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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(4,supl.3): 1049-1054, 2015. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-776608

RESUMO

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a triagem fitoquímica e avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos das flores de Sambucus nigraL. Os extratos; aquoso (10 %), etanólico (5 %) e Acetato de etila (5 %) foram submetidos a testes colorimétricos para triagem fitoquímica e a avaliação da atividade antibacteriana foi realizada pelo método de disco-difusão em ágar. Os resultados mostraram que nas concentrações de 6 e 12 mg o extrato aquoso apresentou halos significativos de inibição para Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Streptococcus pyogenes, porém, quando comparado aos medicamentos usados como referência a atividade não foi satisfatória, e, ainda, evidenciou a ausência de inibição para todas as cepas testadas com o aumento da concentração para 18 e 24 mg. A análise da triagem fitoquímica evidenciou a presença de flavonoides com intensa reação de cor no extrato aquoso e etanólico, e de fraca intensidade no extrato acetato de etila. Nos mesmos extratos, pelos testes realizados, não foram detectados taninos, saponinas, antraquinonas e alcaloides. Concluiu-se que o extrato aquoso apresentou melhor efeito inibitório para Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Streptococcus pyogenes, porém insuficiente para promover a inativação eficiente quando comparado aos controles.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to perform a phytochemical screening and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts of Sambucusnigra L. flowers. The aqueous (10%), ethanolic (5%) and ethyl acetate (5%) extracts were subjected to colorimetric tests for phytochemical screening and the antibacterial activity evaluation was performed by the disk-diffusion method in agar. The results showed that in the 6 and 12 mg concentrations the aqueous extract presented significant inhibition halos for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes, but when compared with the medicines used as a reference, the activity was not satisfactory and, besides, it indicated the absence of inhibition for all the tested strains with the concentration increase of 18 and 24mg. The phytochemical screening analysis showed the presence of flavonoids with intense color reaction in the aqueous and ethanol extracts, and of low intensity in the ethyl acetate sample. In the same extracts, the tests did not detect tannins, saponins, alkaloids and anthraquinones. It was concluded that the aqueous extract showed better inhibitory effect on the Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes, but not enough to promote an effective inactivation when compared with the medicine tests.


Assuntos
Caprifoliaceae/classificação , Sambucus nigra/classificação , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Extratos Vegetais/classificação
2.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 20(4): 284-94, 2010 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20303720

RESUMO

Olive oil (OO) is the most representative food of the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Increasing evidence suggests that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) as a nutrient, OO as a food, and the MedDiet as a food pattern are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. A MedDiet rich in OO and OO per se has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipid profiles, blood pressure, postprandial hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and antithrombotic profiles. Some of these beneficial effects can be attributed to the OO minor components. Therefore, the definition of the MedDiet should include OO. Phenolic compounds in OO have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, prevent lipoperoxidation, induce favorable changes of lipid profile, improve endothelial function, and disclose antithrombotic properties. Observational studies from Mediterranean cohorts have suggested that dietary MUFA may be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies consistently support the concept that the OO-rich MedDiet is compatible with healthier aging and increased longevity. In countries where the population adheres to the MedDiet, such as Spain, Greece and Italy, and OO is the principal source of fat, rates of cancer incidence are lower than in northern European countries. Experimental and human cellular studies have provided new evidence on the potential protective effect of OO on cancer. Furthermore, results of case-control and cohort studies suggest that MUFA intake including OO is associated with a reduction in cancer risk (mainly breast, colorectal and prostate cancers).


Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Saúde , Óleos de Plantas , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Cognição/fisiologia , Consenso , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Expectativa de Vida , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas/química , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco
3.
Eur J Clin Invest ; 35(7): 421-4, 2005 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16008542

