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Introduction. Several plant preparations like a mixture of aqueous extracts of Spilanthes africana; Portulaca oleracea; and Sida rhombifolia are currently utilized in Foumban (West Cameroon) to manage diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the antidiabetic property of the aqueous mixture of three plant extracts (1 : 1 : 1) on streptozotocin induced diabetes rats. Methods. Diabetes was induced to rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. The diabetic rats received different dosages of the mixture of extracts for 21 days and glibenclamide 6.5 mg/kg b.w. as positive control. Results. The results showed that the mixture of extracts significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of the glycaemia, the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol as well as MDA, AST, ALT, and creatinine levels. It also increased significantly the concentration of HDL-cholesterol, glutathione, and TAOS. A great reduction of the atherogenic indexes CT/HDL and LDL/HDL of the treated groups was observed. Each extract and the mixture demonstrated significant scavenging property on DPPH and OH radicals and present a good antioxidant property. Conclusion. The mixture of plant extracts has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic properties and can be used for the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Background The present study focused on the antioxidant, phenolic profile and free radical scavenging-mediated protective effect of leaves extracts of Syzygium guineense var. macrocarpum against ferric nitriloacetate-induced stress in the liver, heart, kidney and brain tissues of Wistar rats homogenates. Methods Spectrophotometric standardized methods were used to determine the free radical scavenging potential, antioxidant and protective properties of plant extracts on rat homogenates. Results All the extracts showed a concentration-dependent free radical quenching potential, and the ability to protect all the tested organs by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation and potentiating or restoring the activity of enzymatic and non enzymatic markers. The polyphenolic profile revealed the presence of at least one simple phenolic acid (gallic, caffeic, para-coumaric acid) although the majority (6 out of 14) of the compounds used as standard are present in the aqueous and aqueous-ethanol extracts. Conclusions Ethanolic extract of leaves of S. guineense var macrocarpum (SGETOH) exhibited the highest phenol content and appeared as the best extract taking into consideration the antioxidant and organo-protective activities tested.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Syzygium/química , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Férricos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Nitrilotriacético/análogos & derivados , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Polifenóis/análise , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/análise , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Overconsumption of oxygen in mammalian cells often lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from different mechanisms. Escape of scavenging enzymes/components or nutritional failure are the most important origins. Plant-derived molecules may protect biological molecules either by quenching free radicals, delaying or preventing the ROS formation or by restoring antioxidant enzymes activities. The present study assessed the antioxidant, phenolic profile and protective effect of barks extracts of Syzyguim guineense var macrocarpum against ferric nitriloacetate-induced stress in the liver, heart kidney and brain tissues of wistar rat homogenates. METHODS: Three extracts (aqueous, ethanol and aqueous-ethanol) from the barks of S. guineense var macrocarpum were used in this study. The spectrophotometric standardized methods were used to determine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the extracts. The protective properties of these plant extracts were also investigated as well as the quantification of secondary metabolites content (total phenolic, flavonoids and flavonols content). The HPLC method helped for characterizing phenolic compounds present in these extracts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: All the extracts exhibited a free radical scavenging potential in a concentration dependent manner which varied from 15.18 ± 0.80 to 97.15 ± 0.71 % depending to the type of extract and the method used. The ethanol extract had the higher phenolic content (432.85 mg QE/g extract), including total flavonoids (961.66 mg QE/g extract) and flavonols content (25.12 mg QE/g extract) and higher total antioxidant capacity. Among the phenolic compounds present in the extracts, the HLPC profile revealed the presence of syringic acid and apigenin in all the extracts. The extracts demonstrated their protective effect mostly in liver and brain homogenates by delaying or preventing lipid peroxidation, restoring enzymatic activities and enhancing glutathione levels. CONCLUSION: The overall results demonstrated that the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and protective effects in liver and brain liver homogenates.
