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Sun exposure in bovines is believed to be the most important route of 25D3 synthesis in suitable latitudes. In some situations, e.g. breeding systems, solar radiation cannot reach or penetrate into the skin and thus causes the 25D3 deficiency. Because of the critical effect of vitamin D on the immune and endocrine systems, the plasma must be enriched with 25D3 in a short period of time. In such a condition, injection of Cholecalciferol has been recommended. However, to our knowledge, the certain dose of Cholecalciferol injection for rapid 25D3 plasma enrichment has not been verified. On the other hand, it seems that the basis 25D3 concentration can influence or shift the 25D3 metabolism at the injection time. In the same line, the present study, designed to induce the different basis 25D3 concentration in treatment groups, aimed at investigating the effect of Cholecalciferol intramuscularly injection with the intermediate dose (11,000 IU/kg) on the calves' plasma 25D3 with different basis 25D3. Besides, an attempt was made to clarify the time that 25D3 reaches the sufficient concentration after injection in different treatment groups. To do this, twenty calves of 3 to 4 months old were chosen for the farm with semi-industrial elements. Furthermore, the effect of optional sun exposure/deprivation and Cholecalciferol injection on the 25D3 concentration variations was assayed. To do this, the calves were divided into four groups. Groups A and B were unconstrained to choose sun to expose or shadow in a semi-roofed place, but groups C and D were restricted to the completely dark barn. The interference of the digestive system in supplying vitamin D was minimized through dietary. All groups had a different basic concentration (25D3) on the day 21 of the experiment. At this time, groups A and C received the intermediate dose of (11,000 IU/kg) Cholecalciferol intramuscularly (IM). After Cholecalciferol injection, the effects of basis 25D3 concentration on the details of variation and fate of plasma concentration of 25D3 were investigated. The data collected from the two groups C and D showed that sun deprivation without any vitamin D supplementation, could rapidly and severely deplete the plasma from 25D3. Cholecalciferol injection could not immediately increase the 25D3 in the groups C and A. However, this injection enriches the 25D3 to sufficient value after two weeks if the basis 25D3 of plasma is insufficient, i.e. less than 30 ng/mL. Moreover, the injection of Cholecalciferol could not significantly increase the 25D3 concentration in the group A that had a sufficient basis 25D3 concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that the variation of 25D3 in plasma, after injection of Cholecalciferol, depends on its basic level at the time of injection.
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Colecalciferol , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Animais , Bovinos , Colecalciferol/farmacologia , Vitamina D , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To provide effective healing in the wound, various carbohydrate polymers are commonly utilized that are highly potent platforms as wound dressing films. In this work, novel antibacterial flexible polymeric hydrogel films were designed via crosslinking polymeric chitosan (CS) with folic acid-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs). To end this, folic acid as a bio-precursor is used to synthesize CQDs through the hydrothermal technique. The synthesized CQDs as a crosslinking agent was performed at different concentrations to construct nanocomposite hydrogel films via the casting technique. Also, gentamicin (GM), L-Arginine and glycerol were supplemented in the formulation of nanocomposite since their antibiotic, bioactivity and plasticizing ability, respectively. RESULTS: The successful construction of films were verified with different methods (FT-IR, UV-Vis, PL, SEM, and AFM analyses). The GM release profile displayed a controlled release manner over 48 h with a low initial burst release in the simulated wound media (PBS, pH 7.4). Antibacterial and in vitro cytotoxicity results showed a significant activity toward different gram-positive and negative bacterial strains (about 2.5 ± 0.1 cm inhibition zones) and a desired cytocompatibility against Human skin fibroblast (HFF-1) cells (over 80% cell viability), respectively. CONCLUSION: The obtained results recommend CQDs-crosslinked CS (CS/CQD) nanocomposite as a potent antimicrobial wound dressing.
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Exercise is considered to be a "medicine" due to its modulatory roles in metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. The intensity and duration of exercise determine the mechanism of energy production by various tissues of the body, especially by muscles, in which the requirement for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increases by as much as 100-fold. Naturally, athletes try to improve their exercise performance by dietary supplementation with, e.g., vitamins, metabolites, and amino acids. MNAM, as a vitamin B3 metabolite, reduces serum levels and liver contents of triglycerides and cholesterol, and induces lipolysis. It stimulates gluconeogenesis and prohibits liver cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis through the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1). It seems that MNAM is not responsible for the actions of NNMT in the adipose tissues as MNAM inhibits the activity of NNMT in the adipose tissue and acts as an inhibitor of its activity.NNMT-MNAM axis is more activated in the muscles of individuals undergoing the high-volume-low-intensity exercise and caloric restriction. Therefore, MNAM could be an important myokine during exercise and fasting where it provides the required energy for muscles through the induction of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver and adipose tissues, respectively. Increased levels of MNAM in exercise and fasting led us to propose that the consumption of MNAM during training, especially endurance training, could boost exercise capacity and improve performance. Therefore, in this review, we shed light on the potential of MNAM as a dietary supplement in sports medicine.
