NIR-Activatable Heterostructured Nanoadjuvant CoP/NiCoP Executing Lactate Metabolism Interventions for Boosted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Therapy and Photoimmunotherapy.

Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced photoimmunotherapy has aroused great interest due to its intrinsic noninvasiveness and spatiotemporal precision, while immune evasion evoked by lactic acid (LA) accumulation severely limits its clinical outcomes. Although several metabolic interventions have been devoted to ameliorate immunosuppression, intracellular residual LA still remains a potential energy source for oncocyte proliferation. Herein, an immunomodulatory nanoadjuvant based on a yolk-shell CoP/NiCoP (CNCP) heterostructure loaded with the monocarboxylate transporter 4 inhibitor fluvastatin sodium (Flu) is constructed to concurrently relieve immunosuppression and elicit robust antitumor immunity. Under NIR irradiation, CNCP heterojunctions exhibit superior photothermal performance and photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen. The continuous heat then facilitates Flu release to restrain LA exudation from tumor cells, whereas cumulative LA can be depleted as a hole scavenger to improve photocatalytic efficiency. Subsequently, potentiated photocatalytic therapy can not only initiate systematic immunoreaction, but also provoke severe mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupt the energy supply for heat shock protein synthesis, in turn realizing mild photothermal therapy. Consequently, LA metabolic remodeling endows an intensive cascade treatment with an optimal safety profile to effectually suppress tumor proliferation and metastasis, which offers a new paradigm for the development of metabolism-regulated immunotherapy.

π Bridge Engineering-Boosted Dual Enhancement of Type-I Photodynamic and Photothermal Performance for Mitochondria-Targeting Multimodal Phototheranostics of Tumor.

Designing mitochondria-targeting phototheranostic agents (PTAs), which can simultaneously possess exceptional and balanced type-I photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) performance, still remains challenging. Herein, benzene, furan, and thiophene were utilized as π bridges to develop multifunctional PTAs. STB with thiophene as a π bridge, in particular, benefiting from stronger donor-accepter (D-A) interactions, reduced the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES1-T1), allowed more free intramolecular rotation, and exhibited outstanding near-infrared (NIR) emission, effective type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and relatively high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of 51.9%. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that positive-charged STB not only can actively target the mitochondria of tumor cells but also displayed strong antitumor effects and excellent in vivo imaging ability. This work subtly established a win-win strategy by π bridge engineering, breaking the barrier of making a balance between ROS generation and photothermal conversion, boosting a dual enhancement of PDT and PTT performance, and stimulating the development of multimodal imaging-guided precise cancer phototherapy.

Iron oxide-EDTA nanoparticles for chelation-enhanced chemodynamic therapy and ion interference therapy.

As an emerging anti-tumor strategy, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) utilizes a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction to generate highly toxic hydroxyl radicals to kill tumor cells. However, the efficiency of CDT is still hindered by the low Fenton/Fenton-like reaction rate. Herein, we report the combination of ion interference therapy (IIT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) via an amorphous iron oxide (AIO) nanomedicine with encapsulated EDTA-2Na (EDTA). Iron ions and EDTA are released from the nanomedicine in acidic tumors and chelate to form iron ion-EDTA, which improves the efficiency of CDT and promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, EDTA can disrupt the homeostasis of Ca2+ in tumor cells by chelating with Ca2+ ions, which induces the separation of tumor cells and affects normal physiological activities. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments show that the nano chelating drugs exhibit significant improvement in Fenton reaction performance and excellent anti-tumor activity. This study based on chelation provides a new idea for designing efficient catalysts to enhance the Fenton reaction and provides more revelations on future research on CDT.

Heterostructural Nanoadjuvant CuSe/CoSe2 for Potentiating Ferroptosis and Photoimmunotherapy through Intratumoral Blocked Lactate Efflux.