RESUMO

1. Ageing represents a great concern in developed countries because the number of people involved and the pathologies related with it, like atherosclerosis, morbus Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive decline, diabetes and cancer. 2. Epidemiological studies suggest that a Mediterranean diet (which is rich in virgin olive oil) decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. 3. The Mediterranean diet, rich in virgin olive oil, improves the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as the lipoprotein profile, blood pressure, glucose metabolism and antithrombotic profile. Endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress are also positively modulated. Some of these effects are attributed to minor components of virgin olive oil. Therefore, the definition of the Mediterranean diet should include virgin olive oil. 4. Different observational studies conducted in humans have shown that the intake of monounsaturated fat may be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. 5. Microconstituents from virgin olive oil are bioavailable in humans and have shown antioxidant properties and capacity to improve endothelial function. Furthermore they are also able to modify the haemostasis, showing antithrombotic properties. 6. In countries where the populations fulfilled a typical Mediterranean diet, such as Spain, Greece and Italy, where virgin olive oil is the principal source of fat, cancer incidence rates are lower than in northern European countries. 7. The protective effect of virgin olive oil can be most important in the first decades of life, which suggests that the dietetic benefit of virgin olive oil intake should be initiated before puberty, and maintained through life. 8. The more recent studies consistently support that the Mediterranean diet, based in virgin olive oil, is compatible with a healthier ageing and increased longevity. However, despite the significant advances of the recent years, the final proof about the specific mechanisms and contributing role of the different components of virgin olive oil to its beneficial effects requires further investigations.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dieta Mediterrânea , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Óleos de Plantas , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/farmacologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Azeite de Oliva , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia
4.
Rev. iberoam. fisioter. kinesiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 8(2): 59-69, jul. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043878

RESUMO

La recuperación de documentación científica específica de Fisioterapia sigue siendo una tarea difícil. No existen bases de datos específicas, los buscadores te ofrecen resultados poco exhaustivos, las revistas españolas de mayor difusión no están indizadas en bases de datos relevantes y la terminología específica ni siquiera está registrada. Quizás uno de los problemas para la recuperación de documentos sea consecuencia de la identificación de esos artículos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la identificación de los artículos, mediante las palabras clave, para determinar cuáles son los descriptores utilizados por los autores y comprobar si están registradas o no en la lista del "Medical Subject Heading" (MeSH), para ello se estudian las publicaciones: Fisioterapia y la Revista Iberoamericana de Fisioterapia y Kinesiología. Metodología: Recopilación de las palabras clave en inglés desde el documento primario en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2000-2003 y comprobar si pertenecen al MeSH. Para su registro y análisis se ha utilizado el programa ACCESS 2000 y el programa estadístico SPSS versión 11.5. Resultados: El 59,1 % de las palabras clave de la revista Fisioterapia y el 56,1 % de la Revista iberoamericana de Fisioterapia y Kinesiología no pertenecen al tesauro MeSH. Conclusiones: Hay un gran número de artículos con descriptores no pertenecientes al MeSH. La identificación de los artículos la realizan los autores en base al contenido. Existen palabras clave específicas de la disciplina de Fisioterapia que no se registran en el MeSH. El gran número de especialidades en fisioterapia, la falta del análisis y registro de la terminología, conllevan la dificultad en la identificación y recuperación de los documentos


The specific scientific documentation retrieval in Physiotherapy is still a hard job. There are no specific databases, searchers do not offer exhaustive results, the most distributed spanish journals are not indexed in important databases and the specific terminology is not even registered. Perhaps one of the problems for the document retrieval is consequence of the identification of these articles. The objective of this research is to analyse the identification of articles, by keywords, to determine which descriptors are used by the authors and to check if they are registered or not in the list of the "Medical Subject Heading" (MeSH), for that, the publications studied are: "Fisioterapia" and "Revista Iberoamericana de Fisioterapia y Kinesología". Methodology: Compilation of keywords in english from the primary documents, between the years 2000 and 2003, and check if they belong to MeSH. For registering and analysing the key words the authors have used the program ACCESS 2000 and the statistical program SPSS version 11.5. Results: The 59,1 % of the key words from the journal "Fisioterapia" and the 56,1 % from the publication "Revista Iberoamericana de Fisioterapia y Kinesología" do not belong to the thesaurus MeSH. Conclusions: There are a lot of articles with descriptors that do not belong to the MeSH. The authors identify the articles on the basis of their contents. In the Physiotherapy discipline exist especific key words not registered in the MeSH. The multitude of special fields in Physiotherapy, the lack of analysis and recording of the terminology, carry the difficulty in the identification and document retrieval


Assuntos
Humanos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/tendências , Indexação e Redação de Resumos , Descritores , Terminologia , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/tendências
5.
Allerg Immunol (Paris) ; 32(3): 109-10, 2000 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10815239

