RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To detect expression of the secreted frizzled related protein (sFRP) gene in synovial cells from patients with arthritis. METHODS: Expression of sFRP-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 genes was detected in synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. To identify synovial cell populations expressing sFRP-1, 3, and 4 genes, expression was compared in macrophage-rich populations and fibroblast-like cell-rich populations by RT-PCR. Levels of expression of these genes were also studied in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and activated skin fibroblasts. RESULTS: Expression of the sFRP-1, 3, and 4 genes was observed in both RA and OA synovial cells. sFRP-1 and 4 genes were expressed predominantly in fibroblast-like cell-rich populations, and the sFRP-3 gene was expressed predominantly in macrophage-rich populations. Levels of expression of sFRP-3 and 4 genes were elevated in activated PBMC and activated skin fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that sFRP-1, 3, and 4 may play different roles in the pathogenesis of synovitis.
Assuntos
Artrite/genética , Artrite/metabolismo , Proteínas/genética , Membrana Sinovial/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra , Artrite/fisiopatologia , Artrite Reumatoide/genética , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Artrite Reumatoide/fisiopatologia , Células Cultivadas , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/genética , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Membrana Sinovial/fisiopatologia , Proteínas WntRESUMO
The aim of this work was to characterize folates modified by ONOO(-) and HOCl and to evaluate the binding capacity of folates modified by ONOO(-) to folate receptor alpha and beta. For the modification of folate by ONOO(-), folic acid was reacted with the combination of PMA activated PMN and PAPA NONOate or chemically synthesized ONOO(-). For the modification of folate by HOCl, folic acid was reacted with the combination of MPO and H(2)O(2) or NaOCl. The structures of products were determined by 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass. Nitrated folate species were identified as 10-nitro-folate and 12-nitro-folate, and chlorinated folate was identified as 12-chloro-folate. The 10-nitro-folate showed the selective binding to FR-beta, compared to folic acid.