Preoperative percutaneous needle indigo carmine and lipiodol mixture marking in lung segmentectomy.

OBJECTIVES: For successful nodule localization and appropriate surgical margin distances in pulmonary segmentectomy for patients with lung malignancies, the effectiveness and feasibility of preoperative marking using an indigo carmine and lipiodol mixture remain unclear. METHODS: Patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy with (marking group, n = 69) and without (non-marking group, n = 265) preoperative marking at our institution from January 2013 to March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and compared in terms of surgical outcomes. All markings were performed using a fine needle to percutaneously inject an indigo carmine and lipiodol mixture under the guidance of computed tomography fluoroscopy. RESULTS: Successful localization was achieved in 66 (96%) patients, of whom 62 (94%) underwent dye pigmentation and 4 (6%) underwent intraoperative fluoroscopy. On images, the marking group showed a significantly longer distance between the lung surface and tumour [mm, 9 (1-17) vs 0 (0-10); P < 0.01] and smaller maximum tumour size [mm, 16 (11-21) vs 17 (13-23); P = 0.03] and consolidation tumour ratio [0.4 (0.3-1) vs 0.8 (0.4-1); P < 0.01] than the non-marking group. Both groups had comparable operative outcomes, perioperative complications, pulmonary function changes and surgical margin distances [mm, 20 (15-21) vs 20 (15-20); P = 0.96] without any local recurrence on the surgical margin. Propensity score-matching analysis also showed similar findings for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy with preoperative marking using an indigo carmine and lipiodol mixture may be an acceptable therapeutic option for small malignancies located in deep lung parenchyma.

Four new isoflavones from Derris scandens and their in vitro antiproliferative effects.

Four new compounds (derriscandenon D (1), E (2), F (3), G (4)) and six known isoflavones (warangalone (5), millewanin E (6), rhynedlin A (7), 6,8-diprenylgenistein (8), isolupalbigenin (9), isoscandinone (10)) were isolated from the acetone extract of the branches of Derris scandens. These compounds were assayed for cell viability using the human lung carcinoma cell line A549, colorectal carcinoma cell line Colo205, epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB, the human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line NALM-6, and human dermal fibroblasts. Compounds 2 and 3 significantly decreased the viability of KB cells, with IC50 values of 2.7 and 12.9 µM, respectively. In addition, compounds 2 and 3 reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in KB cells. Compounds 2 and 3 strongly down-regulated the cell viability of cell lines KB and NALM-6, achieving IC50 values of 2.7 and 0.9 µM, respectively, compared with the positive control staurosporine at 1.25 and 0.01 µM, respectively.

Four New Xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense and Their In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects.

The study of the chemical constituents of branches and twigs of Cratoxylum cochinchinense collected in Singapore led to the isolation and structural elucidation of four new xanthones, named cratoxanthone A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), together with six known xanthones (5-10) and one known dihydroanthracenone (11). Eight xanthones (including 1 and 2) and 11 were tested for their antiproliferative activity in three human carcinoma cell lines (lung adenocarcinoma A549, colorectal carcinoma Colo205, and epidermoid carcinoma KB) and a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia B cell line (NALM-6), and the mitochondrial membrane potential was determined in KB cells. New xanthones 1 and 2 attenuated NALM-6 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 17.78 and 8.27 µM, respectively. Furthermore, KB cells treated with these compounds had significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potentials. Notably, the proliferation of A549 cells was specifically inhibited by 11, but not the xanthones.

Acetophenones Isolated from Acronychia pedunculata and their Anti-proliferative Activities.

Study of the chemical constituents of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. (Rutaceae) stems collected in Taiwan led to the isolation and identification of eight known and three new acetophenones, named acrophenone A (1), B (2), and C (3). Of them, acrovestone (5), acropyrone (6) and acrovestenol (7), which are dimer compounds, strikingly inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia cell lines.

Biphenyl derivatives from Garcinia schomburgkiana and the cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds.

Study of the chemical constituents of the stems of Garcinia schomburgkiana Pierre (Guttiferae), collected in Thailand, led to the isolation and identification of five known compounds and two new biphenyl derivatives, schomburgbiphenyl A (1) and B (2). Six phenolic compounds isolated from this plant were screened for their cell growth inhibition activity using several human leukemia cell lines. One compound, oblongifolin C (7), showed significant cytotoxic activity towards Jurkat, NALM6, K562 and HPB-ALL cells.

Lansiumamide B and SB-204900 isolated from Clausena lansium inhibit histamine and TNF-α release from RBL-2H3 cells.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: Mast cells play a central role in allergic and chronic inflammation. Extracts from Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (Rutaceae) possess many pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-trichomonal activities. In addition, the leaves and fruit are used in Chinese folk medicine. We have isolated and identified four known cinnamamides from this plant: lansiumamide C, lansamide I, lansiumamide B, and SB-204900. However, the biological activities of these compounds are not yet understood. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the pharmacological effects of these compounds on mast cells. METHODS: We measured inflammatory molecules in A23187-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) treated with these compounds using HPLC, ELISA, and immunoblotting methods. In addition, some signaling molecules were investigated by immunoblotting. RESULTS: Lansamide I, lansiumamide B, and SB-204900 significantly decreased histamine release. Furthermore, lansiumamide B- and SB-204900-treated cells also reduced the protein and/or mRNA levels of TNF-α. SB-204900 markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that lansiumamide B and SB-204900 attenuate mast-cell-induced inflammation.

Total synthesis of the bicyclic marine sesquiterpenoid drechslerine B.

The total synthesis of the recently isolated bicyclic sesquiterpenoid drechslerine B (2), isolated from the algicolous fungus Drechslera dematioidearare in the marine red alga Liagora viscida, has been achieved, starting from (S)-carvone (8), via an intramolecular aldol reaction and palladium-catalyzed carbon monoxide insertion as key reactions.

Anti-inflammatory activity of phenylpropanoids and phytoquinoids from Illicium species in RBL-2H3 cells.

Two phenylpropanoids, 1-allyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-(3-methyl-but-2-enyloxy)benzene ( 4) and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol ( 6), and two phytoquinoids, 4 R-(-)-illicinone-A ( 7) and 2 S,4 R-(-)-illicinone-B ( 8), isolated from plants of the ILLICIUM species significantly inhibited histamine release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells stimulated with A23187. Furthermore, these compounds caused a decline in TNF-alpha levels in culture supernatants of RBL-2H3 cells following treatment with A23187. The results indicate that these compounds might be useful as anti-inflammatory agents against mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.