Identification of purinergic system components in the venom of Bothrops mattogrossensis and the inhibitory effect of specioside extracted from Tabebuia aurea

Snake bites are a severe problem in the countryside of Brazil and are usually attributed to snakes of the genera Bothrops, Crotalus, and Lachesis. Snake venom can release ectoenzymes and nucleotidases that modulate the purinergic system. In addition to serum therapy against snake poisoning, medicinal plants with anti-infammatory activities, such as Tabebuia aurea, is empirically applied in accidents that occur in difcult-to-access areas. This study aimed was to verify the presence and activity of nucleotidases in the crude venom of Bothrops mattogrossensis (BmtV) in vitro and characterize the modulation of purinergic components, myeloid diferentiation, and infammatory/oxidative stress markers by BmtV in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, our study assessed the inhibitory activities of specioside, an iridoid isolated from Tabebuia aurea, against the efects of BmtV. Proteomic analysis of venom content and nucleotidase activity confrm the presence of ectonucleotidase-like enzymes in BmtV. In in vivo experiments, BmtV altered purinergic component expression (P2X7 receptor, CD39 and CD73), increased neutrophil numbers in peripheral blood, and elevated oxidative stress/infammatory parameters such as lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity. BmtV also decreased viability and increased spreading index and phagocytic activity on macrophages. Specioside inhibited nucleotidase activity, restored neutrophil numbers, and mediate the oxidative/infammatory efects produced by BmtV. We highlight the efects produced by BmtV in purinergic system components, myeloid diferentiation, and infammatory/oxidative stress parameters, while specioside reduced the main BmtV-dependent efects.

Anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and cytoprotective potential of the Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. pulp oil.

The anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and cytoprotective activity of the Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng pulp oil was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. As for the chemical profile, the antioxidant activity was performed by spectrophotometry, and the profile of carotenoids and amino acids by chromatography. Our data demonstrated that A. phalerata oil has high carotenoid content, antioxidant activity and the presence of 5 essential amino acids. In the in vitro models of inflammation, the oil demonstrated the capacity to inhibit COX1 and COX2 enzymes, the production of nitric oxide and also induces macrophages to spreading. In the in vivo models of inflammation, the oil inhibited edema and leukocyte migration in the Wistar rats. In the in vitro model of antiproliferative and cytoprotective activity, the oil was shown inactive against the kidney carcinoma and prostate carcinoma lineage cells and with cytoprotective capacity in murine fibroblast cells, inhibiting the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin. Therefore, it is concluded that A. phalerata pulp oil has anti-inflammatory effects with nutraceutical properties potential due to the rich composition. Moreover, the oil also has cytoprotective activity probably because of its ability to inhibit the action of free radicals.