The desirable curative effect in clinical immunotherapy has been challenging due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) with high lactic acid (LA) metabolism in solid tumors. Although targeting metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells can restore the survival and function of immune cells in the TME, it is also plagued by insufficient immunogenicity. Herein, an activatable immunomodulatory nanoadjuvant CuSe/CoSe2@syrosingopine (CSC@Syro) is constructed for simultaneously relieving immunosuppressive TME and boosting tumor immune response. Specifically, CuSe/CoSe2 (CSC) exhibits TME-activated glutathione (GSH) depletion and hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation for potential ferroptosis. Meanwhile, the remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency and elevated photocatalytic ROS level both promote CSC heterostructures to induce robust immunogenic cell death (ICD). Besides, the loaded syrosingopine inhibitor achieves LA metabolism blockade in cancer cells by downregulating the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), which could sensitize ferroptosis by intracellular milieu acidification and neutralize the acidic TME to alleviate immunosuppression. Hence, advanced metabolic modulation confers the potentiated immune infiltration of ICD-stimulated T lymphocytes and further reinforces antitumor therapy. In brief, CSC@Syro-mediated synergistic therapy could elicit potent immunogenicity and suppress tumor proliferation and metastasis effectually by integrating the tumor metabolic regulation and ferroptosis with immunotherapy.

Dendritic Plasmonic CuPt Alloys for Closed-Loop Multimode Cancer Therapy with Remarkably Enhanced Efficacy.

The outcome of laser-triggered plasmons-induced phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is significantly limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in response to heat stress. Mitochondria, the biological battery of cells, can serve as an important breakthrough to overcome these obstacles. Herein, dendritic triangular pyramidal plasmonic CuPt alloys loaded with heat-sensitive NO donor N, N'-di-sec-butyl-N, N'-dinitroso-1,4-phenylenediamine (BNN) is developed. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, plasmonic CuPt can generate superoxide anion free radicals (·O2 - ) and heat simultaneously. The heat generated can then trigger the release of NO gas, which not only enables gas therapy but also damages the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Impaired mitochondrial respiration leads to reduced oxygen consumption and insufficient intracellular ATP supply, which effectively alleviates tumor hypoxia and undermines the synthesis of HSPs, in turn boosting plasmonic CuPt-based PDT and mild PTT. Additionally, the generated NO and ·O2 - can react to form more cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO- ). This work describes a plasmonic CuPt@BNN (CPB) triggered closed-loop NO gas, free radicals, and mild photothermal therapy strategy that is highly effective at reciprocally promoting antitumor outcomes.

Recent progress in upconversion nanomaterials for emerging optical biological applications.

The recent advances of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have made them the ideal "partner" for a variety of biological applications. In this review, we describe the emerging biological optical applications of UCNPs, focus on their potential therapeutic advantages. Firstly, we briefly review the development and mechanisms of upconversion luminescence, including organic and inorganic UCNPs. Next, in the section on UCNPs for imaging and detection, we list the development of UCNPs in visualization, temperature sensing, and detection. In the section on therapy, recent results are described concerning optogenetics and neurotherapy. Tumor therapy is another major part of this section, including the synergistic application of phototherapy such as photoimmunotherapy. In a special section, we briefly cover the integration of UCNPs in therapeutics. Finally, we present our understanding of the limitations and prospects of applications of UCNPs in biological fields, hoping to provide a more comprehensive understanding of UCNPs and attract more attention.

Hollow Aluminum Hydroxide Modified Silica Nanoadjuvants with Amplified Immunotherapy Effects through Immunogenic Cell Death Induction and Antigen Release.

