Acupuncture for insomnia symptoms in hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: In the realm of pain management, traditional Chinese medicine, specifically acupuncture, has garnered increasing attention. This meta-analysis pioneers the evaluation of acupuncture's effectiveness in treating insomnia among hypertensive patients. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across several databases-PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WANFANG, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Sinomed, and the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology (VIP). Additionally, forward and backward articles of studies published from the inception of these databases until 10 September 2023, were reviewed. This systematic review and meta-analysis included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on acupuncture for insomnia in hypertensive patients, without imposing language or date restrictions. We rigorously assessed all outcome measures reported in these trials. The evidence was synthesized by calculating the difference between mean differences (MD) in symptom change. The quality of the evidence was determined using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. This study is registered with PROSPERO under number CRD42023461760. Results: Our analysis included 16 RCTs, comprising 1,309 patients. The findings revealed that acupuncture was significantly more effective than the control group in reducing insomnia symptoms, as indicated by a greater decrease in the PSQI score (MD = -3.1, 95% CI [-3.77 to -2.62], p < 0.00001). Additionally, improvements in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were more pronounced in the acupuncture group compared to the control group (SBP: MD = -10.31, 95% CI [-16.98 to -3.64], p = 0.002; DBP: MD = -5.71, 95% CI [-8.19 to -3.23], p < 0.00001). These results suggest that acupuncture not only improves sleep quality but also lowers blood pressure in patients suffering from hypertension and insomnia. Further research is warranted to elucidate optimal acupuncture points and the duration of treatment for maximized therapeutic effect.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, CRD42023461760.

The mechanistic effects of acupuncture in rodent neurodegenerative disease models: a literature review.

Neurodegenerative diseases refer to a battery of medical conditions that affect the survival and function of neurons in the brain, which are mainly presented with progressive loss of cognitive and/or motor function. Acupuncture showed benign effects in improving neurological deficits, especially on movement and cognitive function impairment. Here, we reviewed the therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture at the neural circuit level in movement and cognition disorders, summarizing the influence of acupuncture in the dopaminergic system, glutamatergic system, γ-amino butyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) system, serotonergic system, cholinergic system, and glial cells at the circuit and synaptic levels. These findings can provide targets for clinical treatment and perspectives for further studies.

Effect of Acupuncture vs Sham Acupuncture on Patients With Poststroke Motor Aphasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Motor aphasia is common among patients with stroke. Acupuncture is recommended as an alternative therapy for poststroke aphasia, but its efficacy remains uncertain. Objective: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on language function, neurological function, and quality of life in patients with poststroke motor aphasia. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in China from October 21, 2019, to November 13, 2021. Adult patients with poststroke motor aphasia were enrolled. Data analysis was performed from February to April 2023. Interventions: Eligible participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to manual acupuncture (MA) or sham acupuncture (SA) groups. Both groups underwent language training and conventional treatments. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcomes were the aphasia quotient (AQ) of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and scores on the Chinese Functional Communication Profile (CFCP) at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included WAB subitems, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale, Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39, and Health Scale of Traditional Chinese Medicine scores at 6 weeks and 6 months after onset. All statistical analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Results: Among 252 randomized patients (198 men [78.6%]; mean [SD] age, 60.7 [7.5] years), 231 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (115 in the MA group and 116 in the SA group). Compared with the SA group, the MA group had significant increases in AQ (difference, 7.99 points; 95% CI, 3.42-12.55 points; P = .001) and CFCP (difference, 23.51 points; 95% CI, 11.10-35.93 points; P < .001) scores at week 6 and showed significant improvements in AQ (difference, 10.34; 95% CI, 5.75-14.93; P < .001) and CFCP (difference, 27.43; 95% CI, 14.75-40.10; P < .001) scores at the end of follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, patients with poststroke motor aphasia who received 6 weeks of MA compared with those who received SA demonstrated statistically significant improvements in language function, quality of life, and neurological impairment from week 6 of treatment to the end of follow-up at 6 months after onset. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900026740.

