Penthorum chinense Pursh inhibits ferroptosis in cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans models of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a debilitating condition marked by memory loss and cognitive impairment due to the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aß) and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Increasing evidence suggests that inhibitors of ferroptosis could be groundbreaking in the treatment of AD. METHOD: In this study, we established in vitro ferroptosis using erastin-, RSL-3-, hemin-, and iFSP1-induced PC-12 cells. Using MTT along with Hoechst/PI staining, we assessed cell viability and death. To determine various aspects of ferroptosis, we employed fluorescence probes, including DCFDA, JC-1, C11 BODIPY, Mito-Tracker, and PGSK, to measure ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial morphology, and intracellular iron levels. Additionally, Western blotting, biolayer interferometry technology, and shRNA were utilized to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, p-CAX APP Swe/Ind- and pRK5-EGFP-Tau P301L overexpressing PC-12 cells, along with Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strains CL4176, CL2331, and BR5270, were employed to examine ferroptosis in AD models. RESULTS: Here, we conducted a screening of our natural medicine libraries and identified the ethanol extract of Penthorum chinense Pursh (PEE), particularly its ethyl acetate fraction (PEF), displayed inhibitory effects on ferroptosis in cells. Specifically, PEF inhibited the generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular iron levels. Furthermore, PEF demonstrated protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death, ROS production, and mitochondrial damage. Mechanistic investigations unveiled PEF's modulation of intracellular iron accumulation, GPX4 expression and activity, and FSP1 expression. In p-CAX APP Swe/Ind and pRK5-EGFP-Tau P301L overexpressing PC-12 cells, PEF significantly reduced cell death, as well as ROS and lipid peroxidase production. Moreover, PEF ameliorated paralysis and slowing rate in Aß and Tau transgenic C. elegans models, while inhibiting ferroptosis, as evidenced by decreased DHE intensity, lipid peroxidation levels, iron accumulation, and expression of SOD-3 and gst-4. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the suppressive effects of PEF on ferroptosis in AD cellular and C. elegans models. This study helps us better understand how ferroptosis affects AD and emphasizes the potential of PCP as a candidate for AD intervention.

Correlation between in-vivo mercury exposure from Cinnabaris and memory disorders in juvenile rat / 中国药科大学学报

@#Cinnabaris(α-HgS) is a mineral traditional Chinese material medica, as a tranquilizer and sedative, which is widely used in combination with herbs for the treatment of children high fever and convulsion.However, a large amount of mercury in Cinnabaris poses a potential risk to the immature central nervous system of children and probably causes severe memory disorders.Inthisstudy,three groups of juvenile rats were given low, medium, and high doses of Cinnabaris by oral gavage once a day for 14 continuous weeks, respectively.The blood mercury concentrations of the rats at different growth phases were monitored by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The brain structural and functional changes related to the memory functions were investigated through HE staining and Morris water-maze test. Correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the dose- mercury exposure-toxic effect relationship of Cinnabaris and memory disorders.It was found thatthe blood mercury levels increased in both time- and dose-dependent manner.After the 14-week continuous administration of Cinnabaris, the pathological lesions in hippocampal neurons of rats in the high dose group were observed including pyknosis and disordered cell arrangement.In the Morris water-maze test, compared with the control group, rats in the high dose group exhibited the significantly prolonged latency to find the platform and the target quadrant, and the time spent in the target quadrant was obviously shortened. Thus, the significant correlations were established between Cinnabaris dose and mercury exposure,mercury exposure and memory disorders, respectively. In conclusion, the long-term and overdose administration of Cinnabaris in juvenile rats can increase the in-vivo mercury level, destroy the normal hippocampal morphological structure, and lead to memory disorders. This study provided scientific references for the potential mercury poisoning risks pharmacovigilance of Cinnabaris-containing paediatric formulations.