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Atletas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Colesterol , Humanos , Niacinamida/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
Several strategies are available to control periparturient hypocalcaemia in dairy cows. Three complementary strategies were applied in this study: feeding a low DCAD (acidogenic) ration during late gestation, oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) administration in late gestation, and oral Ca administration immediately after parturition. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 240) were fed an acidogenic ration in late gestation and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Group A (n = 80) were fed the acidogenic diet without supplementary Ca or cholecalciferol. Group Ca + A (n = 80) received 50 g of Ca as an oral bolus at calving and 12 h later. Group D3 + Ca + A (n = 80) were administered 3 mg of cholecalciferol orally each day starting 3 to 5 days before the anticipated calving date and 50 g of Ca as an oral bolus at calving and 12 h later. Blood and urine samples were obtained periodically from a random subset of 20 cows in each group from day 5 antepartum to day 21 postpartum and selected analytes measured. Data was analyzed using mixed models analysis. Serum Ca concentrations in group D3 + Ca + A were higher 12 h before and at parturition, compared to the two other groups. Oral Ca administration transiently increased mean serum Ca concentrations at 6 h after treatment initiation in groups D3 + Ca + A and Ca + A. We conclude that daily oral administration of 3 mg of cholecalciferol for up to 5 days before calving, combined with feeding an acidogenic ration in late gestation and oral Ca immediately after parturition, provided the highest periparturient serum Ca concentrations.
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Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Cálcio/sangue , Bovinos/sangue , Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Dieta/veterinária , Administração Oral , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Feminino , Período Periparto , Período Pós-PartoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sulfur-(SM) and nitrogen (NM)-based mustards are the mutagenic incapacitating compounds which are widely used in vesicating the chemical warfare and cause toxicity in many organs, especially skin. SM, as a potent vesicating agent, contributes to the destruction of skin in dermis and epidermis layers. The progression of the lesion depends on the concentration of SM and the duration of exposure. Body responses start with pruritus, erythema, edema and xerosis, which lead to the accumulation of immune cells in the target sites and recruitment of mast cells and paracrine-mediated activity. Pro-inflammatory effectors are accumulated in the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands resulting in the destruction of the basement membrane beneath the epidermis. There is still no satisfactory countermeasure against SM-induced lesions in clinical therapy, and the symptomatic or supportive treatments are routine management approaches. OBJECTIVE: The current review highlights the recent progression of herbal medicines application in SM-induced injuries through the illustrative examples and also demonstrates their efficacies, properties and mechanism of actions as therapeutic agents. CONCLUSION: Phytochemicals and herbal extracts with anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have been recently shown to hold therapeutic promise against the SM-induced cutaneous complications. The present review discusses the possible application of herbal medicines in the healing of SM-induced injuries.
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Gás de Mostarda/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Enxofre/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Depuradores de Gases , Medicina Herbária , Humanos , Gás de Mostarda/farmacologia , Nitrogênio/química , Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pele , Enxofre/farmacologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Here, we investigated the biological effects of arachidonic acid (AA) in human cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) after exposure to ASA. Cells were isolated from the follicular fluid and incubated with 0.5 mM acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and 50 µM AA. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. E2 and P4 levels were measured by chemiluminescence assay. Expression of genes including CYP19A1, FACN, and SCD1 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Oxidative status was analyzed by monitoring glutathione peroxidase activity. The fatty acid profile was analyzed by the gas chromatography technique. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) in CGCs after exposure to ASA and AA. Protein levels of the estrogen receptor were studied by immunofluorescence staining. Ultrastructural changes were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy imaging. ASA treatment reduced E2 production, Cyp19a1 expression, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and estradiol receptor expression in CGCs. The addition of AA prevented the ASA-induced E2 reduction (p < .05) and expression of Cyp19a1. Moreover, AA increased the antioxidant capacity of CGCs exposed to ASA by promoting GPx activity (p < .05). AA increased monounsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio compared with the ASA group (p < .05). AA supplementation triggered the synthesis and secretion of PGE2 in ASA-treated CGCS (p < .05). Cytoplasmic vacuolation observed in the ASA group and treatment with AA intensified vacuolation rate. The expression of the estrogen receptor was increased after AA supplementation. Data demonstrated that AA decreased the detrimental effects of ASA on human CGCs after 72 hr.