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Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Ácido Nitrilotriacético/análogos & derivados , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Syzygium/química , Animais , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Nitrilotriacético/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and protective potential of T. tetraptera extracts against ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was investigated spectrophotometrically against several radicals (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(â¢)), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(â¢)), hydroxyl radical (HO(â¢)), and nitric oxide (NO(â¢))), followed by the ferric reducing power, total phenols, flavonoid, and flavonol contents. The effects of the extracts on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase activities were also determined using the standard methods as well as the polyphenol profile using HPLC. The results showed that the hydroethanolic extract of T. tetraptera (CFH) has the lowest IC50 value with the DPPH, ABTS, OH, and NO radicals. The same extract also exhibited the significantly higher level of total phenols (37.24 ± 2.00 CAE/g dried extract); flavonoids (11.36 ± 1.88 QE/g dried extract); and flavonols contents (3.95 ± 0.39 QE/g dried extract). The HPLC profile of T. tetraptera revealed that eugenol (958.81 ± 00 mg/g DW), quercetin (353.78 ± 00 mg/g DW), and rutin (210.54 ± 00 mg/g DW) were higher in the fruit than the bark extracts. In conclusion, extracts from T. tetraptera may act as a protector against oxidative mediated ion toxicity.
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BACKGROUND: Several studies described the phytochemical constituents of plants in relation with the free radical scavenging property and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. This study investigated the in vitro antioxidant property, and the protective effects of ethanolic and aqueous ethanol extract of the leaves and barks of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (Huaceae) against ion mediated oxidative damages. METHODS: Four extracts (ethanol and aqueous-ethanol) from the leaves and barks of A. lepidophyllus were used in this study. The total phenols content, the antiradical and antioxidant properties were determined using standard colorimetric methods. RESULTS: The plant extracts had a significant scavenging potential on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals with the IC50 varied between 47 and 200 µg/mL depending on the part of plant and the type of extract. The ethanol extract of A. lepidophyllus bark (GEE) showed the highest polyphenolic (35.33 ± 0.29) and flavonoid (12.00 ± 0.14) content. All the tested extracts demonstrated a high protective potential with the increased of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities. CONCLUSION: Afrostyrax lepidophyllus extracts exhibited higher antioxidant potential and significant protective potential on liver enzymes.
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Sequestradores de Radicais Livres , Fígado/enzimologia , Oxigênio/química , Casca de Planta/enzimologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Árvores , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Benzotiazóis/química , Compostos de Bifenilo , Catalase/biossíntese , Catalase/metabolismo , Colorimetria , Etanol/química , Flavonoides/química , Radicais Livres , Radical Hidroxila/química , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Íons , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Molibdênio/química , Óxido Nítrico/química , Peroxidase/biossíntese , Fenol/química , Picratos , Análise de Componente Principal , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ácidos Sulfônicos/química , Superóxido Dismutase/biossínteseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies occur early in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections they have reverse effects on the nutritional status. The diet supplementation with a natural nutraceutical rich in proteins and micronutrient like Spirulina platensis, may be effective and efficient in delaying HIV disease progression by frequently reported improvement in immune response. METHODS: A prospective single-blind, randomized, multicenter study conducted on 320 HIV-1 ARV-naïve participants for 12 months. Participants received either S. platensis supplementation and standard care or standard care and local balanced diet without S. platenis. Selected hematological and biochemical as well as CD4 count cells, viral load copies were assessed at three separate times. RESULTS: Among the 169 ART-naïve participants enrolled in the study, the female was mostly represented (67.1%). The significant increase of CD4 count cells (596.32-614.92 cells count) and significant decrease of viral load levels (74.7 × 10(3)-30.87 × 10(3) copies/mL) of the patients who received a supplementation of S. platensis was found after 6 months of treatment. Haemoglobin level was also significantly higher in the same group while the fasting blood glucose concentration decreased after 12 months compared to control. CONCLUSION: A daily supplementation with S. platensis to diet combined with a reasonable balanced diet has significantly increased the CD4 cells and reduced the viral load after 6 months. Further studies are recommended among a large specific group of people infected by the HIV in order to investigate the mechanisms involved on the effect of S. platensis on immune system.