Assessment of corticospinal tract remodeling based on diffusion tensor imaging in the treatment of motor dysfunction after ischemic stroke by acupuncture: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture in improving motor dysfunction after ischemic stroke (IS) and to investigate the effect of acupuncture on corticospinal tract (CST) remodeling using diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS: Published literature on the effect of acupuncture on CST remodeling after IS using diffusion tensor imaging in the form of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically retrieved and screened from Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang databases from inception to December 2022. The methodological quality of the included studies was critically and independently evaluated by 2 reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for RCTs. The correlated data were extracted using the pre-designed form, and all analyses were performed using Reviewer Manager version 5.4. RESULTS: Eleven eligible RCTs involving 459 patients were eventually included. The combined evidence results showed that the acupuncture group significantly improved patients' National Institute of Health stroke scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale, and Barthel index compared with conventional medical treatment. The acupuncture group significantly promoted remodeling of the CST, as reflected by an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) throughout the CST [MD = 0.04, 95% CI (0.02, 0.07), P = .001], and in addition, subgroup analysis showed that the acupuncture group significantly improved FA in the infarct area compared with conventional medical treatment at around 4 weeks [MD = 0.04, 95% CI (0.02, 0.06), P = .0002] and FA of the affected cerebral peduncle [MD = 0.03, 95% CI (0.00, 0.07), P = .02]. Also, compared with conventional medical treatment, the acupuncture group significantly increased average diffusion coefficient of the affected cerebral peduncle [MD = -0.21, 95% CI (-0.28, -0.13), P < .00001]. CONCLUSION: The results of the meta-analysis suggest that acupuncture therapy can improve the clinical manifestations of motor dysfunction in patients after IS and advance a possibly beneficial effect on CST remodeling. However, due to the number and quality of eligible studies, these findings need to be further validated in more standardized, rigorous, high-quality clinical trials.

Possible Effects of Acupuncture in Poststroke Aphasia.

Neural plasticity promotes the reorganization of language networks and is an essential recovery mechanism for poststroke aphasia (PSA). Neuroplasticity may be a pivotal bridge to elucidate the potential recovery mechanisms of acupuncture for aphasia. Therefore, understanding the neuroplasticity mechanism of acupuncture in PSA is crucial. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of neuroplasticity in PSA after acupuncture needs to be explored. Excitotoxicity after brain injury affects the activity of neurotransmitters and disrupts the transmission of normal neuron information. Thus, a helpful strategy of acupuncture might be to improve PSA by affecting the availability of these neurotransmitters and glutamate receptors at synapses. In addition, the regulation of neuroplasticity by acupuncture may also be related to the regulation of astrocytes. Considering the guiding significance of acupuncture for clinical treatment, it is necessary to carry out further study about the influence of acupuncture on the recovery of aphasia after stroke. This study summarizes the current research on the neural mechanism of acupuncture in treating PSA. It seeks to elucidate the potential effect of acupuncture on the recovery of PSA from the perspective of synaptic plasticity and integrity of gray and white matter.

Acupuncture treatment for post-stroke depression: Intestinal microbiota and its role.

Stroke-induced depression is a common complication and an important risk factor for disability. Besides psychiatric symptoms, depressed patients may also exhibit a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, and even take gastrointestinal symptoms as the primary reason for medical treatment. It is well documented that stress may disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome in patients suffering from post-stroke depression (PSD), and that disruption of the gut microbiome is closely related to the severity of the condition in depressed patients. Therefore, maintaining the balance of intestinal microbiota can be the focus of research on the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of PSD. Furthermore, stroke can be effectively treated with acupuncture at all stages and it may act as a special microecological regulator by regulating intestinal microbiota as well. In this article, we reviewed the studies on changing intestinal microbiota after acupuncture treatment and examined the existing problems and development prospects of acupuncture, microbiome, and poststroke depression, in order to provide new ideas for future acupuncture research.

Acupuncture for the treatment of thalamencephalic and mesencephalic injury secondary to electrical trauma: A case report.

