The influence of different inositol stereoisomers supplementation in pregnancy on maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal outcomes in high-risk patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To identify the effects of different dietary inositol stereoisomers on insulin resistance and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women at high risk for this disorder.Design: A preliminary, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial.Participants: Nonobese singleton pregnant women with an elevated fasting glucose in the first or early second trimester were studied throughout pregnancy.Intervention: Supplementation with myo-inositol, d-chiro-inositol, combined myo- and d-chiro-inositol or placebo.Main outcome measure: Development of GDM on a 75 grams oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcome measures were increase in BMI, need for maternal insulin therapy, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, neonatal birthweight and hypoglycemia.Results: The group of women allocated to receive myo-inositol alone had a lower incidence of abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nine women in the control group (C), one of the myo-inositol (MI), five in d-chiro-inositol (DCI), three in the myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol group (MI/DCI) required insulin (p = .134). Basal, 1-hour, and 2 hours glycemic controls were significantly lower in exposed groups (p < .001, .011, and .037, respectively). The relative risk reduction related to primary outcome was 0.083, 0.559, and 0.621 for MI, DCI, and MI/DCI groups.Conclusions: This study compared the different inositol stereoisomers in pregnancy to prevent GDM. Noninferiority analysis demonstrated the largest benefit in the myo-inositol group. The relevance of our findings is mainly related to the possibility of an effective approach in GDM. Our study confirmed the efficacy of inositol supplementation in pregnant women at risk for GDM.

Myo-Inositol Supplementation to Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication characterized by increased insulin resistance, and by increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes affecting both the mother and the fetus. International guidelines describe optimal ways to recognize it, and the recommended treatment of patients affected to reduce adverse outcomes. Improving insulin resistance could reduce incidence of GDM and its complications. Recently, a few trials have been published on the possible prevention of GDM. Inositol has been proposed as a food supplement that might reduce gestational diabetes incidence in high-risk pregnant women.

Effect of dietary myo-inositol supplementation in pregnancy on the incidence of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that dietary myo-inositol may improve insulin resistance and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women at high risk of this disorder. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial, pilot study. PARTICIPANTS: Non-obese singleton pregnant women with an elevated fasting glucose in the first or early second trimester were studied throughout pregnancy. INTERVENTION: Supplementation with myo-inositol or placebo during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Development of GDM on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcome measures were increased in BMI, need for maternal insulin therapy, macrosomia, polyhydramnios, neonatal birthweight and hypoglycemia. RESULTS: Thirty-six women were allocated to receive myo-inositol and 39 placebo. The incidence of GDM in mid-pregnancy was significantly reduced (p = 0.001) in women randomized to receive myo-inositol compared to placebo (relative risk 0.127). Women randomized to receive myo-inositol also required less insulin therapy, delivered at a later gestational age, had significantly smaller babies with fewer episodes of neonatal hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Myo-inositol supplementation in pregnancy reduced the incidence of GDM in women at high risk of this disorder. The reduction in incidence of GDM in the treatment arm was accompanied by improved outcomes.

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular disease is the most important adult health problem in wealthy countries, where biological factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, inappropriate diet, cigarette smoking, and sedentary life-style have contributed to its dissemination. Research concerning nutritional regimens has shown that persons who consume large amounts of fruit and vegetables have lower incidences of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and tumors, although the precise mechanisms for this protective effect are elusive. Possible explanations include (a) increased consumption of dietary fiber, (b) reduced consumption of dietary cholesterol and other lipids, and (c) increased intake of the antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E). Numerous studies have raised the question whether vitamin supplements help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Results of randomized controlled trials of antioxidant vitamin supplements in large numbers of participants has been ambiguous or contradictory. This minireview examines the relevant clinical reports on dietary supplements of vitamins A, C, and E to determine whether they support the premise that patients at risk of cardiovascular disease may be candidates for this therapeutic option.