RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Post-stroke neglect is common and an independent predictor of functional outcome. Assessment of neglect is very demanding, the treatment extremely difficult and the literature vast; we performed a literature search for all aspects of this difficult subject. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE databases and historical manuals for authoritative studies on post stroke neglect between 1951 and 2011. FINDINGS: There is a great dearth of randomised controlled data on neglect because standardised assessment does not occur frequently. Eighty-eight manuscripts were identified in the literature, which were quite heterogeneous in their content and addressing diverse aspects of this clinical entity. INTERPRETATION AND IMPLICATIONS: The most important historical papers were selected along with the most widely accepted and proven strategies for assessment and treatment. Standardised assessment of neglect does not always occur, but several useful strategies are available and are described in the following sections.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Percepção/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Terapia Combinada , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Retroalimentação Sensorial/fisiologia , Humanos , Imagens, Psicoterapia/métodos , Neuroimagem/métodos , Exame Neurológico/métodos , Transtornos da Percepção/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Percepção/terapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Privação Sensorial , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Transtornos da Visão/terapia , Campos VisuaisRESUMO
Plants have long been used as herbal medicines in many countries. However, microbial contamination of these medicines may affect human health. Present study was performed to assess the pathogenic proliferation in the locally available commercial herbal oral medicines. The pathogenic load was compared with the microbiological standard given by the British Pharmacopoeia. Out of 85 oral liquid samples, 2 were found to be highly contaminated with a total aerobic bacterial load of 1.24 x 10(5) cfu/ml, 10 samples were contaminated with fungi (1.2 x 10(4)-6.3 x 10(4) cfu/ml). Tests for specific pathogens were carried out. One sample showed contamination by coliforms but none of the samples were contaminated by Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Among 40 semisolid samples, one showed to be contaminated with bacteria (1.93 x 10(5) cfu/g) and 5 samples consisted of fungal load ranging between 1.5 x 10(4)-2.2 x 10(4) cfu/g. The presence of bacteria and fungi in these samples thus suggest the fact that aseptic handling is necessary during processing of oral herbal medicines.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Medicamentos , Preparações de Plantas , Bangladesh , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The effect of biotin supplementation on various foot lesions and hoof ceramide composition of toe (wall) and sole portions of hooves was studied in crossbred dairy cattle. Biotin supplementation was done for five months in 14 cattle at a farm and the other 14 animals kept as control. A significant decline was observed in heel erosions and sole avulsions along with total disappearance of white line fissures and double soles in the biotin supplemented cattle resulting in decrease in the overall disease score. Thin layer chromatographs of the hoof lipids revealed 11 types of ceramides in sole lipids and 6 types of ceramides in toe (wall) lipids. The ceramides were typed and identified according to their Rf values. A qualitative increase in the density of thin layer chromatographs of sole lipids was observed in biotin supplemented cattle whereas a non-significant difference in density of thin layer chromatographs of toe lipids was observed after supplementation of biotin.