A new dihydrochalcone from Humulus scandens / 中国中药杂志

To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Humulus scandens, this study isolated thirteen compounds by different chromatographic methods including silica gel column, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Based on comprehensive analysis, the chemical structures were elucidated and identified as citrunohin A(1), chrysosplenetin(2), casticin(3), neoechinulin A(4), ethyl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate(5), 3-hydroxyacetyl-indole(6),(1H-indol-3-yl) oxoacetamide(7), inonotusic acid(8), arteannuin B(9), xanthotoxol(10), α-tocopherol quinone(11), eicosanyl-trans-p-coumarate(12), and 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid(13). Among them, compound 1 was a new dihydrochalcone, and the other compounds were obtained from H. scandens for the first time.

Citri Reticulatae Semen Extract Promotes Healthy Aging and Neuroprotection via Autophagy Induction in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Nutrition intervention has emerged as a potential strategy to delay aging and promote healthy longevity. Citri Reticulatae Semen (CRS) has diverse beneficial effects and has been used for thousands of years to treat pain. However, the health benefits of CRS in prolonging health span and improving aging-related diseases and the exact mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism to study the antiaging and health span promoting activities of 75% ethanol extract of CRS (CRSE). The results showed that treatment with CRSE at 1 000 µg/mL significantly extended the life span of worms by 18.93% without detriment to health span and fitness, as evidenced by the delayed aging-related phenotypes and increased body length and width, and reproductive output. In addition, CRSE treatment enhanced the ability of resistance to heat, oxidative, and pathogenic bacterial stress. Consistently, heat shock proteins and antioxidant enzyme-related and pathogenesis-related genes were up-regulated by CRSE treatment. Furthermore, CRSE supplementation also improved α-synuclein, 6-OHDA, and polyQ40-induced pathologies in transgenic C. elegans models of Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. The mechanistic study demonstrated that CRSE induced autophagy in worms, while the RNAi knockdown of 4 key autophagy-related genes, including lgg-1, bec-1, vps-34, and unc-51, remarkably abrogated the beneficial effects of CRSE on the extending of life span and health span and neuroprotection, demonstrating that CRSE exerts beneficial effects via autophagy induction in worms. Together, our current findings provide new insights into the practical application of CRS for the prevention of aging and aging-related diseases.

Dietary Plant Polyphenols as the Potential Drugs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Evidence, Advances, and Opportunities.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases have been studied intensively, the mechanism is still in its infancy. In general, most neurodegenerative diseases share common molecular mechanisms, and multiple risks interact and promote the pathologic process of neurogenerative diseases. At present, most of the approved drugs only alleviate the clinical symptoms but fail to cure neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies indicate that dietary plant polyphenols are safe and exhibit potent neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, low bioavailability is the biggest obstacle for polyphenol that largely limits its adoption from evidence into clinical practice. In this review, we summarized the widely recognized mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as misfolded proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the neuroprotective effect of the most widely reported dietary plant polyphenols. Moreover, we discussed the current clinical study and application of polyphenols and the factors that result in low bioavailability, such as poor stability and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the future, the improvement of absorption and stability, modification of structure and formulation, and the combination therapy will provide more opportunities from the laboratory into the clinic for polyphenols. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches on natural dietary polyphenols in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Shenlian extract attenuates TNF-α-induced ECV304 injury by regulating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the effect and the possible mechanism of Shenlian( SL) extract on tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α)-induced ECV304 injury. After the establishment of TNF-α-induced ECV304 cells injure model,MTT assay was used to detect cell viability and the level of reactive oxygen species( ROS) was measured by flow cytometry. The contents of superoxide dismutase( SOD),malondialdehyde( MDA),nitric oxide( NO),endothelin-1( ET-1) and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) in the supernatant were detected by biochemical method and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins B-lymphoma-2 gene( Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X protein( Bax),caspase-3,caspase-9 and nuclear factor E2 associated factor2( Nrf2)/Kelch like epichlorohydrin associated protein-1( Keap1) signaling pathway related proteins Nrf2,Keap1,quinone oxidoreductase( NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1( HO-1) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that 50 μg·L-1 TNF-α significantly damaged ECV304 cells,induced the impairment of cell viability( P<0. 01),the increase of ROS production,the decrease of SOD activity,and the increase of MDA,NO,ET-1 and IL-1β( P<0. 01),meanwhile,it caused the up-regulation of Keap1,caspase-9 and Bax protein expression,and down-regulation of NQO1 and Bcl-2 protein expression( P<0. 05) compared with the control group.Compared with the model group,SL extract reduced the damage of ECV304 cells induced by TNF-α,improved cell viability,reduced ROS production,increased SOD activity and decreased MDA,NO,ET-1,IL-1β content( P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). In addition,SL extract also down-regulated the protein expression levels of Keap1,caspase-3,caspase-9 and Bax,and increased the protein expressions of Nrf2,NQO1,HO-1 and Bcl-2( P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). The above results indicate that SL extract can provide protective effect on ECV304 cells injury induced by TNF-α,alleviate oxidative stress injury,inflammation and apoptosis,and its mechanism may be related to regulating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.

