Comprehensive metabolomic analysis of Mangifera indica leaves using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE for cell differentiation: An in vitro and in vivo study.

The comprehensive metabolic profiling was performed in the leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and assessed for their significant therapeutic application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in both in vitro and in vivo studies. About 147 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of M. indica using MS/MS fragmentation analysis and the selected compounds were quantified using LC-QqQ-MS analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activity showed that the M. indica extracts enhance the proliferation of mouse myoblast cells in concentration-dependent manner. As well, the extracts of M. indica induce the myotube formation by generating oxidative stress in the C2C12 cells was confirmed. The western blot analysis clearly showed that the M. indica induce myogenic differentiation by upregulating the myogenic marker proteins such as PI3K, Akt, mTOR, MyoG, and MyoD. The in vivo studies showed that the extracts expedites the acute wound repair by formation of crust, wound closure and improves the blood perfusion towards the wound area. Together, the leaves of M. indica can be used as excellent therapeutic agent for tissue repair and wound healing applications.

UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE-based metabolomics analysis of Acer mono sap and evaluation of osteogenic activity in mouse osteoblast cells.

Investigation of phytochemicals and bioactive molecules is tremendously vital for the applications of new plant resources in chemistry, food, and medicine. In this study, the chemical profiling of sap of Acer mono (SAM), a Korean syrup known for its anti-osteoporosis effect, was performed using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE analysis. A total of 23 compounds were identified based on the mass and fragmentation characteristics and most of the compounds have significant biomedical applications. The in vitro antioxidant assessment of SAM indicated excellent activity by scavenging DPPH and ABTS-free radicals and were found to be 23.35 mg mL-1 and 29.33 mg mL-1, respectively, as IC50 concentrations. As well, the in vitro proliferation effect of the SAM was assessed against mouse MC3T3-E1 cells, and the results showed that the SAM enhanced the proliferation of the cells, and 12.5 mg mL-1 and 25 mg mL-1 of SAM were selected for osteogenic differentiation. The morphological analysis clearly evidenced the SAM enhanced the osteogenic activity in MC3T3-E1 cells by the increased deposition of extracellular calcium and nodule formation. Moreover, the qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the increased expression of osteoblast marker gene expression including ALP, osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen1α1, Runx2, and osterix in SAM-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Together, these results suggest that SAM possesses osteogenic effects and can be used for bone regeneration and bone loss-associated diseases such as osteoporosis.

Lantana camara L. essential oil mediated nano-emulsion formulation for biocontrol application: anti-mosquitocidal, anti-microbial and antioxidant assay.

Mosquitoes play an important role in the spread of vector-borne diseases and their management is highly essential. Plant extracts have been explored for their mosquitocidal activity against different types of vectors. The present work aimed to determine the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Lantana camara L. essential oil-loaded nano-emulsion formulation for the control of pests. The synthesized essential oil-loaded nano-emulsion was subjected to evaluate the antioxidant potential and mosquito larvicidal properties. GC-MS analysis revealed that the essential oil of Lantana camara L. leaf contained 12 bioactive components. Caryophyllene oxide (15.81), n-Hexadecanoic acid (4.22), Davanone (6.49) and beta-Sesquiphellandrene (2.32) are the major compounds identified. The nano-emulsion was effective against A. aegypti immature stage (larvae and pupae) and adult mosquitoes in laboratory conditions. The LC50 was found to be 18.183 ppm (I), 23.337 ppm (II), 29.731 ppm (III), 38.943 ppm (IV) instars and 45.295 ppm (pupae), respectively. The LD50 and LD90 values for adult mosquitoes were 11.947 mg/cm2 and 47.716 mg/cm2, respectively. The antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid (55.9%), glutathione (67.7%) and quercetin (48.6%) was recorded, respectively. The level of acetylcholinesterase (0.06 mM) and alkaline phosphatase (0.05 mM) activity significantly decreased from the control (0.12 mM) which revealed the efficacy of essential oil-loaded nano-emulsion to treat larvae. This study suggested that using an essential oil-loaded nano-emulsion formulation effectively controlled the mosquito vectors. It was also evidenced that the use of nano-emulsion has a great role in near future, especially in vector management.

Enhanced bioactivity of Zanthoxylum schinifolium fermented extract: Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-melanogenic activity.

Fermented extracts have evolved to be a potential alternative to synthetic chemicals, owing to their anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This study intends to assess the potential of fermented Zanthoxylum schinifolium extract for use in biomedical applications. Probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus A6-5, were deployed as a seed culture for fermentation. The fermented extract showed greater tyrosinase inhibitory activity and reduced melanin production (58.3%) compared with the raw extract. Cytotoxicity assay inferred that 500 µg/mL is the ideal non-toxic concentration with maximum cell viability. In addition, DAPI staining did not show any damage to the chromatin structure of the cells. The anti-aging property of the fermented extract was confirmed by a decrease in IL-6 content. The fermented extract showed lower MIC (40 mg/mL) and MBC (60 mg/mL), indicating greater anti-bacterial activity than the raw extract. The results confirmed that the fermented Z. schinifolium extract has high biomedical properties compared with the raw extract and can be used as an ideal skin whitening agent.