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Medicinas Complementares
Métodos Terapêuticos e Terapias MTCI
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1.
Arch. med. interna (Montevideo) ; 20(3): 121-9, sept. 1998. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-231482

RESUMO

Dos tercios de las exacerbaciones agudas de la bronquitis crónica (EABC) se asocian con infección bacteriana y se caracterizan por recrudecimiento súbito de la tos, disnea y aumento en el volumen y el aspecto purulento del esputo. Las infecciones bacterianas crónicas o recurrentes, inician y perpetúan un círculo vicioso de daño a las vías aéreas, que se produce mediante la estimulación persistente de la cascada inflamatoria por los productos bacterianos. De los microorganismos causales, el más común es H. influenzae. Otros patógenos frecuentes incluyen M. catarrhalis, la mayoría resistentes a aminopenicilinas y S. Pneumoniae, el cual ha incrementado recientemente a su resistencia a penicilinas y macrólidos a nivel orbital. Si bien algunos estudios recientes han demostrado de manera clara el beneficio del tratamiento antibiótico de los EABC, existen ciertas dudas relacionadas con la manera de clasificar la enfermedad y con los criterios utilizados para la inclusión y exclusión de los pacientes, que permitan esclarecer de manera definitiva el beneficio del antimicrobiano en cada uno de los grupos en los que se ha clasificado su severidad. Con el fin de lograr un consenso sobre algunas de estas variables y establecer lineamientos racionales que permitan abordar el tratamiento de estos pacientes, se reunieron recientemente (noviembre del 96 y marzo del 97) un grupo de destacados expertos latinoamericanos en infectología y neumología. El consenso identificó una serie de factores de riesgo que permitieron diseñar una clasificación de EABC que establece cuatro grados de severidad; estos a su vez están relacionados con un grupo específico de microorganismos que varían con las circunstancias y desde luego en la sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Asimismo el grupo de expertos estableció que la resistencia de los gérmenes que comúnmente afectan a estos enfermos (H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae y M. catarrhalis) requieren de antimicrobianos que sean activos contra más del 90 por ciento de las cepas causantes. Como lineamientos prácticos terapéuticos, se sugirió que la traqueobronquitis aguda (clase I) no requiere en general de antibióticos; que la amoxicilina permanece como el tratamiento de elección para las exacerbaciones leves (clase II), mientras que para la bronquitis crónica complicada (clase III), algunas fluoroquinolonas (p.ej.: ciprofloxacina), los nuevos macrólidos, combinaciones con inhibidores de betalactamasa o cefalosporina orales de 3º generación...


Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bronquite/complicações , Bronquite/tratamento farmacológico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , América Latina , Fatores de Risco
2.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex ; 65(5): 403-12, 1995.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8678696

RESUMO

Experimental ventricular tachycardias were provoked in dog hearts with minute crystals of aconitine introduced into the periphery of an infarcted area, produced by intramural injection of 1-1.5 ml of phenol near the apex of left ventricle. The response of these tachycardias (VT) to flecainide was studied. Leads II, aVL, intraventricular right and left unipolar records, as well as one on the superior vena cava (SVC) were registered under control conditions, with VT and after the injection of this antiarrhythmic agent. This injection was infused into SVC over 15-20 minutes. Records were obtained with constant intervals, waiting for the recovery of sinus rhythm (SR) and the posterior reappearance of ventricular tachycardia. The experiments were performed 6 to 8 hs with continuous infusion of Hartmann' solutions. Throughout these periods, the variations of systemic systolic pressure were registered. Of the 22 dogs receiving 4 mg/kg of flecainide, transient SR was observed in 12 (55%), while in 4 (18%) this medication had no effect. Heart block presented in 2 animals and a fall of arterial pressure in 4. Of another 25 dogs receiving 2.5 mg/kg of flecainide, similar to clinical doses, transient SR appeared in 11 (44%), while in 3 (12%) SR was not observed. In other 2 groups, each of 15 dogs, the repeated antiarrhythmic action of flecainide was present in 33% with 4 mg/kg and in 20% with 2.5 mg/kg. This medication had no effect in 20% of the former and in 40% of the latter. However the low dose did not produce undesirable effects. Furthermore these differences were no significant statistically. Flecainide is effective in certain experimental ventricular tachycardias probably related to sodium-dependent potentials.


Assuntos
Antiarrítmicos/administração & dosagem , Flecainida/administração & dosagem , Taquicardia Ventricular/tratamento farmacológico , Aconitina , Alcaloides , Animais , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Taquicardia Ventricular/induzido quimicamente , Taquicardia Ventricular/fisiopatologia , Verapamil/administração & dosagem
3.
Rev Mal Respir ; 1(3): 177-80, 1984.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6473889

RESUMO

Bronchography enables an appreciation of the morphology and dynamics of the bronchi inaccessible to the fibroscope. However, this examination may aggravate pulmonary function in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. We have studied the effects of bronchography on forced expiration in order to identify and quantify possible spirometric changes. Thus spirometric tests were done at different times during the examination (V.C., F.E.V., flow-volume curves): before and after anaesthetizing the upper airways with xylocaine, after the introduction of contrast to the bronchi and finally after a Salbutamol aerosol. Spirometric values were unaffected by anaesthesia of the upper airways. On the other hand, the introduction of contrast led to a clear and constant fall in maximum expiratory flow, associated with a fall in forced vital capacity. These changes could not be reversed either after inhalation of Salbutamol or sub-cutaneous Terbutaline. The mechanisms producing the spirometric changes which we report does not seem to involve either the adrenergic system or the irritant receptors. Bronchial obstruction produced by the contrast does not alone appear to explain the changes induced by bronchography. Other mechanisms, not yet identified, probably contribute to the decrease in maximum expiratory flow.


Assuntos
Albuterol/uso terapêutico , Broncografia/efeitos adversos , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventilação Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Anestesia Local , Feminino , Humanos , Lidocaína , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espirometria/métodos
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