Spirulina maxima reduces inflammation and alveolar bone loss in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized as inflammation on gingival tissue and alveolar bone resorption. Spirulina maxima has been reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on gastric ulcers. However, its effects on gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption of periodontitis have not been studied. PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the effects of S. maxima on the P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis and to elucidate its mechanism. METHODS: The phycocyanin contents in S. maxima were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. 8-week old SD rats were induced periodontitis by inoculation with P. gingivalis for 14 days. The rats were then orally treated with S. maxima 100, 200, 400 mg/kg, or indomethacin (IND, positive control) 5 mg/kg for an additional 14 days. Inflammatory responses, expressions of collagenases in gingival tissue, osteoclast formation and activation, alveolar bone resorption, osteogenesis-related markers, and BMP2/Smad signaling in alveolar bone were measured. RESULTS: Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB were decreased in gingival tissue by S. maxima administration. Also, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression were decreased by S. maxima administration. Conversely, S. maxima increased IL-4, anti-inflammatory cytokine from Th2 cells. The osteoprotegerin (OPG) / receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression ratio, which represents osteoclast-osteoblast balance, was increased in S. maxima-treated groups. The alveolar bone loss and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclast cells were also declined in S. maxima-treated groups while the osteoblasts count was increased. Besides, in S. maxima-treated groups, the osteogenesis-related factors were promoted and BMP-2/Smad pathway was up-regulated in a periodontitis condition. CONCLUSION: S. maxima reduces periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis through anti-inflammatory effect and resultant reduction in bone loss, suggesting that S. maxima might be a potential agent for treating periodontitis.

Indication of bloodletting therapy based on multi-dimensional evidence assessment / 中国针灸

The indication of bloodletting therapy was determined based on the multi-dimensional evidence assessment, which could provide guidance for the clinical application of bloodletting therapy. The literature of bloodletting therapy was comprehensively collected by retrieval in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases (until February 23, 2019), modern books in Library of Tianjing University of TCM and the (Fifth Edition). The disease spectrum of bloodletting therapy was determined by self-designed questionnaire survey e-mailed to relevant experts. The indication of bloodletting therapy was determined by Delphi expert meeting. As a result, 746 pieces of ancient literature and 32 775 modern literature were included. The indications of bloodletting therapy based on the multi-dimensional evidence assessment include herpes zoster, acne, acute tonsillitis, vascular headache, varicose veins of lower extremities, acute lumbar sprain, early erysipelas, wheat swelling, exogenous fever of children, stroke, which are mainly the syndromes of blood stasis, toxin, excess and heat.

Retrospective high-resolution CT analysis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the high-resolution CT (HRCT) imaging characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with ABPA diagnosed in Dalian Second People's Hospital and Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2010 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed,and their clinical manifestations and HRCT examinations were statistically analyzed to summarize the HRCT imaging manifestations.Results Among the 21 patients,cough,expectoration and wheezing were the main clinical symptoms,followed by fever and hemoptysis;5 patients had a history of drug or food allergy.ABPA showed 18 cases of central bronchiectasis on HRCT,including 10 cases of simple bronchiectasis,9 cases with low-attenuation mucus,and 6 cases with high-attenuation mucus;patchy consolidation infiltration were seen in 11 cases;masses were seen in 2 cases;central nodules and tree buds were seen in 3 cases;mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged in 6 cases.Conclusions HRCT imaging of ABPA is difficult to diagnose,and central bronchiectasis with high-attenuation mucus is characteristic.It can be used as a reliable basis for the diagnosis of ABPA imaging.Combined with clinical and laboratory examinations,it can generally be diagnosed clearly.

