Vitamin D levels and busulphan kinetics in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a multicenter study.

Vitamin D (Vit-D), an essential nutrient, interacts with different drugs including chemotherapeutic agents like busulphan, an alkylating agent used for conditioning prior to stem cell transplantation. The correlation between Vit-D plasma levels and busulphan clearance was investigated in an uncontrolled prospective study in patients and mice. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were measured and busulphan pharmacokinetics calculated in 81 patients. Adults received oral busulphan (n = 34) while children received busulphan orally (n = 19) or intravenously (n = 28). Patients received no Vit-D supplementation. To confirm our findings, pharmacokinetics after a single dose of busulphan (oral or intravenous) were evaluated in two groups of mice (n = 60) receiving high or standard-level Vit-D supplementation. Both busulphan clearance (P < 0.0001) and 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.0004) were significantly higher in adults compared to children. A significant negative correlation (P = 0.041) was found between busulphan clearance and 25(OH)D levels in children treated orally. No such correlation was observed in adults or in children receiving intravenous busulphan. In addition, no significant effect of Vit-D levels on busulphan pharmacokinetics in mice regardless of the administration route. In conclusion, 25(OH)D can affect oral busulphan pharmacokinetics in children and its level should be considered when personalizing oral busulphan treatment. Further studies are warranted to confirm the underlying mechanisms.

Rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma of childhood and adolescence: A consensus diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pediatric-type follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and nonanaplastic peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Pediatric-type follicular (PTFL), marginal zone (MZL), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) account each for <2% of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We present clinical and histopathological features of PTFL, MZL, and few subtypes of PTCL and provide treatment recommendations. For localized PTFL and MZL, watchful waiting after complete resection is the therapy of choice. For PTCL, therapy is subtype-dependent and ranges from a block-like anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL)-derived and, alternatively, leukemia-derived therapy in PTCL not otherwise specified and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma to a block-like mature B-NHL-derived or, preferentially, ALCL-derived treatment followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first remission in hepatosplenic and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.