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1.
Nat Prod Res ; : 1-10, 2024 Jan 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38226585

RESUMO

Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall. is commonly used in traditional Yi herbal medicine for treating bellyache and toothache. In the current study, an unreported monoterpene glucoside, (S)-thymoquinol O-(6-O-oleuropeoyl)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (1), together with 11 known glucosides were obtained from the whole herb of H. heterophyllum. Their structures were determined based on a detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and acid hydrolysis and methanolysis reactions. Bioassay results showed that compounds 1 and 10 at 40 mg/kg exhibited significant antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing model, with inhibitions of 59.80% and 64.07%, respectively. Moreover, five of the isolates showed moderate anti-α-glucosidase activities with IC50 values ranging from 5.67 to 46.16 µM.

2.
Food Funct ; 15(14): 7252-7270, 2024 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287779

RESUMO

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has traditionally been used as a cooking spice and herbal medicine for treating nausea and vomiting. More recently, ginger was found to effectively reduce the risk of diseases such as gastroenteritis, migraine, gonarthritis, etc., due to its various bioactive compounds. 6-Shogaol, the pungent phenolic substance in ginger, is the most pharmacologically active among such compounds. The aim of the present study was to review the pharmacological characteristic of 6-shogaol, including the properties of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour, and its corresponding molecular mechanism. With its multiple mechanisms, 6-shogaol is considered a beneficial natural compound, and therefore, this review will shed some light on the therapeutic role of 6-shogaol and provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of 6-shogaol.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Antioxidantes , Catecóis , Zingiber officinale , Humanos , Catecóis/farmacologia , Catecóis/química , Zingiber officinale/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química
3.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 216: 115787, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37666434

RESUMO

Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for malignant tumors. However, chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) has been a major concern for cancer patients, which reduces their quality of life and leads to treatment intolerance and even cessation. Nevertheless, prevention and treatment for CIGT are challenging, due to the prevalence and complexity of the condition. Chemotherapeutic drugs directly damage gastrointestinal mucosa to induce CIGT, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, gastrointestinal mucositis, and diarrhea, etc. The pathogenesis of CIGT involves multiple factors, such as gut microbiota disorders, inflammatory responses and abnormal neurotransmitter levels, that synergistically contribute to its occurrence and development. In particular, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota is usually linked to abnormal immune responses that increases inflammatory cytokines' expression, which is a common characteristic of many types of CIGT. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal neurotoxicity is also a vital concern in CIGT. Currently, modern medicine is the dominant treatment of CIGT, however, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted interest as a complementary and alternative therapy that can greatly alleviate CIGT. Accordingly, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize the pathogenesis and current management of CIGT using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and proposed that future research for CIGT should focus on the gut microbiota, intestinal neurotoxicity, and promising TCM therapies, which may help to develop more effective interventions and optimize managements of CIGT.

4.
Drug Des Devel Ther ; 16: 1731-1741, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35698654

RESUMO

Tumor-associated anorexia, mainly including cancerous anorexia and chemotherapy-induced anorexia, severely reduces the life quality of cancer patients but lacks of effective control until now. Liujunzi decoction (LJZD), a classical tonifying formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has promising effect in preventing and treating many kinds of anorexia. A growing number of evidence showed that LJZD is able to improve tumor-associated anorexia. Up to March 2022, a total of 58 articles studying LJZD or Rikkunshito (the name of LJZD in Japanese herbal medicine) in the treatment of tumor-associated anorexia are searched out in PubMed. This paper summarizes the effect of LJZD in ameliorating tumor-associated anorexia, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of LJZD in treating tumor-associated anorexia, laying foundation for further research.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Neoplasias , Anorexia/tratamento farmacológico , Anorexia/etiologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35251202

RESUMO

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common and painful side effect that occurs in cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic drugs. Although an abundance of agents are applied to prevent CINV, there is still lack of effective control in delayed nausea and vomiting. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), a traditional antiemetic herb, draws attention due to its therapeutic effect in treating acute and delayed CINV. Its main bioactive pungent constituents, gingerols, contribute to the antiemetic effect against CINV primarily. A growing number of reports have made progress in investigating the mechanisms of gingerols and their single ingredients against CINV. In this review, we searched for relevant studies in PubMed database to summarize the mechanism of gingerols in the prevention of CINV and provided a preliminary prediction on the potential targets and signaling pathways using network pharmacology, laying a foundation for further researches.

