RESUMO
Nodular disease of the thyroid is a very common disorder with which colleagues from all disciplines are frequently confronted. Particularly for patients with benign thyroid nodules or cystic lesions the expenditure and risks of standardly performed thyroidectomy stands in discrepancy with the clinical harmlessness of the disease. For this reason we would like to give an overview of possible non-surgical alternatives in the therapy of benign thyroid nodules and cysts, if they cause unpleasant symptoms.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Ablação , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/terapia , Humanos , TireoidectomiaRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by disrupted glucose homeostasis due to loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells. In this work, we characterize pancreatic islet development and function in zebrafish mutant for pdx1, a gene which in humans is linked to genetic forms of diabetes and is associated with increased susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes. Pdx1 mutant zebrafish have the key diabetic features of reduced beta cells, decreased insulin and elevated glucose. The hyperglycemia responds to pharmacologic anti-diabetic treatment and, as often seen in mammalian diabetes models, beta cells of pdx1 mutants show sensitivity to nutrient overload. This unique genetic model of diabetes provides a new tool for elucidating the mechanisms behind hyperglycemic pathologies and will allow the testing of novel therapeutic interventions in a model organism that is amenable to high-throughput approaches.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Mutação , Transativadores/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Tamanho Corporal , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Códon sem Sentido , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Genótipo , Glucose/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/química , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/patologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência , Transativadores/química , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Architect ci8200 is an integrated serum analyzer for photometric, electrochemical and immunological assays. Several assays of each category and the workflow performance of the system were compared with established laboratory procedures in two laboratories. METHODS: Measurements were compared with the ELECSYS 2010 (Roche Diagnostics) for CEA, PSA, FPSA, AFP, folate, vitamin B12, with the CENTAUR (Bayer) for TSH, T4, FT4, FSH and Estradiol, with the LIAISON (DiaSorin) for TSH, FT4 and FT3, with the Behring Nephelometer BN II (Dade-Behring) for ferritin, and with the INTEGRA 800 (Roche Diagnostics), and the AU640 (Olympus) for clinical chemistry assays. Workflow studies were performed to compare times of analysis required for defined analytical workloads. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation (CVs) for within-run imprecision were between 3% and 6% for CEA, PSA, FPSA, AFP and ferritin, and between 3% and 11% for TSH, FT4, FT3, folate and vitamin B12. The CVs for day-to-day imprecision for immunoassays were between 3% and 10%, except for vitamin B12 (CVs 11-13%) and FT4 (CV 10% -13%). For clinical chemistry tests corresponding CVs for within-run imprecision were < 1%, except for HDL, triglyceride, creatinine, ALT, LD and lipase (CVs<2%) and bicarbonate (CV 3%-6%) and magnesium (CV < 3%). The CVs for day-to-day imprecision for clinical chemistry tests were < 1%, except for sodium, CO(2), magnesium, phosphorus, glucose, uric acid, HDL, triglyceride, ALT, AST CK, lipase with CVs < 6% and for CO(2)<11%. Dilutional linearity testing of seven immunoassays and five clinical chemistry analytes resulted in recovery rates of 90-110%. Correlation studies with 15 immunoassays and 25 clinical chemistry tests showed acceptable agreements with established methods. Work flow analyses demonstrated a net gain in time of analysis up to 109 min depending on the size of the sample batch analyzed with the Architect ci8200 as the main analyzer as compared to the currently installed routine laboratory equipment. Median turn-around times were 7 and 30 min for chemistry assays and immunoassays, respectively, when ordered as STAT analyses, and 18 min when chemistry assays were ordered as routine determinations. CONCLUSIONS: Assays on the Architect ci8200 performed well, fulfilling quality control requirements as defined for instance by German quality control guidelines (RiliBAK). Method comparisons showed acceptable agreements with established assays. Workflow studies using the Architect ci8200 documented shorter times of analyses as compared with the conventionally established laboratory routine demonstrating the potential of integrated chemistry/immunoassay analyzers to provide faster and more efficient performance.