RESUMO

The concentration of airborne pollen from Cupressaceae was regularly monitored++ in Lisbon during 1997 and 1999, and the phenology of flowering cypress was studied in several species of the genus from 1992 to February 2000. Both methods showed a peak of pollen abundance during the month of February, with the airborne pollen concentration decreasing strongly to March and April. The results obtained are in accordance with the literature for the Mediterranean area, but in Lisbon the peak started and finished earlier than in other Mediterranean towns already studied.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/análise , Pólen , Cidades , Portugal , Estações do Ano , Especificidade da Espécie , Árvores
6.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 112(4): 133-7, 1999 Feb 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10074631

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Plasma glucose, insulin and blood pressure are wellknown cardiovascular risk factors, which may be influence by dietary factors. The aim of the study was to investigate whether changes in dietary fatty acids could modify plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and mean blood pressure (MBP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty two subjects (18 women and 24 men) were placed in four consecutive five week diet periods. Energy intake from proteins, carbohydrates and fats was constant during the study and there was only changes on fatty acids composition. First period was enriched on saturated fatty acids (SFA), second period on monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and third and fourth periods were enriched on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fourth period was also enriched on PUFA n-3. RESULTS: No significant changes were found on glucose and insulin plasma concentration. However, a significant effect was detected on MBP on total population (p < 0.0001) and by gender. MUFA and PUFA n-3 enriched diet decreased significantly MBP compared to SFA enriched diet AGS (85.7, SD 9.1, 87.3, SD 8.7 y 90.3, SD 8.8 mmHg, respectively). In addition, a weak (r = 0.28) but significant (p = 0.002) correlation was found between MBP and plasma insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Diets enriched on MUFA fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids decrease significantly MBP without modifying glucose and insulin plasma concentration.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Alimentos Fortificados , Insulina/sangue , Análise de Variância , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Alimentos Fortificados/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
7.
Eur J Clin Invest ; 29(2): 129-38, 1999 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10092999

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fatty acids have shown to be both modulators and messengers of signals triggered at the level of cell membranes. There is, however, controversy about the role of fatty acids in cell proliferation kinetics, and it is still unknown whether cell proliferation can be regulated by fatty acid dietary intake in humans. Our objective was to investigate whether feasible changes in the human dietary food intake that induce significant changes in lipids, fatty acids and the oxidative state were able to influence proliferation kinetics of the leukaemia cell line HL-60. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy men and women were subjected to four consecutive dietary periods with increasing degree of unsaturation: saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). Plasma lipids and oxidation parameters were controlled during each period. Serum from each subject in the four dietary periods was incubated for 3 days with the leukaemia cell line, HL-60 (250 x 10(3) cell mL-1), to study cell proliferation. RESULTS: In men, an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet showed a significant inhibition of DNA duplication with respect to a saturated-enriched diet, but the effect is not sufficient in blocking cell proliferation. However, as expected, the in vitro addition of fatty acids to HL-60 cells significantly halted proliferation. In addition, the HL-60 growth ratio was shown to be inversely correlated with plasma vitamin E (P = 0.0004) and oleic acid in phospholipids (P = 0.01) in plasma of the individuals in the dietary intervention study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that changes in serum fatty acid composition obtained with dietary changes, without extreme variations of the regular diets of a free-living population, cannot block HL-60 cell proliferation.


Assuntos
Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Sangue , Replicação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacologia , Feminino , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fosfolipídeos/sangue , Análise de Regressão , Vitamina E/sangue
8.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 110(17): 641-5, 1998 May 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9656207

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) is a known risk factor for coronary heart disease. Lp(a) plasma concentration mainly depends on genetic polymorphism. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of dietary fat saturation on Lp(a) plasma concentration. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty two subjects (eighteen women and twenty four men) were placed in four consecutive 5 weeks diet periods. Energy intake from proteins, carbohydrates and fats was constant during the study and there were only changes on fatty acids composition. First period was enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA), second period in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and third and fourth periods were enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fourth period was also enriched in PUFA n-3 (blue fish). RESULTS: Changes on dietary fat saturation had a significant effect on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Lp(a) plasma concentration was minimum in SFA phase (6.8 [SD 7.3] mg/dl), increasing during MUFA phase (8.7 [8.5] mg/dl) and was maximum in PUFA n-6 and PUFA n-3 (11.5 [11.1] and 12.7 [11.9] mg/dl, respectively) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Changes on dietary fat saturation significantly modify Lp(a) plasma concentration. These variations went in opposite direction to LDL-cholesterol modifications and were clinically irrelevant.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Lipídeos/sangue , Lipoproteína(a)/sangue , Adulto , Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Atherosclerosis ; 137(2): 367-76, 1998 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9622280