6.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 285: 114840, 2022 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34800646

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: As a traditional Chinese formula, Liujunzi Decoction (LJZD) originated from the Yi Xue Zheng Zhuan, and has a promising effect in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia (CIA). AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aims to investigate whether LJZD acts on interleukin-6 (IL-6)/leptin mediated janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway that regulates hypothalamus anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides to ameliorate CIA, and also elucidates the potential mechanism by metabolomic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Network pharmacology analyses were conducted to screen out potential targets and pathways. The CIA rat model was established via an intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. The histological changes of gastric antrum, liver and ileum were observed by HE staining. The serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, IL-6 and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) were measured by ELISA. The JAK1/2 and STAT levels in gastric antrum and hypothalamus were detected by Western blot. The transcriptions of gastric antrum and hypothalamus IL-6R mRNA, and hypothalamus cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), upregulated orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related protein (AGRP) mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR. The blood samples of control, model and high dose LJZD groups were analyzed by metabolomic. RESULTS: Network pharmacology highlighted the IL-6/leptin mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which regulated downstream anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides in hypothalamus. LJZD ameliorated CIA via stimulating food intake and water consumption in rats. Cisplatin-induced gastric antrum, liver, ileum injuries were ameliorated, serum leptin level reduction was elevated, and ghrelin, IL-6, GDF15 level increases were decreased after LJZD treatments. In gastric antrum and hypothalamus, LJZD inhibited cisplatin-induced activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway, downregulated the transcriptions of downstream anorexigenic peptides CART, POMC, TRH, and upregulated orexigenic peptides NPY, AGRP in hypothalamus. Importantly, the effect of LJZD in treating CIA might partly relate to the improvements of 23 abnormal metabolites. CONCLUSION: This study implies that inhibiting JAK-STAT signaling pathway, regulating the expressions of anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, and mediating various metabolic pathways might be potential mechanisms of LJZD's effect against CIA.


Assuntos
Anorexia/tratamento farmacológico , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Janus Quinases/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Fatores de Transcrição STAT/metabolismo , Animais , Anorexia/induzido quimicamente , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Janus Quinases/genética , Masculino , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Farmacologia em Rede , Neuropeptídeos/genética , Neuropeptídeos/metabolismo , Oligopeptídeos/genética , Oligopeptídeos/metabolismo , Ácido Pirrolidonocarboxílico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Pirrolidonocarboxílico/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Transcrição STAT/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
7.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 85(9): 2054-2064, 2021 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34232292

RESUMO

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extract (FAE) against cisplatin-induced emesis and to explore the antiemetic mechanism of FAE by focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a rat pica model. Our results showed that FAE significantly ameliorated cisplatin-induced acute and delayed pica in rats. Moreover, FAE improved the gastrointestinal histopathological injury and reduced the levels of serum ROS, IL-1ß, and IL-18 in cisplatin-treated rats. In addition, the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1ß and the colocalization of the NLRP3 with ASC or caspase-1 in rat gastric antrum and ileum were also suppressed by FAE. Taken together, our findings indicate that FAE has a therapeutic effect against CINV, which may be related to its inhibition of the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Forsythia/química , Inflamassomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Caulim/análise , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/antagonistas & inibidores , Pica/induzido quimicamente , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Cisplatino/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos
8.
Front Pharmacol ; 12: 790784, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35222008

RESUMO

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), a common side effect in antineoplastic treatment, dramatically decreases the quality of life as well as the compliance of cancer patients. Although numerous antiemetic agents have been used for CINV treatment, its adverse reactions as well as its inadequate control toward delayed emesis still limit its clinical usage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with more than 3,000 years of practical history in Asia, has been successfully applied to mitigate chemotherapy-induced side effects. Growing attention is drawn to the antiemetic effect of TCM against CINV due to its promising therapeutic property and higher safety recently. In this review, we summarize the classic antiemetic TCM-based treatment and its mechanisms, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further investigations of TCM against CINV in the future.

