The effectiveness of eight-years phosphorus reducing inputs on double cropping paddy: Insights into productivity and soil-plant phosphorus trade-off.

Abundant evidence has demonstrated the feasibility of reducing phosphorus (P) input to face diminishing phosphate rock resources and deteriorating environmental quality in double-cropping paddy. However, the sustainability of reduced P input in the context of maintaining productivity and P efficient utilization is not yet clear. Herein, an 8-year (2013-2021) field-based database was built to explore the effects of reduced P input on rice productivity and the soil-plant P trade-off in double-cropping paddy. In the early and late rice seasons, compared with conventional P fertilization (early rice, 90 kg hm-2; late rice, 60 kg hm-2), the average yield of reduced 10 % P treatment increased by 4.3 % and 2.1 %, respectively; reduced 10-30 % P treatments increased average P use efficiency by 17.1-18.4 % and 14.0-17.2 %, decreased average total P runoff loss by 14.9-33.2 % and 20.8-36.4 %, and decreased average total P leaching loss by 18.5-49.0 % and 24.0-46.1 %, respectively. Compared with conventional fertilization, reduced P fertilizer input by 10 % significantly increased the content of the soil labile-P fraction while reducing that of the soil stable-P fraction. Soil ligand-P and exchangeable-P content decreased with the gradient reduction of P fertilizer input (10-30 %). The main predictors of the change in rice yield and plant P uptake were soil ligand-P and exchangeable-P content, respectively. The dominant predictor of both the P runoff loss and the P activation coefficient was the inorganic P content extracted by NaHCO3. These findings suggest that reduced P input by 10 % could maintain rice productivity and P use efficiency in the double-cropping paddy, and the transformations between soil P components and increases in P bioavailability may be the key drivers maintaining rice productivity and P utilization under the context of reduced P loading.

The effectiveness of reed-biochar in mitigating phosphorus losses and enhancing microbially-driven phosphorus dynamics in paddy soil.

Biochar is a promising novel material for mitigating phosphorus (P) loss and enhancing P retention in chemical-amended agricultural soils. However, the optimal application rate for aforesaid effectiveness and potential drivers of the process are not well understood. Herein, a column-based pot experiment was carried out to investigate how and to what extent reed-biochar is effective in positively triggering P loss and availability in paddy soils treated by chemical fertilizer. Compared with chemical-only treatment, the accumulated leakage of total P, dissoluble P, and particulate P in chemical fertilizer coupled with 1-4% reed-biochar treatment decreased by 5.3-13.3%, 8.3-10.4%, and 3.0-15.4%, respectively. The accumulated leakage of total P and dissoluble P in 6-8% rate treatments was increased by 5.6-7.5% and 18.3-32.9%, respectively. Increasing reed-biochar rate from 1% to 8% caused an enhancement in soil total P and available P content and P activation coefficient, and the 4% rate achieved a similar effectiveness to the higher rate. Reed-biochar application increased the abundance and diversty of soil phoD-harboring microbes (P < 0.05), while the increment had little to do with the application rate. Soil phoD-harboring community composition and total C content were the main predictors of the P leaching losses, and meanwhile, the total C content was the dominated predictor of soil P retention and availability. These results suggest that adding 1-4% reed-biochar was more beneficial to mitigate paddy P loss and to enhance soil P availability. This study highlights the importance of understanding how microbial populations mediate P transformation to decipher the biochar-driven improvement of soil P utilization.

The effect of meditative movement on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia is currently ongoing all over the world. The treatment scheme is generally isolation treatment and symptomatic support treatment. While the majority of patients recover from this disease through methods above, COVID-19 Infection severely affect the physical and mental health of rehabilitation patients, as well as their living quality. Thus, meditative movement is needed to improve outcome of COVID-19 patients in recovery period. METHODS: We will conduct systematic searches to identify all relevant studies without any language limitation from the following electronic databases from inception to October 2020: Medline, Ovid, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System and Wan fang Database. At the same time, we will search the following Clinical trial registries to identify records of on-going or completed but not yet published trials, including WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions (TRoPHI) and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR). No limits will be placed on language. The article will study the effect of meditative movement on the quality of life of convalescent patients. The main outcome will be the effect of meditative movement on the quality of life of patients in recovery period. The secondary results will select accompanying symptoms (including myalgia, cough, sputum, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea), disappearance rate, negative COVID-19 results rate on 2 consecutive occasions (not on the same day), the quality of life improved, CT image improvement, average hospitalization time, occurrence rate of common type to severe form, clinical cure rate, and mortality. Data collection and management 3 authors will independently carry out data from eligible studies in a pretested and standardized Microsoft Excel sheet, with reciprocal validation of data extraction results. Data analysis and quantitative data synthesis will be performed using RevMan software (V.5.3). RESULTS: The findings of the study will provide new and relatively high-quality evidence in meditative movement treatment for COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether meditative movement is an effective intervention for patient with COVID-19 in recovery period. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020210256.

Historical Nitrogen Deposition and Straw Addition Facilitate the Resistance of Soil Multifunctionality to Drying-Wetting Cycles.

Climate change is predicted to alter precipitation and drought patterns, which has become a global concern as evidence accumulates that it will affect ecosystem services. Disentangling the ability of soil multifunctionality to withstand this stress (multifunctionality resistance) is a crucial topic for assessing the stability and adaptability of agroecosystems. In this study, we explored the effects of nutrient addition on multifunctionality resistance to drying-wetting cycles and evaluated the importance of microbial functional capacity (characterized by the abundances of genes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles) for this resistance. The multifunctionality of soils treated with nitrogen (N) and straw showed a higher resistance to drying-wetting cycles than did nonamended soils. Microbial functional capacity displayed a positive linear relationship with multifunctionality resistance. Random forest analysis showed that the abundances of the archeal amoA (associated with nitrification) and nosZ and narG (denitrification) genes were major predictors of multifunctionality resistance in soils without straw addition. In contrast, major predictors of multifunctionality resistance in straw amended soils were the abundances of the GH51 (xylan degradation) and fungcbhIF (cellulose degradation) genes. Structural equation modeling further demonstrated the large direct contribution of carbon (C) and N cycling-related gene abundances to multifunctionality resistance. The modeling further elucidated the positive effects of microbial functional capacity on this resistance, which was mediated potentially by a high soil fungus/bacterium ratio, dissolved organic C content, and low pH. The present work suggests that nutrient management of agroecosystems can buffer negative impacts on ecosystem functioning caused by a climate change-associated increase in drying-wetting cycles via enriching functional capacity of microbial communities.IMPORTANCE Current climate trends indicate an increasing frequency of drying-wetting cycles. Such cycles are severe environmental perturbations and have received an enormous amount of attention. Prediction of ecosystem's stability and adaptability requires a better mechanistic understanding of the responses of microbially mediated C and nutrient cycling processes to external disturbance. Assessment of this stability and adaptability further need to disentangle the relationships between functional capacity of soil microbial communities and the resistance of multifunctionality. Study of the physiological responses and community reorganization of soil microbes in response to stresses requires large investments of resources that vary with the management history of the system. Our study provides evidence that nutrient managements on agroecosystems can be expected to buffer the impacts of progressive climate change on ecosystem functioning by enhancing the functional capacity of soil microbial communities, which can serve as a basis for field studies.