RESUMO

Previous studies have shown that the A to G transition occurring at position -75 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site in the human apolipoprotein A-I gene may affect plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response to changes in amount of dietary fat. We have examined the response to dietary fat saturation as a function of this mutation in 50 men and women. Subjects were first fed a saturated (SAT) fat diet (35% fat, 17% SAT) for 28 days, followed by a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty (MUFA) acids (35% fat, 22% MUFA) for 35 days and a diet rich in polyunsaturated (PUFA) fat (35% fat, 13% PUFA) for 35 days. All meals were prepared and consumed at the study sites. Lipoproteins were measured at the end of each diet period. The allele frequency for the A allele was 0.13. Subjects carrying the A allele had higher plasma cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride levels than those homozygotes for the G allele. As compared to the SAT diet, a PUFA diet induced significantly greater plasma total (P = 0.003) and LDL-C decreases (P = 0.001) in G/A women (-1.62 and -1.32 mmol/l, respectively) than in G/G subjects (-0.87 and -0.74 mmol/l for plasma and LDL-C, respectively). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that in women, the variability in LDL-C response from a diet rich in SAT fat to a diet rich in PUFA was primarily due to LDL-C levels (during the SAT phase), accounting for 55.1% of the variance, waist to hip ratio (W/H; 11.4%) and the G/A polymorphism (10%). Whereas in men the major determinant of this response was smoking (21.4%). In conclusion, the G/A polymorphism appears to have a small but significant effect on plasma LDL-C responsiveness to changes in dietary fat saturation specially in women.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-I/genética , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Hipercolesterolemia/genética , Mutação , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Adulto , DNA/análise , Primers do DNA/química , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/dietoterapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , Período Pós-Prandial , Triglicerídeos/sangue
10.
Eur J Clin Invest ; 27(9): 780-7, 1997 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9352251

RESUMO

The effects of dietary fat saturation on eicosanoid urinary excretion, platelet aggregation (PA) and blood pressure (BP) were studied in 42 healthy subjects. They consumed four consecutive diets differing in their fat saturation [saturated (SFA); monounsaturated (MUFA); polyunsaturated n-6 (PUFA n-6); and polyunsaturated n-6/n-3, (PUFA n-3)]. Each diet period lasted 5 weeks. There were no differences in 24-h 2,3-dinor-6- keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion among dietary periods. A significant effect was noted regarding the excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (P < 0.0001). During the PUFA n-6 phase the excretion was significantly higher than during SFA and MUFA periods. Dietary fatty acid composition had a significant effect on ADP (1 mumolL-1) and collagen (2 mgL-1) induced PA. Dietary fat also had a significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001). Both were significantly higher during the SFA period than during the other three periods. Our findings suggest that changes in dietary fatty acids may have mild, but significant, effects on eicosanoid production, platelet aggregation and blood pressure.


Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Eicosanoides/urina , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Agregação Plaquetária , 6-Cetoprostaglandina F1 alfa/análogos & derivados , 6-Cetoprostaglandina F1 alfa/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Colesterol/sangue , Endotelina-1/sangue , Metabolismo Energético , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fosfolipídeos/sangue , Tromboxano B2/análogos & derivados , Tromboxano B2/urina
11.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 16(11): 1347-55, 1996 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8911273