In spite of the widespread application of vaccine adjuvants in various preventive vaccines at present, the existing adjuvants are still hindered by weak cellular immunity responses in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Herein, a hollow silica nanoadjuvant containing aluminum hydroxide spikes on the surface (SiAl) is synthesized for the co-loading of chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) and tumor fragment (TF) as tumor antigens (SiAl@Dox@TF). The obtained nanovaccines show significantly elevated anti-tumor immunity responses thanks to silica and aluminum-based composite nanoadjuvant-mediated tumor antigen release and Dox-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). In addition, the highest frequencies of dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and memory T cells as well as the best mice breast cancer (4T1) tumor growth inhibitory are also observed in SiAl@Dox@TF group, indicating favorable potential of SiAl nanoadjuvants for further applications. This work is believed to provide inspiration for the design of new-style nanoadjuvants and adjuvant-based cancer vaccines.

NIR-Triggered Multi-Mode Antitumor Therapy Based on Bi2 Se3 /Au Heterostructure with Enhanced Efficacy.

Of all the reaction oxygen species (ROS) therapeutic strategies, NIR light-induced photocatalytic therapy (PCT) based on semiconductor nanomaterials has attracted increasing attention. However, the photocatalysts suffer from rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs due to the narrow band gaps, which are greatly restricted in PCT application. Herein, Bi2 Se3 /Au heterostructured photocatalysts are fabricated to solve the problems by introducing Au nanoparticles (NPs) in situ on the surface of the hollow mesoporous structured Bi2 Se3 . Owing to the lower work function of Au NPs, the photo-induced electrons are easier to transfer and assemble on their surfaces, resulting in the increased separation of the electron-hole pairs with efficient ROS generation. Besides, Bi2 Se3 /Au heterostructures also enhance the photothermal efficiency due to the effective orbital overlaps with accelerated electron migrations according to density functional theory calculations. Moreover, the PLGA-PEG and the doxorubicin (DOX) are introduced for photothermal-triggered drug release in the system. The Bi2 Se3 /Au heterostructures also displays excellent infrared thermal (IRT) and computed tomography (CT) dual-modal imaging property for promising cancer diagnosis. Collectively, Bi2 Se3 /Au@PLGA-PEG-DOX exhibits prominent tumor inhibition effect based on synchronous PTT, PCT and chemotherapy triggered by NIR light for efficient antitumor treatment.

Intelligent MoS2-CuO heterostructures with multiplexed imaging and remarkably enhanced antitumor efficacy via synergetic photothermal therapy/ chemodynamic therapy/ immunotherapy.

Rational design of biocompatible nanoplatforms simultaneously realizing multimodal imaging and therapeutic functions is meaningful to cancer treatment. Herein, the MoS2-CuO heteronanocomposites are designed by integrating semiconductor CuO and flower-like MoS2 via a two-step hydrothermal method. After loading bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoadjuvant imiquimod (R837), the obtained MoS2-CuO@BSA/R837 (MCBR) nanoplatforms realize the excellent computed tomography/infrared thermal/magnetic resonance multi-mode bioimaging as well as significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy of synergetic photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/immunotherapy. In this nanoplatform, the semiconductor CuO exhibits peroxidase-like activity, which can react with over-expressed H2O2 in tumor microenvironment (TME) to generate OH for CDT via Haber-Weiss and Fenton-like reactions. And this process can be further accelerated by the generated heat of MoS2 under 808 nm laser irradiation. More importantly, the obtained multifunctional MCBR nanoplatforms under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation would destroy tumor cells to generate tumor associated antigens (TAAs), which combine with R837 as an adjuvant to trigger strong antitumor immune responses for effectively eliminating primary tumors and metastatic tumors.

Virus-Like Fe3O4@Bi2S3 Nanozymes with Resistance-Free Apoptotic Hyperthermia-Augmented Nanozymitic Activity for Enhanced Synergetic Cancer Therapy.

