Negative Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to Hand-Expressed Colostrum from SARS-CoV-2-Positive Mothers.

Aim: The objective of our study was to determine whether the SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers transmit the virus to their hand-expressed colostrum. Methods: This is an observational prospective study that included pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR test on a nasopharyngeal swab at the moment of childbirth and who wanted to breastfeed their newborns. A colostrum sample was obtained from the mothers by manual self-extraction. To collect the samples, the mothers wore surgical masks, washed their hands with an 85% alcohol-based gel, and washed their breast with gauze that was saturated with soap and water. Results: We obtained seven colostrum samples from different mothers in the first hours postdelivery. SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in any of the colostrum samples obtained in our study. Conclusion: In our study, breast milk was not a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Hand expression (assuring that a mask is used and that appropriate hygienic measures are used for the hands and the breast), when direct breastfeeding is not possible, appears to be a safe way of feeding newborns of mothers with COVID-19.

Kinetics and modeling of cell growth for potential anthocyanin induction in cultures of Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers (Dandelion) in vitro

Background: Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers is a wild plant used in folk medicine to treat several diseases owing to bioactive secondary metabolites present in its tissue. The accumulation of such molecules in plant cells can occur as a response against abiotic stress, but these metabolites are often deposited in low concentrations. For this reason, the use of a biotechnological approach to improve the yields of technologically interesting bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins is a compelling option. This work focuses on investigating the potential of in vitro T. officinale cultures as an anthocyanin source. Results: To demonstrate the suitability of anthocyanin induction and accumulation in calluses under specific conditions, anthocyanin was induced in the T. officinale callus. A specific medium of 5.5% sucrose supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine /1-naphthaleneacetic acid in a 10:1 ratio was used to produce an anthocyanin yield of 1.23 mg g-1 fw. An in vitro dandelion callus line was established from this experiment. Five mathematical models were then used to objectively and predictably explain the growth of anthocyanin-induced calluses from T. officinale. Of these models, the Richards model offered the most suitable representation of anthocyanin callus growth in a solid medium and permitted the calculation of the corresponding kinetic parameters. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the potential of an in vitro anthocyanin-induced callus line from T. officinale as an industrial anthocyanin source.

The enhancement of antioxidant compounds extracted from Thymus vulgaris using enzymes and the effect of extracting solvent.

We evaluate the total phenolic compounds (TPC) content and the antioxidant activity (AA) of extracts obtained from ground fresh thyme (FT) and depleted thyme (DT), a by-product of the process of essential oil extraction. In addition, enzymatic treatments were evaluated to improve the extraction yields of polyphenolic compounds from thyme. Extractions were performed using several solvents as methanol, ethanol, and water. Enzymes were applied prior to extraction or during the extraction process. The best results were obtained using a mixture of methanol and water, resulting in 2790 and 220 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L of TPC for FT and DT, respectively. A similar result was observed for AA. With regard to enzymatic treatment, application of Grindamyl CA 150 enzyme as a pre-treatment resulted in the production of an extract from DT with 614 mg TE (trolox equivalent)/L of AA, 70% more than the control, and an AA of 621 mg TE/L (74% more than the control sample) was obtained using Grindamyl CA 150 during the extraction process. These results suggest that enzymatic treatment is an interesting alternative for producing antioxidant extracts from DT.

Aminoglucósidos: ¿Cuándo y por qué usar en monodosis? / Aminoglucoside, when and why should they be administered once a day?

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para unificar criterios sobre el uso de aminoglucósidos en intervalo extendido o monodosis. Se hizo una intensa búsqueda para encontrar las referencias de los estudios calificados y de los artículos de revisión sobre este tema. Los criterios de selección exigían que fueran estudios clínicos controlados y aleatorios en pacientes adultos, que compararan dosis única versus dosis múltiples, y que la administración de los medicamentos fuera por vía parenteral(AU)

Aminoglucósidos: ¿Cuándo y por qué usar en monodosis? / Aminoglucoside, when and why should they be administered once a day?

Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para unificar criterios sobre el uso de aminoglucósidos en intervalo extendido o monodosis. Se hizo una intensa búsqueda para encontrar las referencias de los estudios calificados y de los artículos de revisión sobre este tema. Los criterios de selección exigían que fueran estudios clínicos controlados y aleatorios en pacientes adultos, que compararan dosis única versus dosis múltiples, y que la administración de los medicamentos fuera por vía parenteral

Colorantes naturales. evaluación de la bixa orellana lin que crece en Cuba / Natural stain: evaluation of bixa orellana lin: growing in Cuba

Se establece una evaluación del contenido de bixin en la planta Bixa orellana Lin (bija) que crece en el país y se comparan los índices de calidad del producto obtenido con lo reportado en la literatura para dicho colorante. Empleando cloroformo en la extracciòn de 100 g de las semillas secas y molidas de Bixa orellana Lin, se obtuvo el 5

del colorante puro

Colorantes naturales: evaluación de la bixa orellana lin que crece en Cuba / Natural stain: evaluation of bixa orellana lin: growing in Cuba

Se establece una evaluación del contenido de bixin en la planta Bixa orellana Lin (bija) que crece en el país y se comparan los índices de calidad del producto obtenido con lo reportado en la literatura para dicho colorante. Empleando cloroformo en la extracciòn de 100 g de las semillas secas y molidas de Bixa orellana Lin, se obtuvo el 5% del colorante puro

Niveles séricos y excreción urinaria de magnesio en la gestación: influencia de la ingesta láctea / Serum levels and urinary excretion of magnesium in pregnancy: effect of milk intake

Se estudió la evolución del magnesio sérico y urinario a lo largo de la gestación, en un grupo de 107 gestantes. Un total de 66 mantuvieron su alimentación habitual y 41 la suplementaron con 750 cc de leche. Luego se compararon los resultados con los de 30 mujeres no gestantes, 16 con alimentación habitual y 14 suplentada. Se calculó el consumo aproximado de magnesio, que no alcanzó las recomendaciones establecidas para la gestación. Las gestantes del segundo y tercer trimestre acusaron niveles de magnesio en sangre más bajos que los de la gestación en ambos grupos. En todos los trimestres de embarazo la excreción urinaria de magnesio fue superior en ambos grupos de gestantes que en la población control. Existió, pues, durante la gestación, hipomagnesemia e hipermagnesuria no influenciadas por la ingesta láctea