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Spirulina/metabolismo , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Camarões , Dieta , Feminino , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Micronutrientes/sangue , Micronutrientes/deficiência , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Simples-Cego , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Excessive production of free radicals causes direct damage to biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates leading to tumor development and progression. Natural antioxidant molecules from phytochemicals of plant origin may directly inhibit either their production or limit their propagation or destroy them to protect the system. In the present study, Monodora myristica a non-timber forest product consumed in Cameroon as spice was screened for its free radical scavenging properties, antioxidant and enzymes protective activities. Its phenolic compound profile was also realized by HPLC. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that M. myristica has scavenging properties against DPPH(â¢), OH(â¢), NO(â¢), and ABTS(â¢) radicals which vary in a dose depending manner. It also showed an antioxidant potential that was comparable with that of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and vitamin C used as standard. The aqueous ethanol extract of M. myristica barks (AEH); showed a significantly higher content in polyphenolic compounds (21.44 ± 0.24 mg caffeic acid/g dried extract) and flavonoid (5.69 ± 0.07 quercetin equivalent mg/g of dried weight) as compared to the other studied extracts. The HPLC analysis of the barks and leaves revealed the presence of several polyphenols. The acids (3,4-OH-benzoic, caffeic, gallic, O- and P- coumaric, syringic, vanillic), alcohols (tyrosol and OH-tyrosol), theobromine, quercetin, rutin, catechine and apigenin were the identified and quantified polyphenols. All the tested extracts demonstrated a high protective potential on the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidase activities. CONCLUSION: Finally, the different extracts from M. myristica and specifically the aqueous ethanol extract reveal several properties such as higher free radical scavenging properties, significant antioxidant capacities and protective potential effects on liver enzymes.
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Annonaceae/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polifenóis/química , Especiarias , Benzotiazóis/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Camarões , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/análise , Florestas , Radical Hidroxila/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Peroxidases/efeitos dos fármacos , Picratos/metabolismo , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Excessive production of free radicals causes direct damage to biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates leading to tumor development and progression. Natural antioxidant molecules from phytochemicals of plant origin may directly inhibit either their production or limit their propagation or destroy them to protect the system. In the present study, Monodora myristica a non-timber forest product consumed in Cameroon as spice was screened for its free radical scavenging properties, antioxidant and enzymes protective activities. Its phenolic compound profile was also realized by HPLC. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that M. myristica has scavenging properties against DPPH',OH',NO', and ABTS'radicals which vary in a dose depending manner. It also showed an antioxidant potential that was comparable with that of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and vitamin C used as standard. The aqueous ethanol extract of M. myristica barks (AEH); showed a significantly higher content in polyphenolic compounds (21.44 ± 0.24 mg caffeic acid/g dried extract) and flavonoid (5.69 ± 0.07 quercetin equivalent mg/g of dried weight) as compared to the other studied extracts. The HPLC analysis of the barks and leaves revealed the presence of several polyphenols. The acids (3,4-OH-benzoic, caffeic, gallic, O- and P- coumaric, syringic, vanillic), alcohols (tyrosol and OH-tyrosol), theobromine, quercetin, rutin, catechine and apigenin were the identified and quantified polyphenols. All the tested extracts demonstrated a high protective potential on the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidase activities. CONCLUSION: Finally, the different extracts from M. myristica and specifically the aqueous ethanol extract reveal several properties such as higher free radical scavenging properties, significant antioxidant capacities and protective potential effects on liver enzymes.