Nanomaterials with intrinsic peroxidase-like activities are able to catalyze the oxidation of the substrate with the peroxide, which have been widely considered as artificial enzymatic agents in cancer therapy. However, current peroxidase catalytic oxidation treatments generating reactive oxygen species rely highly on hydrogen peroxide and pH, which limit greatly their therapeutic efficiency in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report a strategy to construct the complex virus-like Fe3O4@Bi2S3 nanocatalysts (F-BS NCs) by connecting typical peroxidase Fe3O4 (MNPs) with a narrow band gap semiconductor Bi2S3 (BS) to enhance the enzymatic activity resorting to the limited intratumoral peroxide and efficient external photothermal stimuli. In this formulation, the integrated F-BS NCs induce cancer-cell death through mild photothermal treatment and sequential photothermal-stimulative catalysis of H2O2 into highly toxic •OH under 808 nm laser, which successfully realize a remarkable synergistic anticancer achievement.

Yolk-Shell Structured Au Nanostar@Metal-Organic Framework for Synergistic Chemo-photothermal Therapy in the Second Near-Infrared Window.

Light-sensitive yolk-shell nanoparticles (YSNs) as remote-controlled and stimuli-responsive theranostic platforms provide an attractive method for synergistic cancer therapy. Herein, a kind of novel stimuli-responsive multifunctional YSNs has been successfully constructed by integrating star-shaped gold (Au star) nanoparticles as the second near-infrared (NIR-II) photothermal yolks and biodegradable crystalline zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as the shells. In this platform, a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX) was encapsulated into the cavity, which can show the behavior of controlled release due to the degradation process of ZIF-8 in the mildly acidic tumor microenvironment. Upon the 1064 nm (NIR-II biowindow) laser irradiation, gold nanostar@ZIF-8 (Au@MOF) nanoparticles exhibited outstanding synergistic anticancer effect based on their photothermal and promoted cargo release properties. Moreover, the strong NIR region absorbance endows the Au@MOF of NIR thermal imaging and photoacoustic (PA) imaging properties. This work contributes to design a stimuli-responsive "all-in-one" nanocarrier that realizes bimodal imaging diagnosis and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy.

Boosting the antitumor efficacy over a nanoscale porphyrin-based covalent organic polymer via synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy.

Porphyrin-based covalent organic polymer nanoparticles were synthesized via a Schiff base reaction at room temperature. The resulting product showed a good photodynamic effect and a high photothermal conversion efficiency (34.88%). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the enhanced antitumor efficacy via synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy.

Intelligent Hollow Pt-CuS Janus Architecture for Synergistic Catalysis-Enhanced Sonodynamic and Photothermal Cancer Therapy.

As a noninvasive treatment modality, ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) shows broad and promising applications to overcome the drawbacks of traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combating cancer. However, the SDT efficacy is still not satisfactory without oxygen (O2) assistance. In addition, there is also much space to explore the SDT-based synergistic therapeutic modalities. Herein, a novel Pt-CuS Janus composed of hollow semiconductor CuS and noble metallic Pt was rationally designed and successfully synthesized. The hollow CuS shows a large inner cavity for loading sonosensitizer molecules (tetra-(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin, TAPP) to implement SDT. Moreover, the deposition of Pt not only enhances photothermal performance compared with those of CuS nanoparticles (NPs) due to the effect of the local electric field enhancement but also possesses nanozyme activity for catalyzing decomposition of endogenous overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce O2 that can overcome tumor hypoxia and augment the SDT-induced highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for efficient cancer cell apoptosis. Importantly, the generated heat of Pt-CuS by 808 nm laser irradiation can accelerate the catalytic activity of Pt and elevate the O2 level that further facilitates SDT efficacy. Interestingly, the thermally sensitive copolymer coated around the Janus can act as a smart switch to regulate the catalytic ability of Pt and control TAPP release that has a significant effect on modulating the therapeutic effect. The synergistic catalysis-enhanced SDT efficiency and highly photothermal effect almost realized complete tumor resection without obvious reoccurrence and simultaneously displayed a highly therapeutic biosafety. Furthermore, the high optical absorbance allows the as-synthesized Pt-CuS Janus for photoacoustic (PA) imaging and NIR thermal imaging. This work develops a versatile nanoplatform for a multifunctional theranostic strategy and broadens the biological applications by rationally designing their structure.

