Dietary patterns and longitudinal change in hip bone mineral density among older men.

Studying dietary patterns is often more informative than individual nutrients or foods. We found that a Prudent dietary pattern (rich in vegetables and fish) was associated with reduced loss of total hip BMD in older men. A Prudent dietary pattern may be a potential lifestyle strategy for minimizing bone loss. INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify baseline dietary patterns using factor analysis in a cohort of older men and to evaluate whether the dietary patterns were associated with bone mineral density change (%ΔBMD) at the total hip and femoral neck over time. METHODS: Participants (n = 4379; mean age 72.9 ± 5.5 years) were from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) prospective cohort study and had dietary data collected at baseline (March 2000-April 2002) and BMD measured at baseline and Visit 2 (March 2005-May 2006). Dietary intake was assessed with a brief Block food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); %ΔBMD was calculated from baseline to Visit 2. We used generalized linear regression to estimate least square (LS) means of %ΔBMD in quartiles of the dietary pattern scores adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Two major dietary patterns were derived: Prudent (abundant in vegetables, salad, and non-fried fish) and Western (rich in hamburger, fries, processed meats, cheese, and sweets/desserts). There was an inverse association between adherence to the Prudent pattern and total hip %ΔBMD (p-trend = 0.028 after adjusting for age and clinical site; p-trend = 0.033 after further adjustment for smoking, calcium supplement use, diabetes, hypertension, and total energy intake). No other consistent associations between dietary patterns and %ΔBMD were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Greater adherence to a Prudent dietary pattern may attenuate total hip BMD loss (%ΔBMD) in older men.

Demographic factors associated with the diet quality of older US men: baseline data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study.

OBJECTIVE: Throughout the world, the proportion of the male population aged 65 years and older is increasing. Yet, we have limited information regarding diet quality and predictors of diet quality in this segment of the population. The objectives of the current analyses are to describe the diet quality of a cohort of men >65 years of age, and identify lifestyle factors associated with poor diet quality. METHODS: We present a cross-sectional analysis of the diet quality of 5928 men, aged 65-100 years, who are participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort study. Dietary intake was determined using a modified Block 98 food-frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was calculated using the previously validated Diet Quality Index-Revised (DQI-R). Univariate and multivariate modelling was used to estimate the variance in diet quality predicted by a number of sociodemographic factors, including age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, smoking status, physical activity, self-perceived health and nutritional supplement use. RESULTS: Overall, we found that in this geographically diverse group of older men, diet quality was low, with a mean modified DQI-R for the entire study population of 62.5 (standard deviation 13.1) out of an ideal of 100. Further, younger age, very low total calorie intake (< or = 1187 kcal day- 1), higher BMI, residence in a North or Southeast community, being of African-American or Hispanic race, being less educated, not using dietary supplements and smoking were each significant independent predictors of a poorer diet. CONCLUSION: These data may prove useful in both understanding the dietary intake of older US men as it relates to published dietary guidelines, and for targeting future dietary intervention programmes.