Extract of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis Inhibits Neuroinflammation Mediator Production from Microglia via NF-κ B and MAPK Pathways / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-neuroinflammation effect of extract of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis (EFSC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells and the possible involved mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Primary cortical neurons were isolated from embryonic (E17-18) cortices of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse fetuses. Primary microglia and astroglia were isolated from the frontal cortices of newborn ICR mouse. Different cells were cultured in specific culture medium. Cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, LPS group (treated with 1 μg/mL LPS only) and EFSC groups (treated with 1 μg/mL LPS and 100, 200 or 400 mg/mL EFSC, respectively). The effect of EFSC on cells viability was tested by methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. EFSC-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitrite oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified and neuron-protection effect against microglia-mediated inflammation injury was tested by hoechst 33258 apoptosis assay and crystal violet staining assay. The expression of pro-inflammatory marker proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence.@*RESULTS@#EFSC (200 and 400 mg/mL) reduced NO, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-induced BV-2 cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05). EFSC (200 and 400 mg/mL) reduced the expression of NO in LPS-induced primary microglia and astroglia (P<0.01). In addition, EFSC alleviated cell apoptosis and inflammation injury in neurons exposed to microglia-conditioned medium (P<0.01). The mechanistic studies indicated EFSC could suppress nuclear factor (NF)-?B phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation (P<0.01). The anti-inflammatory effect of EFSC occurred through suppressed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (P<0.01 or P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EFSC acted as an anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-induced glia cells. These effects might be realized through blocking of NF-κB activity and inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways.

Method for active ingredients' in vivo target identification of traditional Chinese medicine using magnetic nanoparticles / 中国中药杂志

Target identification is an important prerequisite for the study of medicine action mechanism. Currently,drug target identification is mostly based on various cell models in vitro. However,the growth microenvironment,nutrition metabolism,biological properties as well as functions are quite different between in vitro cell culture and physiological environment in vivo; wherefore,it is a challenging scientific issue to establish an effective method for identifying drug targets in vivo condition. In this study,we successfully prepared a kind of magnetic nanoparticles( MNPs) which can be chemically modified by the hydroxyl structure of natural bioactive compound echinacoside( ECH) via the epoxy group label on the surface of MNPs. Therefore,organ-selective and recoverable nanoscale target-recognizing particles were prepared. We then intravenously injected the ECH-binding MNPs into rats and distributed them to specific organs in vivo. After cell endocytosis,ECH-binding MNPs captured target proteins in situ for further analysis. Based on this method,we discovered several potential target proteins in the spleen lysates for ECH,and preliminarily clarified the immuno-regulation mechanism of ECH. Collectively,our strategy developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles for in vivo target identification,and also provided a feasible approach for drug target prediction and pharmacological mechanism exploration.

Combined effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and low level laser irradiation on bisphosphonate-treated osteoblasts

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergic effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bisphosphonate-treated osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) were cultured with 100 µM alendronate. Low-level Ga-Al-As laser alone or with 100 ng/mL rhBMP-2 was then applied. Cell viability was measured with MTT assay. The expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were analyzed for osteoblastic activity inducing osteoclastic activity. Collagen type and transforming growth factor beta-1 were also evaluated for bone matrix formation. RESULTS: The results showed that rhBMP-2 and LLLT had a synergic effect on alendronate-treated osteoblasts for enhancing osteoblastic activity and bone matrix formation. Between rhBMP-2 and LLLT, rhBMP-2 exhibited a greater effect, but did not show a significant difference. CONCLUSION: rhBMP-2 and LLLT have synergic effects on bisphosphonate-treated osteoblasts through enhancement of osteoblastic activity and bone formation activity.

