RESUMO
The present work demonstrated and compared the anti-inflammatory effects of celery leaf (CLE) and stem (CSE) extracts. LC-MS-based metabolomics were an effective approach to achieve the biomarker identification and pathway elucidation associated with the reduction in inflammatory responses. The celery extracts suppressed LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, and CLE was five times more effective than CSE. Distinct differences were revealed between the control and celery-treated samples among the 24 characteristic metabolites that were identified. In celery-treated LPS cells, reversals of intracellular (citrulline, proline, creatine) and extracellular (citrulline, lysine) metabolites revealed that the therapeutic outcomes were closely linked to arginine metabolism. Reversals of metabolites when treated with CLE (aspartate, proline) indicated targeted effects on the TCA and urea cycles, while, in the case of CSE (histidine, glucose), the glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathways were implicated. Subsequently, apigenin and bergapten in CLE were identified as potential biomarkers mediating the anti-inflammatory response.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Apium/química , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação de Macrófagos/imunologia , Metaboloma , Metabolômica/métodos , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Caules de Planta/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Quantum dots (QDs) originating from two-dimensional (2D) sheets of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), monoatomic buckled crystals (phosphorene), germanene, silicene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are emerging zero-dimensional materials. These QDs possess diverse optical properties, are chemically stable, have surprisingly excellent biocompatibility and are relatively amenable to surface modifications. It is therefore not difficult to see that these QDs have potential in a variety of bioapplications, including biosensing, bioimaging and anticancer and antimicrobial therapy. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress of these exciting QD based nanoagents and strategies for phototherapy. In addition, we will discuss about the current limitations, challenges and future prospects of QDs in biomedical applications.