[Complex treatment of patients with lympho-venous insufficiency of the lower limbs].

The article is concerned with the study of use of physical factors in the treatment of chronic lymphphleboid failure of lower limbs. As a result, it was able to show a significant positive dynamic under the complex approach of treating this disease. In patients with chronic lymphphleboid failure of lower limbs justified individual tactics, based on the use of a wide range of modern medicines, physical therapy techniques, therapeutic exercises, lymphatic massage of the lower limbs. This leads to early rehabilitation and improvement of quality of patients' life.

[Interaction central GABA-B receptors with serotoninergic brain system during regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-testicular axis by the negative feedback mechanism in rats]. / Vzaimodeistvie tsentral'nylh GAMK-B retseptorov s serotoninergicheskoi sistemoi golovnogo mozga krys v reguliatsii gipotalamo-gipofizarno-semennikovogo kompleksa mekhanizmom otritsatel'noi obratnoi sviazi.

The findings suggest that the GABA inhibits testosterone compensation after hemicastration, due to activation of the mediobasal hypothalamus serotoninergic system in Wistar rats. The GABA seems also to exert an activating effect via the GABA-receptors upon the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular feedback regulation.

[The brain catecholaminergic system during the long-term correction of hereditary arterial hypertension]. / Katekholaminergicheskaia sistema mozga pri dlitel'noi korrektsii nasledstvennoi arterial'noi gipertenzii.

L-DOPA administration to 21--25-day-old rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH rats)lowered arterial pressure both at rest and in emotional stress in adult rats. The effect seems to be due to enhancement of the brain catecholamine synthesis rather than the peripheral one in early ontogenesis. The long-term hypotensive effect of the L-DOPA was supposed to be caused in part by changes revealed in the brain catecholaminergic system.

Correlations between the hypothalamic density of 3H-clonidine-binding sites and plasma testosterone levels in mice.

Correlations between the specific binding of radiolabelled adrenoligands in frontal cortex and hypothalamus, and plasma testosterone levels were investigated in inbred mouse strains. Binding values were structure and genotype dependent. There were significant negative intrastrain and interstrain correlations between hypothalamic binding of 3H-clonidine, an imidazoline with alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist specificity, and resting testosterone levels. Neither binding of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist 3H-prazosin nor of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist 3H-dihydroalprenolol (DHA) correlated significantly with hormone concentrations. The inverse correlation between hypothalamic 3H-clonidine-binding and plasma testosterone levels suggests a possible role of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the negative regulation of testosterone plasma levels.

[Correlations between specific binding of labeled adrenoligands of the brain and plasma testosterone in mice]. / Korreliativnye otnosheniia mezhdu spetsificheskim sviazyvaniem mechenykh adrenoligandov v mozge i testosteronom plazmy u myschei.

Correlations between specific binding of labeled adrenoligands in the frontal cortex and hypothalamus and peripheral blood plasma testosterone were studied in BALB/cLac, CBA/Lac, and S57BL/6J male mice. A negative correlation was detected between blood testosterone and the extent of specific binding of 3H-clonidine, a 1.6 nM alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, in the hypothalamus. No correlations were revealed between specific binding of 3H-clonidine in the frontal cortex and binding of the rest radioligands (0.4 nM alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist 3H-prazosin and 1.6 nM beta-adrenoceptor antagonist 3H-dihydroalprenolol) in both brain segments and blood testosterone level. Further experiments in six mouse strains (A/He, BALB/cLac, CBA/Lac, C57BL/6J, DD, and YT) revealed a reliable negative genotypic correlation between hypothalamic maximal specific binding of 3H-clonidine and testosterone level. The detected feedback may be an important regulatory mechanism of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal system in male mice.

[Tyrosine hydroxylase activity and expression of its gene in mice with contrasting capacity to dominate in social stress]. / Aktivnost' tirozingidroksilazy i ékspressiia ee gena u kontrastnykh po sposobnosti k dominirovaniiu myshei pri sotsial'nom stresse.