9.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 131: 110699, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32890970

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang decoction (XBXT), an antiemetic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to be a potential treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), but the underlying mechanisms are not adequately understood. This study aimed to investigate changes in the ileum transcriptome after cisplatin and XBXT treatment and to reveal whether the antiemetic mechanisms of XBXT are related to its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS: The pica model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of 6 mg/kg cisplatin in Wistar rats. Tissues from the gastric antrum and ileum were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe gastrointestinal tract pathological changes. Based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which were altered by cisplatin and reversed by XBXT, the transcriptome data of rat ileum were analyzed by GO, KEGG, and PPI analyses. Several inflammatory DEGs were validated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: XBXT could reduce kaolin intake up to 72 h after modeling and alleviate the inflammatory damage of gastric antrum and ileum induced by cisplatin. According to the transcriptome profile, there were 75 DEGs down-regulated by cisplatin and up-regulated by XBXT and 343 DEGs up-regulated by cisplatin and down-regulated by XBXT. XBXT could blunt the overexpression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis) in ileum. Enrichment analysis showed that inhibiting overexpression of several conventional inflammation pathways and pro-inflammation cytokines were related to the antiemetic effectiveness of XBXT. CONCLUSIONS: This study implies that inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and synthesis of serotonin might be potential mechanisms of XBXT's antiemetic effect against CINV.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antieméticos/farmacologia , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , RNA-Seq , Animais , Citocinas/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Trato Gastrointestinal/patologia , Masculino , Pica/induzido quimicamente , Pica/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Triptofano Hidroxilase/antagonistas & inibidores
10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32308708

RESUMO

Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang (XBXT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used for the treatment of emesis for nearly 2000 years, but its underlying mechanism is not yet fully clarified. The purpose of this study is to reveal the antiemetic mechanisms of XBXT by focusing on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in a chemotherapy-induced rat pica model. The pica model was generated by a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin in this study. Consumption of kaolin (a type of clay) and food and body weight were recorded every 24 hours. Cisplatin-induced increase in kaolin consumption (pica) was used to quantify chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Tissue from the ileum and antrum was stained with hematoxylin eosin (HE) to observe pathological changes. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß and IL-18 in serum, were detected by ELISA. In addition, changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the ileum and antrum were investigated using western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. The results showed that oral administration of XBXT and ondansetron inhibited acute and delayed pica and significantly protected against the gastrointestinal pathological injury induced by cisplatin. The levels of ROS, IL-1ß, and IL-18 in the serum of cisplatin-treated rats were also remarkably decreased by XBXT and ondansetron. Moreover, we found that XBXT can inhibit cisplatin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The present study indicates that the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation might be one of the potential mechanisms for the therapeutic effects of XBXT against CINV.

11.
Cell Death Dis ; 9(2): 161, 2018 02 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29415987

RESUMO

HSP60 is a mitochondrial localized quality control protein responsible for maintaining mitochondrial function. Although HSP60 is considered both a tumor suppressor and promoter in different types of cancer, the role of HSP60 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that HSP60 was aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that HSP60 expression is positively correlated with pancreatic cancer. Further, knockdown of HSP60 attenuated pancreatic ductal cancer cell proliferation and migration/invasion, whereas ectopic expression of HSP60 increased tumorigenesis. Using an in vivo tumorigenicity assay, we confirmed that HSP60 promoted the growth of pancreatic ductal cancer cells. Functional analyses demonstrated that HSP60 plays a key role in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, both HSP60 knockdown and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition by metformin decreased Erk1/2 phosphorylation and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, whereas Erk1/2 reactivation with EGF promoted cell proliferation. Intriguingly, in vitro ATP supplementation partially restored Erk1/2 phosphorylation and promoted proliferation in PDAC cells with HSP60 knockdown and OXPHOS inhibition. These results suggest that mitochondrial ATP is an important sensor of Erk1/2 regulated apoptosis and the cell cycle in PDAC cells. Thus, our findings indicate for the first time that HSP60 may serve as a novel diagnostic target of human pancreatic cancer, and that inhibition of mitochondrial function using drugs such as metformin may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy targeting pancreatic cancer cells with aberrant function of the HSP60/OXPHOS/Erk1/2 phosphorylation axis.