RESUMO

Forty-two healthy men and women were subjected to four consecutive dietary periods differing in the fat content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6) [PUFA(n-6)] and (n-3) [PUFA(n-3)]. Plasma lipids, vitamin E, and in vitro LDL oxidation were examined during each period. Adhesion of human monocytes to cultured human endothelial cells was used as a functional test to identify differences in the biological properties of LDL from each dietary period. Consumption of an SFA-rich diet resulted in higher LDL cholesterol (4.06 +/- 0.85 mmol/L, P < .05) than did consumption of MUFA- (3.59 +/- 0.75 mmol/L), PUFA(n-6)- (3.44 +/- 0.77 mmol/L), or PUFA(n-3)- (3.31 +/- 0.8 mmol/L) rich diets. HDL cholesterol was lower during both PUFA-rich diets (1.24 +/- 0.28 and 1.27 +/- 0.28 mmol/L for n-6 and n-3, respectively) than during the SFA-(1.32 +/- 0.36 mmol/L) and MUFA- (1.32 +/- 0.34 mmol/L) rich diets. LDL resistance to copper-induced oxidation, expressed as lag time, was highest during the MUFA-rich diet (55.1 +/- 7.3 minutes) and lowest during the PUFA(n-3)- (45.3 +/- 7 minutes) and SFA- (45.3 +/- 6.4 minutes) rich diets. LDL induction of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells was lower during the MUFA-rich diet than the other periods. The highest monocyte adhesion was obtained during the PUFA(n-3) and SFA dietary periods. In conclusion, an MUFA-rich diet benefits plasma lipid levels compared with an SFA-rich diet. Furthermore, this diet results in an increased resistance of LDL to oxidation and a lower rate of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells than the other dietary fats examined.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Monócitos/patologia , Adulto , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
12.
Rev Clin Esp ; 193(5): 261-8, 1993 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8256015

RESUMO

The effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PFA) intake on lipoprotein metabolism, eicosanoid metabolism, coagulation and the fibrinolytic system, mediators of inflammation, and blood pressure are discussed. The possible role such effects may have on the process of atherogenesis is examined. Laboratory animal studies with n-3 PFA supplements are reviewed. Finally, a review of clinical and epidemiological studies in human subjects is made in order to evaluate whether the experimental findings have clinical relevance. The conclusion is that, at the present time, there is insufficient support for the use of n-3 PFA supplements either in prophylaxis or in treating ischemic cardiopathy.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Animais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/fisiologia , Humanos
13.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 56(1): 77-83, 1992 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1609766

RESUMO

To determine the effects of dietary fat saturation on plasma lipoproteins, we studied 21 free-living normolipidemic women (13 pre- and 8 postmenopausal) on three consecutive diet periods. During the first 4 wk they consumed a saturated diet rich in palm oil and butter [19% saturated fatty acids (S), 14% monounsaturated fatty acids (M), and 3.5% polyunsaturated fatty acids (P)], followed by 6 wk of a monounsaturated diet rich in olive oil (11% S, 22% M, and 3.6% P), and 6 wk of a polyunsaturated diet rich in sunflower oil (10.7% S, 12.5% M, and 12.8% P). Compared with the diet rich in saturated fatty acids, both diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids had similar lowering effects on total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were higher in the monounsaturated-rich period than in the polyunsaturated-rich (10.5% and 12.7% respectively, P less than 0.001) and the saturated-rich period (5.3%, and 7.9%, respectively, P less than 0.05). These effects were independent of menopause status. Our data show that at this level of fat intake (36% as calories), a monounsaturated-rich diet results in a less atherogenic lipid profile than either polyunsaturated- or saturated-rich diets.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas/sangue , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Adulto , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Helianthus , Humanos , Menopausa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Azeite de Oliva , Cooperação do Paciente , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleo de Girassol
14.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 55(4): 846-50, 1992 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1550067

RESUMO

The effect of dietary-fat saturation on plasma lipoprotein concentrations was assessed in 46 men and 32 women placed on a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (sunflower oil) for 12 wk and, under isocaloric conditions, on a diet enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil) for the next 16 wk in men and 28 wk in women. Fat comprised 37% of the total energy intake in men and 36% in women. At the end of the monounsaturated fatty acid diet no change occurred in total cholesterol (TC) in men but it increased by 9% in women. High-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased by 17% in men and by 30% in women. The atherogenic index (TC:HDL cholesterol) fell significantly in both sexes. No significant changes occurred in plasma low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol or in total triglycerides values. These data show that when compared with polyunsaturates, monounsaturates increased HDL cholesterol and reduced the atherogenic risk profile in both sexes.


Assuntos
Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacologia , Lipoproteínas/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleo de Girassol
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