Variable Hemodynamic Responses during Diastolic Stress Echocardiography in Patients Who Have Relaxation Abnormality with Possible Elevated Filling Pressure

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The clinical characteristics of patients with diastolic dysfunction characterized by a relaxation abnormality with possible elevated filling pressure is remain to be determined. We sought to test whether diastolic stress echocardiography (DSE) is useful for characterization of these patients. METHODS: A total of 120 patients (58 men, mean age of 64±7 years) with E/A ratio 15, hLVFP) and 40 (30%) developed exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (systolic pulomary arterial pressure > 50 mmHg, EiPH) without hLVFP. The remaining 33 patients did not show hLVFP or EiPH. The incidence of EiPH with hLVFP was 21% (25/120). By multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.13; p=0.039) and systolic pulmonary artery pressure at rest (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02–1.27; p=0.02) were associated with EiPH, whereas late diastolic transmitral velocity (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.08; p=0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–0.99; p=0.02) were associated with hLVFP during exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with relaxation abnormality and possibly hLVFP showed markedly heterogeneous hemodynamic changes during low-level exercise and DSE was useful to characterize these patients.

Anti-infective potential of catechins and their derivatives against viral hepatitis

Polyphenols including catechins from green tea (Camellia sinensis) have been reported to have anti-infective activities against a broad spectrum of viruses and other pathogens. During the last two decades, antiviral activities of catechins with different modes of action have been demonstrated on diverse families of viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, Herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, hepatitis B and C virus. In this study, we focused on the antiviral properties of catechins and their derivatives against viral hepatitis which have become a key public health issue due to their serious impact on human health with liver diseases.

Analysis of Essential oil, Quantification of Six Glycosides, and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Activity in Caryopteris incana

Caryopteris incana (Verbenaceae) has been used to treat cough, arthritis, and eczema in Oriental medicine. The two fractions (CHCl₃- and BuOH fractions) and the essential oil of the plant material were subjected to the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) assay. The IC₅₀ of the CHCl₃ fraction and the essential oil on LPS-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were 16.4 µg/mL and 23.08 µg/mL, respectively. On gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis, twenty-five components representing 85.5% amount of total essential oil were identified. On the chromatogram, three main substances, trans-pinocarveol, cis-citral, and pinocarvone, occupied 18.8%, 13.5% and 18.37% of total peak area. Furthermore, by HPLC-UV analysis, six compounds including one iridoid (8-O-acetylharpagide)- and five phenylethanoid glycosides (caryopteroside, acteoside, phlinoside A, 6-O-caffeoylphlinoside, and leucosceptoside A) isolated from the BuOH fraction were quantified. The content of six compounds were shown as the following order: caryopteroside (162.35 mg/g) > 8-O-acetylharpagide (93.28 mg/g) > 6-O-caffeoylphlinoside (28.15mg/g) > phlinoside (22.60mg/g) > leucosceptoside A (16.87 mg) > acteoside (7.05 mg/g).

Kahweol from Coffee Induces Apoptosis by Upregulating Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Kahweol as a coffee-specific diterpene has been reported to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. Although some molecular targets for kahweol-mediated apoptosis have been elucidated, the further mechanism for apoptotic effect of kahweol is not known. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been reported to be associated with apoptosis in colorectal cancer. The present study was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which kahweol stimulates ATF3 expression and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Kahweol increased apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. It also increased ATF3 expression through the transcriptional activity. The responsible cis-element for ATF3 transcriptional activation by kahweol was CREB located between −147 to −85 of ATF3 promoter. ATF3 overexpression increased kahweol-mediated cleaved PARP, while ATF3 knockdown attenuated the cleavage of PARP by kahweol. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and GSK3β blocked kahweol-mediated ATF3 expression. The results suggest that kahweol induces apoptosis through ATF3-mediated pathway in human colorectal cancer cells.

Clinical Observation of Xiangsha Yangwei Pills Combined with Lansoprazole in the Treatment of Spleen Deficiency and Qi Stagnation Type Chronic Atrophic Gastritis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Xiangsha yangwei pills combined with lansoprazole in the treatment of spleen deficiency and qi stagnation (SSQS) type chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG).METHODS:A total of 120 patients with SSQS type CAG were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group.Both groups received routine treatment.Control group was additionally given Lansoprazole enteric-coated capsule 30 mg,once a day,on an empty stomach in the morning.Observation group was additionally given Xiangsha yangwei pills 59 g,twice a day,on the basis of control group.Both groups were treated for consecutive 4 weeks.Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed and compared,and TCM syndrome score and pathological integral were observed before and after treatment.The occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:After treatment,total response rate and excellent effective rate of observation group were 95.00％ and 83.33％,which were significantly higher than those of control group (86.67％ and 57.53％),with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in TCM syndrome score or pathological integral between 2 groups (P＞0.05);after treatment,TCM syndrome score and pathological integral of 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and those of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).The incidence of ADR in observation group was significantly lower than that control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Xiangsha yangwei pill combined with lansoprazole show good therapeutic efficacy and safety for SSQS type CAG and can significantly improve clinical and pathological symptoms.