Large-Pore Mesoporous-Silica-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants with Ultrahigh Photosensitizer and Antigen Loading Efficiency for Improved Cancer Photodynamic Immunotherapy.

Reported immunoadjuvants still have many limitations, such as inferior cellular uptake capacity and biocompatibility, overly large particle sizes, single function, and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Here, large-pore mesoporous-silica-coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCMSs) with a size of less than 100 nm are successfully prepared by a typical silica sol-gel reaction using mesitylene as a pore-swelling agent and are applied as a novel immunoadjuvant. The obtained UCMSs not only show significantly higher loadings for the photosensitizers merocyanine 540 (MC540), model proteins (chicken ovalbumin (OVA)), and tumor antigens (tumor cell fragment (TF)), but also are successfully employed for highly efficient in vivo vaccine delivery. The prepared UCMSs-MC540-OVA under 980 nm near-infrared irradiation shows the best synergistic immunopotentiation action, verified by the strongest Th1 and Th2 immune responses and the highest frequency of CD4+ , CD8+ , and effector-memory T cells. Additionally, nanovaccines UCMSs-MC540-TF can more effectively inhibit tumor growth and increase the survival of colon cancer (CT26)-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice compared with either photodynamic therapy or immunological therapy alone, suggesting the enhanced immunotherapy efficacy and clinical potential of UCMSs as immunoadjuvants for cancer immunotherapy.

cis-Platinum pro-drug-attached CuFeS2 nanoplates for in vivo photothermal/photoacoustic imaging and chemotherapy/photothermal therapy of cancer.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted considerable attention in cancer treatment. Herein, the facile synthesis of copper iron sulfide (chalcopyrite, CuFeS2) nanoplates (NPs) with well-defined shape was achieved by a template-mediated method. Chitosan (CS), a linear cationic polysaccharide, was used to improve the physiological stability and biocompatibility. CuFeS2 NPs with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance enabled contrasts in photothermal and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In vitro and in vivo tumor ablation studies further demonstrated that CS-functionalized CuFeS2 (CuFeS2-CS) NPs could convert 808 nm NIR light into heat for PTT with a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 30.5%, which was clearly higher than that of CuS NPs (only 21.4%). Furthermore, CuFeS2-CS NPs could also load cis-platinum pro-drug (CuFeS2-CS-Pt), and CuFeS2-CS-Pt showed a better synergistic therapeutic effect with respect to either chemotherapy or PTT.

Self-Templated Stepwise Synthesis of Monodispersed Nanoscale Metalated Covalent Organic Polymers for In Vivo Bioimaging and Photothermal Therapy.

Size- and shape-controlled growth of nanoscale microporous organic polymers (MOPs) is a big challenge scientists are confronted with; meanwhile, rendering these materials for in vivo biomedical applications is still scarce. In this study, a monodispersed nanometalated covalent organic polymer (MCOP, M=Fe, Gd) with sizes around 120 nm was prepared by a self-templated two-step solution-phase synthesis method. The metal ions (Fe3+ , Gd3+ ) played important roles in generating a small particle size and in the functionalization of the products during the reaction with p-phenylenediamine (Pa). The resultant Fe-Pa complex was used as a template for the subsequent formation of MCOP following the Schiff base reaction with 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp). A high tumor suppression efficiency for this Pa-based COP is reported for the first time. This study demonstrates the potential use of MCOP as a photothermal agent for photothermal therapy (PTT) and also provides an alternative route to fabricate nano-sized MCOPs.

Rational design of a comprehensive cancer therapy platform using temperature-sensitive polymer grafted hollow gold nanospheres: simultaneous chemo/photothermal/photodynamic therapy triggered by a 650 nm laser with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy.

