RESUMO
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and myo-inositol are reported to enhance motor activity in animal models; modulate membrane phospholipid metabolism (ALCAR and myo-inositol) and high-energy phosphate metabolism (ALCAR) back to normal; and be effective treatments of major depression in humans. Fish in general and zebra fish in particular present unique animal models for the in vivo study of high-energy phosphate and membrane phospholipid metabolism by noninvasive in vivo 31P NMR. This 31P NMR study of free-swimming zebra fish showed that both ALCAR and myo-inositol decreased levels of phosphodiesters and inorganic orthophosphate and increased levels of PCr in the fish. These findings demonstrate both ALCAR and myo-inositol modulate membrane phospholipid and high-energy phosphate metabolism in free-swimming zebra fish.
Assuntos
Acetilcarnitina/farmacologia , Inositol/farmacologia , Lipídeos de Membrana/metabolismo , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Acetilcarnitina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Organofosfatos/metabolismo , Fosfocreatina/metabolismo , Fósforo , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Several previous studies have shown metabolic abnormalities in perchloric acid extracts of postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain by both proton (1H) and phosphorus-31 (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In all of these studies the results were expressed in relative terms, in units of mol percent. The results of this study, expressed in the absolute units of mumol/g wet weight, verify the previous 1H and 31P MRS studies. Absolute increases were found for myo-inositol, aspartate, L-glutamate, alanine, phosphocholine, and the phosphodiesters,. Absolute decreases were found for phosphoethanolamine and N-acetyl-l-aspartate. Many of these changes also were observed in non-AD dementia brain extracts, but changes in myo-inositol, inositol-l-phosphate, aspartate, and L-glutamate appeared to be more specific for AD in extracts of many brain areas. These results suggest that compounds related to membrane degradation and excitatory neuro-transmission increase in Alzheimer's disease while compounds related to neuronal integrity and inhibitory neurotransmission are decreased.