In a case of thalamencephalic and mesencephalic injury secondary to electrical trauma, a 29-year-old patient has been receiving manual acupuncture for 17 months in National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion. As a result of treatment, the patient's self-care ability and quality of life have greatly improved. In order to fully understand how acupuncture can benefit neurological sequelae resulting from electrical trauma, further research is needed. Additionally, there should be consideration given to the promotion of acupuncture therapy in the neurological sequelae of electric shock.

Manual Acupuncture or Combination of Rehabilitation Therapy to Treat Poststroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Backgroundand Objective. Poststroke dysphagia is one of the most common stroke complications with high morbidity and long course, while acupuncture treatment is easily accepted by patients due to its reliability, feasibility, simple operation, low price, and quick effect. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of manual acupuncture in poststroke dysphagia patients. Methods. Databases including Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, EMBASE, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang (WanFang Database), and VIP (Chongqing VIP) were searched from inception until Aug 19, 2022. Data were analyzed using Revman 5.3, Stata 14.0, and TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software. Evidence quality evaluation was performed by using GRADE profiler 3.6. Results. A total of 33 randomized control trials (RCTs) enrolled 2680 patients. Meta-analysis results revealed that compared to rehabilitation, acupuncture decreased water swallow test (WST) and standard swallowing assessment (SSA) scores. Meanwhile, in contrast to rehabilitation alone, integration of acupuncture with rehabilitation effectively decreased WST and SSA scores; improved swallowing scores of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), swallowing scores of Fujishima Ichiro, Barthel index (BI), and swallowing quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL); reduced the aspiration rates as well as aspiration pneumonia; and shortened the duration of empty swallowing and the duration of 5 mL water swallowing. Pooled analysis did not reveal any significant differences in dysphagia outcome severity scores (DOSS) (p=0.15 > 0.05p) between the acupuncture group combined with rehabilitation group and the rehabilitation group alone. After the risk-of-bias assessment, these studies were not of low quality, except in terms of allocation concealment and blindness. Evidence quality evaluation showed that allocation concealment and blindness led to a downgrade and primary outcomes' evaluation of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation were ranked as moderate-quality evidence while acupuncture alone was ranked as low-quality. Conclusion. This meta-analysis provided positive pieces of evidences that acupuncture and acupuncture combined with rehabilitation were better than using rehabilitation alone in the treatment of poststroke dysphagia.

Efficacy of Diterpene Ginkgolides Meglumine injection in elderly patients with ischemic stroke: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with ischemic stroke (IS) have worse functional outcomes and poorer quality of life after suffering a stroke than younger patients. The identification of effective agents is critical to optimizing the therapy of IS in elderly patients. PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection (DGMI) vs. Ginaton in treating patients with IS, across different age subgroups. METHODS: Efficacy was determined through the post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled study, which had a cohort of 998 patients with IS. Participants were pooled and grouped by age (elderly [aged ≥ 65 yr] vs. non-elderly [aged < 65 yr]). The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ranging from 0 to 1 at 90 d. The secondary outcomes were neurological deficit (tested using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score) and quality of life (tested using the EuroQol-5 Dimension [EQ-5D] and EQ visual analog scale [EQ-VAS] questionnaires). RESULTS: There were 399 (40%) patients in the elderly group (average age = 69.8±3.3 yr) and 599 (60%) patients in the non-elderly group (average age = 55.8±6.8 yr). The randomized treatment groups had similar baseline characteristics. For the elderly group, 174 (94%) of the 185 participants in the DGMI group and 169 (79%) of the 214 participants in the Ginaton group achieved the main outcome of a mRS score of 0-1 after three months (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81-0.93], p<0.001). For the non-elderly group, 301 (96%) of the 314 participants in the DGMI group and 237 (83%) of the 214 participants in the Ginaton group achieved the main outcome of a mRS score of 0-1 after three months (OR = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.84-0.92], p<0.001). The overall mean EQ-5D index score and EQ-VAS of the DGMI group were higher than that of the Ginaton group for elderly patients. After controlling other covariates including treatments, gender, weight, height and medical history, the results of mRS score, NIHSS score, EQ-5D index score, and EQ-VAS based on generalized linear model were similar to those of the single covariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: DGMI demonstrated a superior efficacy to Ginaton for patients with IS in both elderly and non-elderly ages.

Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Modulation and Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture for Posterior Circulation Infarction Vertigo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Vertigo is a cardinal symptom of posterior circulation infarction (POCI). Acupuncture is demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on posterior circulation infarction vertigo (PCIV). However, the mechanism of acupuncture therapy is not clarified. This study aims to assess the cerebral blood flow velocity modulation and clinical efficacy of acupuncture for PCIV patients. Methods: We conducted this systematic review for clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture on PCIV. The study duration was from September 2020 to September 2021. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP. The publication date was set from inception to August 31, 2020. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened literature and extracted data including basic study information, intervention details, outcome details, and adverse events. Outcome measures included the blood flow velocities of vertebrobasilar arteries and the Clinical Effective Rate of posterior circulation infarction vertigo. Pooled data were presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and relative risks (RR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software version 5.3.0. Results: A total of 20 eligible RCTs (1541 participants) were included in this review, which compared acupuncture therapy (1 RCT) or acupuncture combined with pharmaceutical therapy (19 RCTs) to pharmaceutical therapy in patients with posterior circulation infarction vertigo. 7 studies assessed the blood flow velocities of the basilar artery examined by Transcranial Doppler (TCD), 8 studies assessed the bilateral vertebral arteries, and 13 studies evaluated the Clinical Effective Rate of posterior circulation infarction vertigo. Meta-analysis results showed that blood flow velocities of the basilar artery (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.40-0.76; P < 0.05), left vertebral artery (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.22-0.73; P < 0.05), and right vertebral artery (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.19-0.69; P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the acupuncture group compared with the control group. Clinical Effective Rate (RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.15-1.29; P = 0.792) was significantly better in the acupuncture group compared with the control group. Conclusions: This study shows that acupuncture therapy is useful in improving the blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar arteries and Clinical Effective Rate in patients with posterior circulation infarction vertigo. However, double-blind, sham-controlled trials with large sample sizes are required to support our conclusions.

The efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with language training for motor aphasia after stroke: study protocol for a multicenter randomized sham-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Motor aphasia after stroke is a common and intractable complication of stroke. Acupuncture and language training may be an alternative and effective approach. However, the efficacy of acupuncture and language training for motor aphasia after stroke has not been confirmed. The main objectives of this trial are to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture and low-intensity, low-dose language training in treating ischemic motor aphasia after stroke from 15 to 90 days. METHODS: This is a multicenter randomized sham-controlled clinical trial. We will allocate 252 subjects aged between 45 and 75 years diagnosed with motor aphasia after stroke with an onset time ranging from 15 to 90 days into two groups randomly in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the experimental group will be treated with "Xing-Nao Kai-Qiao" acupuncture therapy plus language training, and those in the control group will be treated with sham-acupoint (1 cun next to the acupoints) acupuncture therapy plus language training. All the patients will be given acupuncture and language training for 6 weeks, with a follow-up evaluation 6 weeks after the end of the treatment and 6 months after the onset time. The patients will mainly be evaluated using the Western Aphasia Battery and Chinese Functional Communication Profile, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks of treatment will be recorded. The baseline characteristics of the patients will be summarized by group, the chi-squared test will be used to compare categorical variables, and repeated measures of analysis of variance or a linear mixed model will be applied to analyze the changes measured at different time points. DISCUSSION: The present study is designed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of traditional acupuncture therapy and language training in ischemic motor aphasia after stroke and explore the correlation between the treatment time and clinical effect of acupuncture. We hope our results will help doctors understand and utilize acupuncture combined with language training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR ChiCTR1900026740 . Registered on 20 October 2019.