Changes of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and level of mRNA of TH gene in PT and CBA/Lac mouse strains, which are contrast by ability to dominate in heterogenous populations, were investigated. It was established, that the activity of TH both in dominate PT and subordinate CBA/Lac mice in hypothalamus, hippocampus and brain stem elevated in one hour after forming of micropopulations. But the appearance of this increase was different: activation of TH in hypothalamus and brain stem of PT mice was stronger then one in CBA/Lac mice. Moreover, the beginning of the reaction in brain stem of PT mice was earlier then that of CBA/Lac mice. MRNA level of TH gene in hypothalamus and brain stem in one hour was elevated only in PT mice for 50% and 200%, respectively. No changing in expression TH gene was found in hippocampus. In conclusion, it was suggested that the activation of catecholamine biosynthesis under social stress in hypothalamus and brain stem of male mice was due to the TH activation and increase of its gene expression.

[The effect of serotonin on the hypothalamic structures that participate in the regulation of the hypophyseal-adrenal cortex system]. / Vliianie serotonina na gipotalamicheskie struktury, uchastvuiushchie v reguliatsii gipofizarno-adrenokortikal'noi sistemy.

The activation of the 11-hydroxycorticosteroids secretion by 5-hydroxytryptophan was confirmed in intact rats as well as in those with isolated mediobasal hypothalamus. Deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus did not prevent an increase of corticoliberin and vasopressin content in the external median eminence after adrenalectomy and led to an opposite response after 5-hydroxytryptophan injection in these rats. The activation of the vasopressinergic cells and increase of portal vessels' lumen occurred under the 5-hydroxytryptophan effect, particularly in rats subjected to deafferentation combined with adrenalectomy.

Involvement of the catecholamine mechanisms in the activation of mouse hypophyseotesticular complex induced by the female presence effect.

We have studied the role of the adrenergic and dopaminergic mechanisms in the activation of the endocrine testicular function of CBA/Lac and A/He male mice induced by the presence of a female in estrus without any tactile contact with a male. The alpha-adrenoreceptor blocker phentolamine inhibited an increase in the peripheral blood plasma testosterone level caused by the receptive female challenge. Propranolol blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors abruptly increased the stimulating effect of the receptive female presence on the blood testosterone level. The expression of the adrenoblocker action on the blood male sex hormone level depended on a male genotype. The dopamine receptor blocker pimozide produced a moderate effect on the blood testosterone but an attempt to separate its influence into the male sex hormone tonic secretion and the blood testosterone level against a background of sexual activation failed. It was concluded that the adrenergic mechanisms were involved in the activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseotesticular complex induced by the presence of the receptive female.

[Genetical aspects of hormonal modification of the stress reactivity. II. Modification in early ontogenesis of the stress reactivity of adult gray rats selected for behavior toward man]. / Geneticheskie aspekty gormonal'noi modifikatsii stressornoi reaktivnosti. Soobshchenie II. Modifikatsiia v rannem ontogeneze stressornoi reaktivnosti vzroslykh serykh krys, selektiruemykh po povedeniiu na cheloveka.

Inherited and modificational changes of the stress reactivity in two outbreed stocks of wild Norway rats trapped in nature and selected for behaviour were studied. During 18 generations the rats of one stock were selected for the lack of defensive behaviour in the glove test (tame), while in another stock the aggressiveness was maintained by the selection (aggressive). Interstock differences in the brain noradrenaline mechanisms were observed. The emotional stress reactivity of the tame animals was decreased, in comparison with the aggressive ones. Definitive stress reactivity of adult rats was modified by injections of hydrocortisone to their mothers on the 16 and 18 days of gestation. Hormonal treatment changed noradrenaline mechanisms and decreased the reaction to emotional stressor in aggressive rats. The modified level of the stress reactivity of aggressive rats was similar to the definitive level of the tame ones. Hormonal treatment did not modify stress reactivity in tame rats. Thus, the phenotype only emerging in aggressive rats, as a result of hormonal modification, is the inherited norm of the tame animals. However, due to rat selection for the lack of defensive behaviour towards the man, high corticosteroid level in the blood of pregnant females, an external developmental factor, in respect to the fetus, loses regulatory function during the development of the neuroendocrine mechanisms of the stress reaction.

Hypothalamic serotoninergic receptors in negative feed-back regulation of pituitary-testicular axis in rats.