Assuntos
Chaperonina 60/metabolismo , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Fosforilação Oxidativa , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Metformina/administração & dosagem , Metformina/farmacologia , Camundongos Nus , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Fosforilação Oxidativa/efeitos dos fármacos
12.
Chin Med Sci J ; 29(1): 7-14, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24698672

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safty of sorafenib in Child-Pugh class B to class C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: In this three-center open-label study from November 2011 to May 2013, we randomly assigned 189 patients with advanced Child-Pugh class B or C HCC patients into two groups, one group with 95 patient to receive sorafenib (400 mg a time, twice a day) and the other group with 94 patients to receive best supportive care. The primary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: The median progression-free survival was 2.2 months and 1.9 months in the sorafenib group and best supportive care group respectively (Hazard ratio in the sorafenib group, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.75; P=0.002). The median overall survival was 4.0 months and 3.5 months in the sorafenib group and best supportive care group respectively (Hazard ratio in the sorafenib group, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.68; P<0.001). The main adverse effect of sorafenib was rash and acne of the skin (in 51.7% patients). The incidences of severe rash, diarrhea, and dry skin were 5.6%, 5.6%, and 2.2% in the sorafenib group. One patient reached partial response in the sorafenib group. CONCLUSIONS: Sorafenib is safe in patients with liver function impaired advanced HCC. It is effective in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with best supportive care. Liver functions are the important predictive factors.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compostos de Fenilureia/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Testes de Função Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Niacinamida/administração & dosagem , Niacinamida/efeitos adversos , Niacinamida/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Fenilureia/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Fenilureia/efeitos adversos , Sorafenibe , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
13.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 37(10): 1483-6, 2012 May.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22860466

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study contractility of guinea pig ileum in vitro,and analyze the mechanism of anti-emetic effects of Lianqiao. METHOD: Using emesis-relating agonists as drugs, the inhibitory effects of Lianqiao on guinea pig ileum contractility in vitro were observed in organ bath. RESULT: Lianqiao could inhibit guinea pig ileum spontaneous contractions, reducing the tone of contractions dose-dependently. Acetylcholine (Ach), histamine (His), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) stimulated contractions of the guinea pig ileum, enhanced the tone and amplitude. All the three doses (10, 5, 2 g x L(-1)) of Lianqiao could suppress the contractility, significantly reduced the tone and amplitude of ileum contractions stimulated by drugs but not the frequency. Dopamine could inhibit the spontaneous contraction tone and amplitude of ileum; Both the large doses (10, 5 g x L(-1)) of Lianqiao could antagonise the inhibitory effect of DA, enhance the tone and amplitude. Small dose(2 g x L(-1)) had additive effects on tone of ileum contractions with DA,but enhanced the amplitude not the frequency. CONCLUSION: Lianqiao have an inhibitory effect on guinea pig ileum contractions,the mechanism might be blocking M receptor, H1 receptor, 5-HT receptor and D2 receptor or directly suppressed ileum smooth muscle. The mechanisms of anti-emetic effect of Lianqiao needs further study.


Assuntos
Antieméticos/farmacologia , Forsythia , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Dopamina/farmacologia , Cobaias , Íleo/fisiologia , Masculino , Fitoterapia
14.
Radiology ; 251(3): 653-62, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19276320

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To compare changes in the concentration of choline-containing compounds (tCho) and in tumor size at follow-up after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) between patients who achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) and those who did not (non-pCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the institutional review board and was compliant with HIPAA; each patient gave informed consent. Thirty-five patients (mean age, 48 years +/- 11 [standard deviation]; range, 29-75 years) with breast cancer were included. Treatment included doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by a taxane-based regimen. Changes in tCho and tumor size in pCR versus non-pCR groups were compared by using the two-way Mann-Whitney nonparametric test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to differentiate between them and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was compared. RESULTS: In the pCR group, the tCho level change was greater compared with change in tumor size (P = .003 at first follow-up, P = .01 at second follow-up), but they were not significantly different in the non-pCR group. Changes in tumor size and tCho level at the first follow-up study were not significantly different between the pCR and non-pCR groups but reached significance at the second follow-up. In ROC analysis, the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopic parameters had AUCs of 0.65-0.68 at first follow-up; at second follow-up, AUC for change in tumor size was 0.9, AUC for change in tCho was 0.73. CONCLUSION: Patients who show greater reduction in tCho compared with changes in tumor size are more likely to achieve pCR. The change in tumor size halfway through therapy was the most accurate predictor of pCR.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Bevacizumab , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Colina/metabolismo , Meios de Contraste , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Curva ROC , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Trastuzumab , Resultado do Tratamento
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