Does acupuncture therapy improve language function of patients with aphasia following ischemic stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Aphasia is one of the most common complications in patients with ischemic stroke. Studies have shown that acupuncture can improve the symptoms of aphasia patients. However, the effect of acupuncture on language function in patients with ischemic stroke is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to critically assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for aphasia following ischemic stroke. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Collection, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Digital Periodicals, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals database were searched. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the criteria were included. RESULTS: Meta-analyses showed that mean difference in change of auditory comprehension score (MD = 7.71, 95% CI: 1.83 to 13.59, P = 0.01), spontaneous speech (MD = 2.77, 95% CI: 0.59 to 4.95, P = 0.01), repetition score (MD = 14.48, 95% CI: 11.04 to 17.91, P < 0.00001) and naming score (MD = 14.60, 95% CI: 11.33 to 17.88, P < 0.00001) measured by WAB scale were statistically significant. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that there were statistically significant mean differences in four items of WAB scale in patients with sub-acute stroke, and no statistically significant differences in patients with acute stroke. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that acupuncture may improve the language function of patients with aphasia following ischemic stroke, especially during the sub-acute phase. However, due to insufficient sample sizes and information on the safety, more high-quality RCTs are still needed.

Revealing the Neuroimaging Mechanism of Acupuncture for Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review.

Background: Aphasia is a common symptom in stroke patients, presenting with the impairment of spontaneous speech, repetition, naming, auditory comprehension, reading, and writing function. Multiple rehabilitation methods have been suggested for the recovery of poststroke aphasia, including medication treatment, behavioral therapy, and stimulation approach. Acupuncture has been proven to have a beneficial effect on improving speech functions in repetition, oral speech, reading, comprehension, and writing ability. Neuroimaging technology provides a visualized way to explore cerebral neural activity, which helps reveal the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy. In this systematic review, we aim to reveal and summarize the neuroimaging mechanism of acupuncture therapy on poststroke aphasia to provide the foundation for further study. Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang databases, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database. After screening the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summarized the neuroimaging mechanism of acupuncture on poststroke aphasia, as well as the utilization of acupuncture therapy and the methodological characteristics. Result: After searching, 885 articles were retrieved. After removing the literature studies, animal studies, and case reports, 16 studies were included in the final analysis. For the acupuncture type, 10 studies used manual acupuncture and 5 studies used electroacupuncture, while body acupuncture (10 studies), scalp acupuncture (7 studies), and tongue acupuncture (8 studies) were applied for poststroke aphasia patients. Based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technologies, 4 neuroimaging analysis methods were used including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), seed-based analysis, and independent component analysis (ICA). Two studies reported the instant acupuncture effect, and 14 studies reported the constant acupuncture's effect on poststroke aphasia patients. 5 studies analyzed the correlation between the neuroimaging outcomes and the clinical language scales. Conclusion: In this systematic review, we found that the mechanism of acupuncture's effect might be associated with the activation and functional connectivity of language-related brain areas, such as brain areas around Broca's area and Wernicke's area in the left inferior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. However, these studies were still in the preliminary stage. Multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCT) with large sample sizes were needed to verify current evidence, as well as to explore deeply the neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture's effects.

Effective Oriental Magic for Analgesia: Acupuncture.

Pain is a kind of complex physiological and psychological symptom, which makes the person debilitated and uncomfortable. Some persistent pain is unbearable for the patients, reducing the quality of life and bringing considerable pressure to the individuals and society. Pain killers seem to be effective in analgesia for patients, but their safety and addiction are crucial issues. From the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the blocked meridian is the main cause of pain, and effective acupuncture can play a positive analgesic effect. Acupuncture that can date back thousands of years is one of the ancient medical practices in China. Its safety and effectiveness are respected. Based on its superior safety and inferior side effects, it has been gradually recognized as a therapeutic intervention method for complementary medicine, which is also generally used to treat multiple pain diseases. It is shown by modern medical studies that neurotransmitters are the material basis for the acupuncture effect, and the effect of acupuncture analgesia is related to changes in neurotransmitters. However, the specific mechanism has not been elucidated. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the historical evolution of acupuncture analgesia, clinical research of acupuncture analgesia, comparison of acupuncture and drug therapy, the neurotransmitter mechanism of acupuncture analgesia, the effect of acupuncture manipulation on analgesia, and bibliometric analysis of acupuncture treatment for pain, to explore the superiority and related mechanism of acupuncture analgesia from different aspects, and to provide a more effective treatment for alleviating patients' pain.

