Status of Serum Iron and Fasting Serum Glucose in Reproductive Aged Women Taking Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill.

The oral contraceptive pill, 'the pill', was introduced in the beginning of the 1960s. Presently, worldwide about 100 million women are current users of combined oral hormonal contraceptives (COC) most frequently used in the western world. Oral contraceptive use has been associated with decreased menstrual blood losses; thus, can independently reduce the risk of anemia and iron deficiency in women. Manufacturers have recently started to include supplemental iron in the non-hormonal placebo tablets of some contraceptives. This study was done to evaluate the status of serum iron and fasting serum glucose in combined oral contraceptive pill users in comparison to non-users. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2022. A total number of 120 reproductive aged women, age ranged from 15-55 years was included in this study. Among them, sixty (60) combined oral contraceptive pill users subjects were taken as study group (Group II) and sixty (60) age matched oral pill non users subjects were taken as control group (Group I). Data were expressed as mean±SD and statistical significance of difference among the group was calculated by unpaired students' 't' test. The mean±SD of serum iron of control group (Group I) and study group (Group II) were 93.22±17.19µg/dl and 181.57±22.06µg/dl respectively. The mean±SD of fasting serum glucose of control group (Group I) and study group (Group II) were 4.67±0.61mmol/L and 6.61±0.61mmol/L respectively. Serum iron and fasting serum glucose increased in study group in comparison to control group. Result is statistically highly significant (p<0.001). So there from this study it can be concluded that there is significant association of serum iron and fasting serum glucose with oral contraceptives.

Status of Serum Ferritin Level among Iron Deficiency Anemic Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh.

Adolescence explained as a period of age between 10 to 19 years. This is a major contributing period to build up the health of girls. Ferritin is an intracellular protein that contains iron and releases it in a controlled fashion and it reflects body iron stores and systemic inflammation during adolescent period. It is considered the best single test for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia during adolescent because its concentration is directly proportional to total body iron stores in adolescent period. This study was done in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate the changes of serum ferritin levels among iron deficient anemic adolescent girls in comparison to healthy adolescent girls in Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional, prospective, analytical type of study. This study ranged from 10-19 years of adolescent girls. Seventy (70) healthy adolescent girls, as control group (Group I). Seventy (70) iron deficiency anemic adolescent girls as study group (Group II). Serum ferritin was estimated by Micro-particle Enzyme Immunoassay Test Kit. Data were expressed as mean (±SD). Statistical significance of difference among the Group I and Group II were calculated by unpaired students 't' test. The mean±SD level of serum ferritin among Group I and Group II were 26.22±4.03µg/L and 13.33±3.18µg/L respectively. Mean values ±SD of serum ferritin significantly lower in (Group II) in comparison with (Group I). Higher numbers of adolescent girls are still suffering from anemia along with low level of serum ferritin in Bangladesh. For combat this situation, immediate, sustainable and long term public health intervention and nutritional supplementation must be required.

Relation of Serum Iron Level with Serum Zinc Level among Adolescent Girls with Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Bangladesh.

Adolescent girls are vulnerable in underdeveloped and developing countries due to having public health problems regarding iron deficiency anaemia. As zinc acts as a cofactor in iron metabolism, so the deficiency of this trace element is associated with iron deficiency anaemia. This study was done to evaluate the changes of serum iron and serum zinc levels among iron deficient anaemic adolescent girls in comparison to healthy adolescent girls in Bangladesh. This prospective type of analytical cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2019 to December 2020. Total number of 140 adolescent girl's age ranged from10-19 years included in this study. Among them, 70 healthy adolescent girls, were taken as control group (Group I). Remaining 70 Adolescent girls with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) were taken as study group (Group II). Estimation of serum iron was determined by Ferrozine method using Globals iron kit, UK. Serum zinc levels were determined by colorimetric method with reagents. All data were expressed as mean (±SD) and statistical significance of difference among the group I ( healthy adolescent girls) and group II (adolescent girls with iron deficiency anaemia) were calculated by unpaired students' 't' test. Correlation of serum iron with serum zinc was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient test. The mean values (±SD) of serum iron level of Group I and Group II were 69.06±18.11µg/dl & 15.61±9.12µg/dl respectively. Mean values (±SD) of serum iron significantly lower in study group (Group II) in comparison with control group (Group I). The mean (±SD) of serum zinc level of Group I and Group II were 75.48±14.26µg/dl & 33.27±12.94µg/dl respectively. Mean value (±SD) of serum zinc levels were significantly lower in study group (Group II) in comparison with control group (Group I). Serum zinc level was positively correlated with serum iron and that was statistically significant. The deficiency of iron does not occur alone; rather it is typically associated and developed with hypozincemia. The study suggests on supplementing iron along with zinc to correct the deficiency especially in adolescent girls when their metabolic demand is high.

Study on Serum Magnesium, Fasting Serum Glucose, Serum Glucose 2 Hours after Meal in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out to observe serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and was performed in the department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2016. For this purpose, a total number of 200 subjects of both sexes with age ranged from 30-60 years were selected of whom 100 were type 2 diabetic person and 100 were apparently healthy. Serum magnesium was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in both male and female of the study group in comparison to healthy control group. From this study, it may conclude that type 2 persons are considered to have significant positive relation for formation of hypomagnesaemia. So, prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by taking necessary steps like regular physical exercise, intake of healthy diet and behavior therapy may supplementation of magnesium help in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus related complication.

Gestational anemia.

Gestational anemia is a common public health problem in our country. Most anemia during pregnancy results from an increased need for iron as her body is making more blood. Often dietary supplementation does not provide enough iron to meet the extra needs. Also the growing baby takes all the iron it needs from mother, regardless of how much iron is stored in mother's blood. Gestational Anemia contributed significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality, IUGR, preterm delivery and perinatal morbidity and mortality. A high proportion of women in both industrialized and developing countries become anemic during pregnancy. The most important cause of gestational anemia due to iron deficiency, because high iron requirements during pregnancy are not easily fulfilled by dietary intake. Adequate iron stores can help a pregnant women replace lost red blood cells. So, iron supplementation is strongly recommended for all pregnant women in developing countries. Oral iron intake is the treatment of choice and almost all pregnant women can be treated effectively with oral iron preparation during their pregnancy period.

Cell-biology of ageing. III. Malondialdehyde as an index of free radical reactions in the early senescent mutants of Neurospora crassa and study of the effect of free radical scavengers on malondialdehyde contents.

Malondialdehyde - a product of lipid peroxidation due to free radical reaction was estimated in the culture filtrates of early senescent mutants of Neurospora crassa and the effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and Sodium selenite (free radical scavengers) in malondialdehyde contents were studied. From the results obtained, it could not be established that increased free radical reaction was the sole factor for the early senescence of all the mutants; and the free radical scavengers had very little effect on the malondialdehyde content of the selected early senescent mutants.