Complete deafferentation of mediobasal hypothalamus did not prevent a decrease of testosterone level in plasma of male rats after a hemicastration. From this finding a conclusion on a relative autonomy of hypophysiotropic area of hypothalamus in regulating the blood testosterone level by a negative feed-back mechanism was drawn. However, the administration of serotonin (200 micrograms in 10 microliters) into the lateral ventricle in rat males bearing a complete deafferentation of mediobasal hypothalamus resulted in a blocking of compensatory increase of testosterone level in plasma after a hemicastration as compared to either intact or just deafferented animals in which the level of testosterone reached the initial value at 72 h after a hemicastration. Finally, the experiments with the injections of serotonin (2.5 micrograms in 2 microliters) into various areas of mediobasal hypothalamus showed that the site of inhibitory effect of stimulated serotoninergic receptors on the mechanism of negative feed-back in pituitary-testicular system may be located in arcuate nuclei.

[Role of serotonin receptors of the medial-basal hypothalamus in the mechanisms of negative feedback of the hypophyseal-testicular complex]. / Rol' serotoninovykh retseptorov medial'no-bazal'nogo gipotalamusa v mekhanizmakh obratnoi otritsatel'noi sviazi gipofizarno-semennikovogo kompleks.

Administration of serotonin into the lateral ventricle of the brain of male rats, against the background of complete isolation of the medial-basal hypothalamus was accompanied by the block of the compensatory elevation of the blood testosterone level following unilateral castration. Experiments with local serotonin administration into the hypophysial region of the hypothalamus of hemicastrated rats indicated that the inhibitory effect produced by the excitation of the serotonin receptors of this region on the mechanism of the negative feedback of the hypophysis-testicular system was realized at the arcuate nuclei level.

[Participation of the cerebral serotonin receptors in the negative-feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-testis system]. / Ob uchastii serotoninovykh retseptorov golovnogo mozga v mekhanizmakh obratnoi otritsatel'noi sviazi sistemy gipotalamus-gipofiz-semenniki.

Intraperitoneal administration of 5-oxytryptophane or the administration of serotonin into the lateral ventricle of the brain to the unilaterally castrated male albino rats was accompanied by block of the compensatory increase of the testosterone level in the peripheral blood plasma occurring after its fall caused by hemicastration. Under analogous conditions the intraperitoneal administration of p-chlorphenylalanine or the intraventricular administration of methisergide intensified the compensatory increase of blood testosterone after castration. A conclusion was drawn that stimulation of the serotonin receptors of the brain produced an inhibitory influence on the central negative feed-back mechanisms in the hypothalamus-hypophysis-testes system.

Diencephalic dopamine receptors and regulation of pituitary-testicular system.

Injection of dopamine, DOPA or apomorphine into the third brain ventricle resulted in an increase in the plasma testosterone level. Pimozide, blocking dopamine receptors, as well as complete, long-posterior and posterior but not anterior deafferentation of the MBH abolished the stimulating action of dopamine. After direct injection of dopamine into the arcuate nucleus there was no stimulating effect on the pituitary-gonadal system. At the same time, local injections of dopamine and apomorphine into the medial part of the subthalamus or periventricular gray matter of the caudal thalamus were followed by a distinct increase in the plasms testosterone level. The conclusion is drawn that the brain dopaminergic neurons activating the pituitary-gonadal system in the male are localized outside the hypophyseotrophic area of hypothalamus in zona incerta and caudal part of the thalamus. After stimulation of diencephalic dopamine receptors, nervous impulses are transmitted to the MBH through the posterior hypothalamic pathways.

[Participation of cerebral dopamine receptors in activating the endocrine function of the male sex glands]. / Ob uchastii dofominovykh retseptorov mozga v aktivatsii éndokrinnoi funktsii muzhskikh polovykh zhelez

One hour after the administration of 10 gamma of dopamine into the third ventricle of the brain to male albino rate the level of testosterone in the peripheral blood plasma (determined fluorimetrically) proved to double. Such effect was absent against the background of complete postero-lateral or posterior deafferentation of the meidal-basal area of the hypothalamus (MBAH). Section of the anterior nervous connections of the MBAH with the preoptic region failed to prevent the stimulating action of dopamine administered into the ventricle: blood testosterone level doubled as in the rats with an intact hypothalamus. A conclusion was made that dopamine receptors associated with the endocrine function of the male gonad were located outside the MBAH. Nervous tracts conducting this excitation reached the hypophyseotrophic zone of the hypothalamus through its posterior connections.