. 9.00 days (8.00, 10.00); p < 0.001] and median catheterization time (109.00 hours [88.00, 129.00] vs. 164.00 hours [114.00, 189.00], p < 0.001). Compared with EDD, the median hospitalization time (7.00 days [6.00, 8.00] vs. 10.00 days [8.00, 11.00]; p < 0.001) and median catheterization time (113.00 hours [95.00, 143.00] vs. 160.00 hours [139.00, 168.00]; p < 0.001) were also significant shorter in HCA group. Compared with HCB, median bladder irrigation time (45.00 hours [27.00, 71.00] vs. 49.00 hours [45.00, 72.00]; p = 0.04) was shorter in the HCA group. However, there were no statistical differences in outcomes between HCA and TXA. Conclusions: HCA probably has an advantage over HC, HCB, and EDD in reducing the hospitalization time, catheterization time, and bladder irrigation time among BPH patients undergoing TUPKP.

Adsorption and removal of organophosphorus pesticides from Chinese cabbages and green onions by using metal organic frameworks based on the mussel-inspired adhesive interface.

Based on the mussel-inspired adhesive interface (Fe3O4-g-C3N4@PDA), a novel bionic metal-organic framework (Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101) was successfully prepared. The composite featured a high specific surface area and a multi-microchannel structure, as well as strong thermochemical stability. The structural property of Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe) was characterized, and the results indicated that Fe3O4, PDA, and MIL-101(Fe) were uniformly coated on the g-C3N4 surface. The adsorption and desorption of organophosphorus pesticides with Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe) were evaluated by batch experiments. This composite showed high adsorption efficiency and selective removal of coralox, phosalone, and chlorpyrifos. Under the optimal conditions, three organophosphorus pesticides were adsorbed from Chinese cabbage and green onion samples with Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe). The analytical method exhibited high sensitivity (LOD, 0.19-2.34 µg/L; LOQ, 0.65-7.82 µg/L), excellent practicality, and good stability, suggesting that Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101 was an ideal candidate magnetic adsorbent for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides in Chinese cabbage and green onion samples.

Higher efficacy of resveratrol against advanced breast cancer organoids: A comparison with that of clinically relevant drugs.

The lack of reliable drugs is a therapeutic challenge of advanced breast cancers (ABCs). Resveratrol (Res) exerts inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell lines and animal models, while its efficacy against individual breast cancer cases remains unknown. This study aims to use ABC-derived organoids (ABCOs) as the ex vivo therapeutic platform to clarify the effectiveness of resveratrol against different ABC subtypes. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the ABCOs maintained their original tumors' ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 expression patterns. ABCO proliferation and viability tests showed >50% cell death rates in 79.2% (19/24) of Res-treated, 28.6% (2/7) fulvestrant-treated, 66.7% (4/6) paclitaxel-treated, and 66.7% (6/9) gemcitabine-treated ABCOs. pSTAT3 nuclear translocation was more frequent in Res-sensitive (17/19; 89.47%) than that (1/5; 20%) of Res-insensitive ABCOs, which were suppressed upon Res treatment. Statistical analysis revealed a close correlation of STAT3 activation with the efficacy of Res, but not related to tumor receptor expression patterns (ER, PR, HER2) and pathological classification. We demonstrate for the first time the higher efficacy and broader spectrum of Res against different subtypes of ABCOs in comparison with that of conventional antibreast cancer drugs, providing an alternative approach for better management of ABCs.

Effects of Anemoside B4 on Diarrhea Incidence, Serum Indices, and Fecal Microbial of Suckling Calves.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Anemoside B4 on diarrhea incidence, serum indices, and fecal microbial of suckling calves. Sixty newborn Chinese Holstein calves with similar body weight (43.7 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly divided into four groups with 15 calves each, fed the diet which was supplied 0 (CON), 15 (A1), 30 (A2), and 45 (A3) mg/day of Anemoside B4, respectively. The trial period is 56 days. The blood and fecal samples were collected at 28 and 56 days of age. Results show that during the whole trial period, the diarrhea incidence in Group A1, A2, and A3 was significantly lower than that in Group CON (p < 0.05). Compared with the Group CON, Anemoside B4 supplementation significantly decreased the contents of serum D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase at 28-day-old (p < 0.05). At 56-day-old, the content of serum D-lactic acid in Group A3 tended to be higher (0.05 < p < 0.01), and the content of serum diamine oxidase in Group A3 increased significantly, in comparison with Group CON (p < 0.05). Group A3 increased the level of Chao1 and Simpson indices at 28-day-old (0.05 < p < 0.01), and Chao1, Observed_species, Shannon, and Simpson indices at 56-day-old (p < 0.05), in comparison to Group CON. Compared with Group CON, 45 mg / day Anemoside B4 supplementation significantly increased the contents of Bacteroidota (at the phylum level), Prevotella (at the genus level) at 28-day-old (p < 0.05), and the content of Sutterella (at the genus level) at 56-day-old (p < 0.05), promoted the processes of energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Prevotella and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, energy metabolism, and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism. A positive correlation was observed between Sutterella and energy metabolism. In conclusion, Anemoside B4 could effectively alleviate calf diarrhea, protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa, and change the structure of intestinal microbiota, indicating the potential value of Anemoside B4 in regulating intestinal microbiota and the prevention of intestinal diseases.