[Acupotomy combined with Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy in treatment of sensory impairment in the recovery stage of cerebral infarction: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect on sensory impairment in the recovery stage of cerebral infarction between the combined treatment of acupotomy and Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy (for regaining consciousness and opening the orifices) and the simple application of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with cerebral infarction in the recovery stage were randomized into an observation group (40 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (40 cases, 1 case dropped off). On the basis of the conventional treatment of internal medicine, in the control group, Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy was adopted at Shuigou (GV 26), Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc., once daily, 6 times a week. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, acupotomy was used at extraoccipital protuberance, posterior atlas nodules, cervical facet ligaments and posterior transverse nodules, once a week. The total treatment duration was 4 weeks. The scores of Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups. The clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, FMA scores were increased and VAS scores were decreased in the patients of the two groups (P<0.05). The increase range of FMA score and the decrease range of VAS score in the observation group were larger than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 89.5% (34/38) in the observation group, higher than 76.9% (30/39) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of acupotomy and Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy relieves sensory impairment and pain symptoms in the patients with cerebral infarction in the recovery stage and its therapeutic effect is better than the simple use of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy.

Effect of Qizhitongluo capsule on lower limb rehabilitation after stroke: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: An individual's level of lower limb motor function is associated with his or her disability level after stroke, and motor improvement may lead to a better prognosis and quality of life. Data from animal models show that Qizhitongluo (QZTL) capsule facilitates recovery after focal brain injury. We aimed to validate the efficacy and safety of the QZTL capsule for promoting lower limb motor recovery in poststroke patients. METHODS: In this randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial from 13 sites in China, participants with ischemic stroke and Fugl-Meyer motor scale (FMMS) scores of <95 were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to the QZTL group, Naoxintong (NXT) group or placebo group for 12 weeks at 15-28 days after the onset of stroke. The primary outcome was the change in the Lower Limb FMMS (FMMS-LL) score from baseline over the 12-week intervention period. RESULTS: 622 participants were randomly assigned to the QZTL group (309), NXT group (159), or placebo group (154). The FMMS-LL score increased by 4.81 points (95 % CI, 4.27-5.35) in the QZTL group, by 3.77 points (95 % CI, 3.03-4.51) in the NXT group and by 3.00 points (95 % CI, 3.03-4.51) in the placebo group at week 12. The QZTL group showed significantly larger improvements compared with the placebo group at each interview from weeks 4-12 (difference, 0.89 [0.30,1.49] at week 4, P = 0.0032; difference, 1.83[1.01,2.66] at 90 days poststroke, P < 0.0001; difference, 1.81[0.88,2.74] at week 12, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The QZTL capsule is an effective treatment for lower limb motor impairment. The finding indicates that the QZTL capsule may be used as a potential new strategy for stroke rehabilitation.

Efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture for ischemic poststroke depression: Study protocol for a multicenter single-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Poststroke depression is a serious and common complication of stroke, especially the ischemic poststroke depression. Antidepressants are used in poststroke depression, and acupuncture may be an alternative approach. However, the efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture for poststroke depression has not been confirmed. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a multicenter, central-randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. We will allocate 208 subjects aged between 40 and 80 years old, diagnosed with initial poststroke depression (PSD) within 6 months to 2 groups randomly in a ratio of 1:1. Patients in the experimental group will be treated with traditional acupuncture and placebo pills, whereas the others in the control group will be treated with sham-acupoints acupuncture and antidepressant (fluoxetine hydrochloride tablets). All will be given acupuncture and/or medication treatment for 12 weeks, and then received 12-week follow-up. Patients will be evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale and Se1f-rating Depression Scale for depression state, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale for neurological deficit, Modified Barthel Index for activities of daily living, Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale for side effects of treatments, diagnosis and evaluation criteria of traditional Chinese medicine for stroke (try out) for curative effects of stroke, and clinical global impression for synthesize effect before and the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th week of treatment, 24th week of follow-up. Study on mechanisms of acupuncture will be revealed through the diversity of brain metabolites (choline-containing compounds [Cho], N-acetylaspartate [NAA], myoinositol, glutamine and glutamate complex, creatine [Cr], Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, Cr/NAA) in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and serum monoamine neurotransmitters (5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, dopamine) and cytokines (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor alpha) before and the 12th week of treatment. Baseline characteristics of patients will be summarized by groups and compared with chi-square for categorical variables, and 2-sample t tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for the continuous variables. Primary and secondary outcomes according to the measurement times are applicable to univariate repetitive measurement deviation analysis or 2-sample t tests, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. CONCLUSION: The present research is designed to investigate efficacy and mechanism of traditional acupuncture therapy on ischemic PSD, also to explore the correlation between cerebra metabolic and serologic factors, and ischemic PSD. With this research, we are looking forward to find out an appropriate alternative nondrug therapy for PSD people to alleviate the adverse effects and drug dependence caused by antidepressants.

Effect of Tiaoshen Kaiqiao acupuncture in the treatment of ischemic post-stroke depression: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Tiaoshen Kaiqiao acupuncture in the treatment of ischemic post-stroke depression. METHODS: This research was a single-blind, positive-controlled trial done in a single entity. Totally 58 patients with ischemic post-stroke depression were randomly divided into two groups. The acupuncture group was given Tiaoshen Kaiqiao acupuncture therapy and placebo starch tablets treatment, while the control group was treated with fluoxetine tablets and body acupuncture treatment. Evaluated the clinical efficacy of the two groups with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Anti Depression Drug Side Effects Rating Scale (SERS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) respectively before treatment, the fourth weekend of treatment, the eighth weekend of treatment, the twelfth weekend of treatment. The adverse reactions in two groups were observed and documented. RESULTS: The HAMD scale scores of the two groups in different treatment period were significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05); the score reduction of HAMD scale between the two groups had no significant differences (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between the SERS scores of two groups (P < 0.05); the control group had more adverse reactions, and the score would be increased with the extension of treatment time. Effect index (EI) of CGI in the acupuncture group is better than that of control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The effects of Tiaoshen Kaiqiao acupuncture and fluoxetine in the treatment of ischemic post-stroke depression were similar, but the former had no obvious adverse reaction and side effects.

Safety of different acupuncture manipulations for posterior circulation ischemia with vertigo.

Acupuncture at Fengchi (GB20) in the posterior neck improves vertigo. However, subarachnoid hemorrhage and spinal epidural hematoma have been reported to occur after acupuncture in the posterior neck. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the safety of acupuncture at Fengchi. Laboratory tests and adverse event reports were used to evaluate the safety of different acupuncture manipulations for the treatment of posterior circulation ischemia with vertigo. A total of 136 patients were randomly assigned to four groups. Verum acupuncture was conducted with different needle insertion directions (contralateral paropia or prominentia laryngea) and different needle twisting frequencies (60 or 120 times/minute) at Fengchi and matching acupoints (for example, Zhongwan [CV12], Qihai [CV6], Zusanli [ST36], and Fenglong [ST40]). The patients received 14 treatments over 3-4 weeks. Routine blood analysis, hepatic and renal function tests, urine and feces tests and electrocardiography were performed before the first treatment session and after the final session. Adverse events were recorded after every session. Of the 136 patients, 120 completed the study. There were no significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment test results in any of the groups. Only five patients suffered from minor adverse events (needling pain, slight hematoma and transient chest tightness). No serious adverse events were found. Our results indicate that a 14-session course of needling at Fengchi is relatively safe for treating posterior circulation ischemia with vertigo.