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Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Especiarias , Annonaceae/química , Polifenóis/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Peroxidases/efeitos dos fármacos , Picratos/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/análise , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Camarões , Extratos Vegetais/química , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Florestas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Radical Hidroxila/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Casca de Planta/química , Benzotiazóis/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic alterations are among the majors public health concern that have been reported in people living with HIV infections. Factors contributing to cardio metabolic syndrome in HIV include body fat distribution, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular dysfunction and inflammation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteriaceae) supplementation versus local diet on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients. METHODS: A prospective single-blind, randomized, multicentre study was conducted from February 2010 to December 2012. A total of 320 HIV antiretroviral-naïve patients were screened and 169 were recruited in this study. Patients were randomized and received either Spirulina supplementation combined with local diet (n=82) or local diet only (n=87). Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, CD4 count, and local food intake variables were assessed on three separate occasions (three, six and twelve months). RESULTS: An average age of the patients was 35.6±9 years. The majority of participants were female 67.1%. Regarding the lipid profile, there is a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol and a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the group of patients who consumed Spirulina platensis. A change in the atherogenic index defined by the ratio CT/HDL-C substitutable by LDL-C/HDL-C and the TC/HDL decreased significantly from 10.83 at baseline to 2.22 after 12 months (p=0.21 and p<0.0001) in the patients taking Spirulina. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional supplementation with Spirulina combined with a quantitative and qualitative balanced diet for at least six months can retard an exposition to lipid abnormalities in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients. Further studies are recommended on a large group of people not infected with HIV and exposed to cardiovascular risk factors.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Dislipidemias/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Spirulina , Adulto , Camarões , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Simples-Cego , Resultado do Tratamento , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Annona muricata (A. muricata) is widely distributed in Asia, Africa and South America. Different parts of this plant are used to treat several diseases in Cameroon. The aim of this study is to determine the in vitro anti-proliferative effects and apoptotic events of A. muricata extracts on HL-60 cells as well as to quantify its phenols content. METHODS: The cell viability was measured by using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while the changes in morphology of HL-60 cells, membrane mitochondrial potential (MMP) and the cell cycle were used for assessment apoptosis induction. RESULTS: The results show that the concentration of phenols, flavonoids and flavonols in the extracts varied depending on the part of the plant. All the extracts tested inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 varied from 6-49 µg/mL. The growth inhibition of the cells by extracts was associated with the disruption of MMP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the G0/G1 cell arrest. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the extracts from A. muricata have strong antiproliferation potential and can induce apoptosis through loss of MMP and G0/G1 phase cell arrest.
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Annona/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , África , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/metabolismo , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Under oxidative stress conditions, endogenous antioxidant defenses are unable to completely inactivate the free radicals generated by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This state causes serious cell damage leading to a variety of human diseases. Natural antioxidants can protect cells against oxidative stress. Hypaodaphnis zenkeri (H. zenkiri) is a plant consumed as a spice in the Cameroonian diet, and its bark has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The present study aims at investigating the antioxidant activity, which includes free radical scavenging and protective properties of an extract from H. Zenkiri against oxidative damage on a liver homogenate. The free radical assays determined the scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals and the enzymes, whose protection was to be considered in the liver homogenate, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. The antioxidative activities were studied using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reductive activity, and phosphomolybdenum antioxidant power (PAP) methods. In addition, the phenolic contents of the extracts were examined. The results showed that these extracts demonstrated significant scavenging properties and antioxidant activities, with the hydro-ethanolic extract of the bark of H. zenkeri (EEH) being the most potent. This extract had the highest total polyphenol (21.77 ± 0.05 mg caffeic acid (CAE)/g dried extract (DE)) and flavonoids (3.34 ± 0.13 mg quercetin (QE)/g dried extract) content. The same extract had significantly greater protective effects on enzyme activities compared to other extracts. The high performance liquied chromatography (HPLC) profile showed higher levels of caffeic acid, OH-tyrosol acid, and rutin in the leaves compared to the bark of H. zenkeri. In conclusion, the ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts of the bark and leaves from H. zenkeri showed an antioxidant and protective potential against oxidative damage.