Development and Evaluation of an Obesity Ontology for Social Big Data Analysis / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an obesity ontology as a framework for collecting and analyzing unstructured obesity-related social media posts. METHODS: The obesity ontology was developed according to the ‘Ontology Development 101’. The coverage rate of the developed ontology was examined by mapping concepts and terms of the ontology with concepts and terms extracted from obesity-related Twitter postings. The structure and representative ability of the ontology was evaluated by nurse experts. We applied the ontology to the density analysis of keywords related to obesity types and management strategies and to the sentiment analysis of obesity and diet using social big data. RESULTS: The developed obesity ontology was represented by 8 superclasses and 124 subordinate classes. The superclasses comprised ‘risk factors,’‘types,’‘symptoms,’‘complications,’‘assessment,’‘diagnosis,’‘management strategies,’ and ‘settings.’ The coverage rate of the ontology was 100% for the concepts and 87.8% for the terms. The evaluation scores for representative ability were higher than 4.0 out of 5.0 for all of the evaluation items. The density analysis of keywords revealed that the top-two posted types of obesity were abdomen and thigh, and the top-three posted management strategies were diet, exercise, and dietary supplements or drug therapy. Positive expressions of obesity-related postings has increased annually in the sentiment analysis. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the developed obesity ontology was useful to identify the most frequently used terms on obesity and opinions and emotions toward obesity posted by the geneal population on social media.

Directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell induced by traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In recent years, in-depth studies that single Chinese herbs or extracts, compound traditional Chinese medicine and medicated serum are used to regulate the directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels into myofibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, myocardial cels and nerve cels, which have become a highlight in the tissue engineering research. OBJECTIVE:To review the latest progress in the directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels induced by Chinese herbs or their extracts. METHODS:The first author searched the CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases using the keywords of “Chinese herb, directional differentiation, mesenchymal stem cels” in Chinese and English, respectively, to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2010 to January 2016. Repetitive articles or those with no originality were eliminated. Totaly 99 articles were searched initialy, and then 43 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:As the strongest seed cels in the bone differentiation system, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels have a wide range of directional differentiation potential, and highlight the important value in combination with Chinese herbs for clinical treatment of various refractory diseases, especialy for treatment of metabolic bone diseases, bone defects, nonunion and delayed union, which is not only conducive to in-depth, multi-angle studies on effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbs, but also to clinical treatment of various refractory diseases using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. Cite this article:Li N, Li YF, Xie XW, Song M, Xu SH, Li DP.Directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel induced by traditional Chinese Medicine. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):135-139.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of components of Radix Polygalae in herbal pair of Radix Polygalae and Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii / 中国药科大学学报

@#The purpose of this research was to explore the differences of the components of Radix Polygalae in herbal pair of Radix Polygalae and Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. An HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method and an HPLC-UV method were established for the identification and determination of the components of Radix Polygalae, respectively. HPLC separation was carried out on a C18 column(250 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μm)with linear gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0. 1% formic acid aqueous solution. Mass spectrometry with ESI source was performed in the positive ion mode to scan MS data including total ion chromatograms and ion peaks of Radix Polygalae. Eight components including 3, 4, 5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, p-methoxycinnamic acid, tenuifolin, sibiricose A5, polygalaxanthone III, tenuifoliside B, 3, 6′-disinapoly sucrose, and tenuifoliside A were identified according to the reference substance retention time, MS data and literatures. There was no significant variation found in the contents of eight chemical constituents of Radix Polygalae. The qualification and quantitation study of the components in herbal pair of Radix Polygalae and Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii provide the methodological basis for compatibility mechanism exploration in vivo.