RESUMO
Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system are characterized by recurrent demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration, but there are no clinical drugs targeting myelin regeneration or improving functional disability in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Total flavone of Epimedium (TFE) is the main active components of Epimedium, which exhibits the beneficial biological activities in the treatment of diseases, but there is no report in the treatment of demyelinating disorder. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential and possible mechanism of TFE in the treatment of demyelination. The results showed that TFE efficiently improved the behavioural performance and histological demyelination in cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelinating model. In terms of action, TFE increased astrocytes enrichment in corpus callosum, striatum and cortex, and promoted astrocytes to express neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) in astrocytes was induced by CPZ feeding and LPS stimulation, accompanied by the increase of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1ß. TFE declined the expression of PAFR, and inhibited inflammatory response. At the same time, TFE also antagonized PAFR activation and inflammatory response triggered by PAF, which further confirmed that TFE, as a new PAFR antagonist, inhibited the astrocyte-derived inflammatory response by antagonizing PAFR-neuroinflammation axis, thus contributing to myelin protection and regeneration.
Assuntos
Doenças Desmielinizantes/tratamento farmacológico , Epimedium/química , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Glicoproteínas da Membrana de Plaquetas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Astrócitos/imunologia , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Cuprizona/administração & dosagem , Cuprizona/toxicidade , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Desmielinizantes/imunologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Flavonas/farmacologia , Flavonas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Bainha de Mielina/efeitos dos fármacos , Bainha de Mielina/imunologia , Bainha de Mielina/patologia , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/imunologia , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Objective To investigate the vitamin D (VD) level and determinants among young children aged 6 to 23 months in 4 poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province. Methods Multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used. 1 255 young children aged 6-23 months from 3 to 4 towns of Jianchuan County, Yiliang County, Mojiang County and Lushui County. Questionnaires on caregivers, physical and serum 25(OH)D measure were achieved. VD level and influencing factors were described and analyzed. Results Overall VD level was 20.6(16.3,25.4) ng/ml. The proportion of VD deficiency, VD insufficiency and VD sufficiency were 7.1%, 39.2% and 53.7% respectively. The risk of VD insufficiency elevated with children’age increasing or no VD supplement (P<0.05). Hani minority can decrease the risk of VD deficiency and insufficiency (all P<0.05). Thus, the risk of VD deficiency and insufficiency in children of female, Lisu or Bai minority, or in children who had no nutritional package supplement would increase (all P<0.05). Conclusions The VD level of children aged 6-23 months in poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province was low. VD insufficiency was dominating. The intervention of VD deficiency and insufficiency may focus on the children of female, Lisu minority, Bai minority or older than 18 months. This study highlight that enhancing caregivers’ knowledge of VD nutrition, adding VD and nutritional package supplement actively are beneficial to improve VD nutrition of young children in minority poverty areas of Yunnan.