Nursing Care for Spiritual Pain in Terminal Cancer Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

CONTEXT: Spiritual well-being is important for terminal cancer patients; however, appropriate interventions remain to be established. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care to alleviate spiritual pain in daily clinical practice using a Spiritual Pain Assessment Sheet-based spiritual care program for nurses (SpiPas-SCP-N). METHODS: A nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted in five palliative care units in Japan. The intervention group received spiritual care based on SpiPas-SCP-N by ward nurses. The primary outcome was the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual (FACIT-Sp). Secondary outcomes included: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Comprehensive Quality of life Outcome (CoQoLo), and the Japanese version of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-J). Propensity score matching was used for adjustment. RESULTS: Terminal cancer patients were assigned to the control and intervention groups (n = 140 and 157, respectively); of whom, 97 (69.8%) and 106 (68.0%), respectively, completed two weeks. Seventy-three patients were matched in each group. The total score of FACIT-Sp increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group; however, there was no significant difference (95% CI, -3.98, 1.41, P = 0.347). HADS total score significantly increased (95% CI, 0.15, 3.87, P = 0.035), whereas there were no significant changes in CoQoLo and MDASI-J scores. The effect size of changes in FACIT-Sp subscales were 0.25 in the meaning/peace subscale and 0.04 in the faith subscale. CONCLUSION: SpiPas-SCP-N for spiritual pain may have a positive impact on terminal cancer patients. Future research using larger samples, randomized design, and the meaning/peace subscale of FACIT-Sp as the primary outcome is necessary as well as supervision and continuous training in daily nursing practice.

Adult Basic Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations.

This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations on basic life support summarizes evidence evaluations performed for 22 topics that were prioritized by the Basic Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The evidence reviews include 16 systematic reviews, 5 scoping reviews, and 1 evidence update. Per agreement within the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, new or revised treatment recommendations were only made after a systematic review. Systematic reviews were performed for the following topics: dispatch diagnosis of cardiac arrest, use of a firm surface for CPR, sequence for starting CPR (compressions-airway-breaths versus airway-breaths-compressions), CPR before calling for help, duration of CPR cycles, hand position during compressions, rhythm check timing, feedback for CPR quality, alternative techniques, public access automated external defibrillator programs, analysis of rhythm during chest compressions, CPR before defibrillation, removal of foreign-body airway obstruction, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, drowning, and harm from CPR to victims not in cardiac arrest. The topics that resulted in the most extensive task force discussions included CPR during transport, CPR before calling for help, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, feedback for CPR quality, and analysis of rhythm during chest compressions. After discussion of the scoping reviews and the evidence update, the task force prioritized several topics for new systematic reviews.

2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a near-continuous review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation science that replaces the previous 5-year cyclic batch-and-queue approach process. This is the first of an annual series of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations summary articles that will include the cardiopulmonary resuscitation science reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in the previous year. The review this year includes 5 basic life support and 1 pediatric Consensuses on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Each of these includes a summary of the science and its quality based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force members are provided in Values and Preferences sections. Finally, the task force members have prioritized and listed the top 3 knowledge gaps for each population, intervention, comparator, and outcome question.

2017 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations Summary.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a near-continuous review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation science that replaces the previous 5-year cyclic batch-and-queue approach process. This is the first of an annual series of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations summary articles that will include the cardiopulmonary resuscitation science reviewed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation in the previous year. The review this year includes 5 basic life support and 1 paediatric Consensuses on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Each of these includes a summary of the science and its quality based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force members are provided in Values and Preferences sections. Finally, the task force members have prioritised and listed the top 3 knowledge gaps for each population, intervention, comparator, and outcome question.