The Relationship between Habitual Coffee Drinking and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwanese Adults: Evidence from the Taiwan Biobank Database.

Previous studies revealed inconsistent results between coffee drinking and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between habitual coffee drinking and the prevalence of MetS among men and women. We conducted a nationwide, cross-sectional study using 23,073 adults obtained from the Taiwan Biobank database (mean ± SD (range) age, 54.57 ± 0.07 (30-79) years; 8341 men and 14,731 (63.8%) women). Adults who drank more than one cup of coffee per day (n = 5118) and those who drank less than one cup per day (n = 4515) were compared with nondrinkers (n = 13,439). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of MetS between the two groups. Separate models were also estimated for sex-stratified and habitual coffee-type-stratified (black coffee (BC), coffee with creamer (CC), and coffee with milk (CM)) subgroup analyses. The MetS diagnosis was based on at least three of the five metabolic abnormalities. Coffee drinkers (≥1 cup/day) had a significantly lower prevalence of MetS than nondrinkers (AOR (95% CI): 0.80 (0.73-0.87)). Women who drank any amount of coffee and any type of coffee were more likely to have a significantly lower prevalence of MetS than nondrinkers. Only men who drank more than one cup of coffee per day or black coffee drinkers were more likely to have a lower prevalence of MetS. Our study results indicate that adults with habitual coffee drinking behaviors of more than one cup per day were associated with a lower prevalence of MetS. Moreover, women could benefit from habitual coffee drinking of all three coffee types, whereas men could only benefit from drinking BC.

[Volatile Organic Compound Emission Characteristics and Influences Assessment of a Petrochemical Industrial Park in the Pearl River Delta Region].

The petrochemical industry is one of the major emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the current studies have mostly focused on the identification of the chemical characteristics of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) VOCs species from the petroleum refining sub-sector. Research on the characteristics of VOCs components in oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) species and other important sub-sectors is still lacking. Therefore, eight enterprises at a petrochemical industrial park in the Pearl River Delta region were carefully selected to represent three major subsectors, namely petroleum refining, synthetic materials, and organic chemicals, for the petrochemical industry. The VOCs (including 22 OVOCs species) from stack emissions and fugitive emissions, as well as nearby sensitive sites, were sampled, and the source reactivity (SR), the thresholds of malodor, and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed. The main results were as follows:① the VOCs concentrations of the stack emissions from the petrochemical industrial park were between 0.2-46.3 mg·m-3. The VOCs species were greatly affected by the type of after-treatment technology. A major VOC species emitted from the combustion-based after treatments was formaldehyde, whereas the species emitted from the non-combustion-based equipment were acetone, 1,3-butadiene, acrylic, and isobutane. ② The fugitive VOCs emissions from the petroleum storage tank area were dominated by alkanes, whereas the other fugitive emission sites and the sensitive sites were dominated by OVOCs such as acetone, formaldehyde, and ethyl acetate. ③ The SRs were mainly contributed by OVOCs, aromatics, and olefins, with average proportions of 43.1%, 24.2%, and 21.1%, respectively, with the major species being formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, m/p-xylene, ethylene, and toluene. ④ The malodor appeared both in fugitive emission areas and the sensitive sites. The main odor components were OVOCs such as n-butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, hexanal, and valeraldehyde. ⑤ The non-carcinogenic risks occurred in the fugitive emission areas and the sensitive sites of resin, alcohol, and aldehyde production, which were mainly caused by OVOCs such as free acetaldehyde, acrolein, and propionaldehyde. No carcinogenic risk was found in any of the sampled sites. This research can provide scientific support for the formulation of priority VOCs species-based precise control strategies in petrochemical industrial parks.