Combining multi-model treatments within one single system has attracted great interest for the purpose of synergistic therapy. In this paper, hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNs) coated with a temperature-sensitive polymer, poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate-co-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (p(OEGMA-co-MEMA)), co-loaded with DOX and a photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) were successfully synthesized. As high as 58% DOX and 6% Ce6 by weight could be loaded onto the HAuNs-p(OEGMA-co-MEMA) nanocomposites. The grafting polymer brushes outside the HAuNs play the role of "gate molecules" for controlled drug release by 650 nm laser radiation owing to the temperature-sensitive property of the polymer and the photothermal effect of HAuNs. The HAuNs-p(OEGMA-co-MEMA)-Ce6-DOX nanocomposites with 650 nm laser radiation show effective inhibition of cancer cells in vitro and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. In contrast, control groups without laser radiation show little cytotoxicity. The nanocomposite demonstrates a way of "killing three birds with one stone", that is, chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy are triggered simultaneously by the 650 nm laser stimulation. Therefore, the nanocomposites show the great advantages of multi-modal synergistic effects for cancer therapy by a remote-controlled laser stimulus.

DNA-Hybrid-Gated Photothermal Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for NIR-Responsive and Aptamer-Targeted Drug Delivery.

Near-infrared light is an attractive stimulus due to its noninvasive and deep tissue penetration. Particularly, NIR light is utilized for cancer thermotherapy and on-demand release of drugs by the disruption of the delivery carriers. Here we have prepared a novel NIR-responsive DNA-hybrid-gated nanocarrier based on mesoporous silica-coated Cu1.8S nanoparticles. Cu1.8S nanoparticles, possessing high photothermal conversion efficiency under a 980 nm laser, were chosen as photothermal agents. The mesoporous silica structure could be used for drug storage/delivery and modified with aptamer-modified GC-rich DNA-helix as gatekeepers, drug vectors, and targeting ligand. Simultaneously, the as-produced photothermal effect caused denaturation of DNA double strands, which triggered the drug release of the DNA-helix-loaded hydrophilic drug doxorubicin and mesopore-loaded hydrophobic drug curcumin, resulting in a synergistic therapeutic effect. The Cu1.8S@mSiO2 nanocomposites endocytosed by cancer cells through the aptamer-mediated mode are able to generate rational release of doxorubicin/curcumin under NIR irradiation, strongly enhancing the synergistic growth-inhibitory effect of curcumin against doxorubicin in MCF-7 cells, which is associated with a strong mitochondrial-mediated cell apoptosis progression. The underlying mechanism of apoptosis showed a strong synergistic inhibitory effect both on the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and upregulated caspase 3/9 activity and on the expression level of Bak and Bax. Therefore, Cu1.8S@mSiO2 with efficient synergistic therapeutic efficiency is a potential multifunctional cancer therapy nanoplatform.

[Effect of Qingyi Chengqi Decoction on severe acute pancreatitis patients: a clinical study].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients, and to study the effect of Qingyi Chengqi Decoction (QCD) on it. METHODS: Eighty-six SAP patients from Department of General Surgery and Department of Digestive Diseases, Qingyang People's Hospital, Gansu Province, who were in line with diagnosis standard of SAP, were assigned to the treatment group (44 cases) and the control group (42 cases) from March 2012 to May 2013. All patients received routine Western medicine. Those in the treatment group took QCD additionally. Main clinical symptoms and APACHE II were observed. The serum levels of amylase (AMY), C-reactive protein (CRP), and IAP were examined. The incidence of secondary infection rate (SIR), drainage rate (percutaneous catheter drainage and operation), mortality, and mean days in ward were also recorded. RESULTS: Main clinical symptoms were significantly improved in the treatment group. APACHE II score, serum levels of AMY, CRP, and IAP obviously decreased in the treatment group. The incidence of SIR, drainage rate, and the mortality were also significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. The mean days in ward were also markedly shortened (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: QCD could relieve inflammatory response, lower IAP, SIR, and mortality, increase the curative rate and improve the prognosis of SAP.