[Femoral and sciatic nerve blocks for open reduction and internal fixation of a femoral condylar fracture in a patient with post-polio syndrome].

The post polio symdrome (PPS) refers to the development of delayed neuromuscular symptoms among survivors, years after the initial presentation of acute poliomyelitis. The symptoms of PPS vary widely and include flaccid palsy, muscle weakness, scoliosis, osteoarthritis, gait disturbance, sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), dysphagia, chronic lung dysfunction, and others. We report the successful combination of peripheral nerve blocks, femoral and sciatic nerve blocks, for surgery on the lower extremity in a patient with PPS. A 51-year-old man with continuous positive airway pressure therapy for restrictive ventilatory impairment due to scoliosis and SAS as part of the PPS was scheduled for open reduction and internal fixation (OR-IF) for a right femoral condylar fracture. Respiratory function tests demonstrated a vital capacity (VC) 1.41l (41% predicted). Arterial blood gas analysis on room air was; pH 7.376, PaCO2 55.0 mmHg, and PaO2 77.9 mmHg. With the patient in the supine position, ultrasound-guided right femoral nerve block in the infra-inguinal region was performed using 1.5% mepivacaine 10 ml and 0.75% ropivacaine 5 ml, followed by sciatic nerve block in the popliteal fossa using 1.5% mepivacaine 8 ml and 0.75% ropivacaine 4 ml in the prone position. OR-IF of the fractured femoral condyle was then successfully performed with propofol under spontaneous ventilation. Postoperatively, there were no adverse events; respiratory function was adequate, and his pain was within manageable bounds. Femoral and sciatic nerve blocks are safe and effective anesthetic methods for lower extremity surgery in patients with restrictive ventilatory impairment and hypercapnia due to scoliosis and SAS as PPS.

[Effect sites of anesthetics in the central nervous system network--looking into the mechanisms for natural sleep and anesthesia].

We showed the effect sites of anesthetics in the central nervous system (CNS) network. The thalamus is a key factor for loss of consciousness during natural sleep and anesthesia. Although the linkages among neurons within the CNS network in natural sleep are complicated, but sophisticated, the sleep mechanism has been gradually unraveled. Anesthesia disrupts the link-ages between cortical and thalamic neurons and among the cortical neurons, and thus it loses the integration of information derived from the arousal and sleep nuclei. It has been considered that anesthesia does not share the common pathway as natural sleep at the level of unconsciousness, because anesthetics have multiple effect sites within CNS network and may induce disintegration among neurons. Recent literatures have shown that the effects of anesthetics are specific rather than global in the brain. It is interesting to note that thalamic injection of anti-potassium channel materials restored consciousness during inhalation anesthesia, and that the sedative components of certain intravenous anesthesia may share the same pathway as natural sleep. To explore the sensitivity and susceptibility loci for anesthetics in the thalamocortical neurons as well as arousal and sleep nuclei within CNS network may be an important task for future study.

[Massive hemorrhage during abdominal total hysterectomy in a patient with placenta percreta].

A 33-year-old pregnant woman, who had undergone three previous cesarean sections and suspected of having placenta accrete, was scheduled for artificial abortion and abdominal total hysterectomy at 15 weeks gestation because of a probable high mortality rate. The general anesthesia was induced using fentanyl, propofol, and vecuronium and maintained with sevoflurane, fentanyl, and vecuronium, in combination with epidural anesthesia using ropivacaine. During the operation, we found that the placenta had penetrated into the posterior abdominal peritoneum and bladder wall. Sudden, massive hemorrhage was encountered when attempting to separate the placenta percreta. The massive hemorrhage, up to 11,054 ml, was controlled by transfusion, infusion, and temporary clamping of the bilateral common iliac arteries. Rapid infuser LEVEL1 and autologous blood recovery systems Electa were also used. After the surgery, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit intubated and was discharged on the 16th posteroperative day without any complications. Anesthesiologists should be prepared for massive hemorrhage in cases of abdominal total hysterectomy with suspected placenta percreta.