RESUMO
Kleeb Bua Daeng (KBD) formula has long been used in Thailand as a traditional herbal medicine for promoting brain health. Our recent reports illustrated that KBD demonstrates multiple modes of action against several targets in the pathological cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main purpose of the present study was to determine the protective effect and mechanism of KBD in amyloid beta (Aß)-induced AD rats and its toxicity profiles. Pretreatment with the KBD formula for 14 days significantly improved the short- and long-term memory performance of Aß-induced AD rats as assessed by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and object-recognition tests. KBD treatment increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase; reduced the malondialdehyde content, and; decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain. An acute toxicity test revealed that the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg did not cause any mortality or symptoms of toxicity. An oral, subchronic toxicity assessment of KBD at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days showed no adverse effects on behavior, mortality, hematology, or serum biochemistry. Our investigations indicate that KBD is a nontoxic traditional medicine with good potential for the prevention and treatment of AD.
RESUMO
Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were at increased risk of conversion to dementia. The Kleeb Bua Daeng (KBD) formula could be the alternative treatment option for MCI through multitarget activities. Lacking of clinical trial information brought about the study in our research. Forty patients with MCI were randomly assigned to receive the KBD capsule or placebo at a dose of 1,000 mg twice a day for three months. Their cognitive functions were monitored by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and blood chemistry assessment every one month. We found that the KBD-treated group had no significant differences in the MoCA test compared to placebo. Moreover, there was no alteration in biochemical parameters of the liver and renal function was observed which could confirm the safety of this KBD formula.
RESUMO
The Kleeb Bua Daeng formula (KBD) is a Thai traditional medicine for brain health promotion. On the basis of the activities of its individual components, the KBD could have good potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we investigated the KBD as an AD treatment. The ethanol extracts of KBD and its components, i.e., Nelumbo nucifera (NN), Piper nigrum fruits (BP), and the aerial part of Centella asiatica (CA) exhibited antioxidant activity, as determined by both ABTS and DPPH assays. The Ellman's assay revealed that the KBD, NN, and BP showed an ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. The thioflavin T assay indicated that the KBD, NN, BP, and CA inhibited beta-amyloid aggregation. The neuroprotection and Western blot analysis revealed that the KBD reduced H2O2-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, i.e., cleaved caspase-9 and -3, p-P65, p-JNK, and p-GSK-3ß, as well as by inducing expression of anti-apoptotic factors, i.e., MCl1, BClxl, and survivin. Furthermore, the KBD could improve scopolamine induced memory deficit in mice. Our results illustrate that the KBD with multimode action has the potential to be employed in AD treatment. Thus, the KBD could be used as an alternative novel choice for the prevention and treatment of patients with AD.