Assuntos
Ácido Araquidônico/farmacologia , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Células do Cúmulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspirina/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Células do Cúmulo/citologia , Células do Cúmulo/fisiologia , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Interações Medicamentosas , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Estrogênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is regarded as a process where very aggressive cancer cells generate vascular-like patterns without the presence of endothelial cells. It is considered as the main mark of malignant cancer and has pivotal role in cancer metastasis and progression in various types of cancers. On the other hand, resistance to the antiangiogenesis therapies leads to the cancer recurrence. Therefore, development of novel chemotherapies and their combinations is urgently needed for abolition of VM structures and also for better tumor therapy. Hence, identifying compounds that target VM structures might be superior therapeutic factors for cancers treatment and controlling the recurrence and metastasis. In recent times, naturally occurring compounds, especially phytochemicals have obtained great attention due to their safe properties. Phytochemicals are also capable of targeting VM structure and also their main signaling pathways. Consequently, in this review article, we illustrated key signaling pathways in VM, and the phytochemicals that affect these structures including curcumin, genistein, lycorine, luteolin, columbamine, triptolide, Paris polyphylla, dehydroeffusol, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, grape seed proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, isoxanthohumol, dehydrocurvularine, galiellalactone, oxacyclododecindione, brucine, honokiol, ginsenoside Rg3, and norcantharidin. The recognition of these phytochemicals and their safety profile may lead to new therapeutic agents' development for VM elimination in different types of tumors.
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Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Mimetismo Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/antagonistas & inibidores , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/genética , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/irrigação sanguínea , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Neoplasias/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/genética , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Proantocianidinas/uso terapêutico , Transdução de Sinais , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic incapacitating disease of the central nervous system, it has been reported that the disturbance in the development and function of Treg subpopulations is associated with the disability status in the RRMS. Accordingly, in the current study, the objective was to specify nanocurcumin effects on Treg cells frequency, and function in patients with RRMS. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 50 patients with RRMS were enrolled in this study in which 25 were treated for at least six months with nanocurcumin capsules while the other half received placebo capsules as the control group. The blood sample was collected prior to the administration of nanocurcumin and placebo capsules and following six months. At baseline and after a six-month treatment, the frequency of Treg lymphocytes, the expression of transcription factor related to these cells and the secretion levels of cytokines were assessed by flowcytometry, real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: A significant reduction was observed in the proportion of peripheral Treg cell frequency, and the levels of TGF-ß, IL-10 and FoxP3 expression in patients with RRMS. Our data revealed that the frequency of Treg cells (pâ¯=â¯.0027), the expression of FoxP3 (pâ¯=â¯.0005), TGF-ß (pâ¯=â¯.0005), and IL-10 (pâ¯=â¯.0002) and the secretion levels of the TGF-ß (pâ¯=â¯.033), and IL-10 (pâ¯=â¯.029) in cultured PBMCs are increased in nanocurcumin-treated group compared to placebo group. CONCLUSION: The results of the current work indicated that nanocurcumin is capable of restoring the frequency and function of Treg cells in MS patients.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/imunologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/patologia , Nanopartículas , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologiaRESUMO
Infertility is a growing problem worldwide. Currently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is widely performed to treat infertility. However, a high percentage of IVF cycles fails, due to the poor developmental potential of the retrieved oocyte to generate viable embryos. Fatty acid content of the follicular microenvironment can affect oocyte maturation and the subsequent developmental competence. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are mainly used by follicle components as primary energy sources whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a wide range of roles. A large body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in prevention, treatment, and amelioration of some pathophysiological conditions including heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, and psychological disorders. Nevertheless, current findings regarding the effects of n-3 PUFAs on reproductive outcomes in general and on oocyte quality more specifically are inconsistent. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of potential molecular mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs affect oocyte maturation and developmental competence, particularly in the setting of IVF and thereby aims to elucidate the reasons behind current discrepancies around this topic.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/uso terapêutico , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Infertilidade Feminina/terapia , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Microambiente Celular , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/fisiopatologia , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Pharmacological researches in the area of herbal medicine have considerably increased over the last two centuries. Echium amoenum (known as Gol-e-Gavzaban in Persian) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in Iranian folk medicine. In this review, databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up. Data collecting was completed by January 2019 and available scientific reports regarding the processing methods, main chemical constituents, and effects of E. amoenum on different neuropsychiatric disorders are summarized. Thirteen five studies met the inclusion criteria. According to results, the important phytochemicals of the plant was phenolic compounds, fatty acids, rosmarinic acid, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids. Also, experimental and clinical studies demonstrated the effectiveness of E. amoenum in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, ischemic stroke, seizure, Alzheimer's disease, and pain. Many of these effects are, at least in part, due to its rosmarinic acid or polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and natural pigments such as anthocyanins. Also, fatty acids such as gamma-linolenic acid play critical role in neuroactive properties of this herb. Among these effects, only the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the plant extract have been examined both experimentally and clinically. There was some controversy over its toxicity effects. It seems that E. amoenum protects neurons via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as blocking of apoptosis in the nervous system. However, more studies are necessary for assessing exact mechanisms of action in neuropsychiatric disorders, finding of bioactive ingredients, and processing methods of this plant.
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This work proposes a technology for phosphonate removal from wastewater using magnetically separable microparticles modified with a tailored ZnFeZr-oxyhydroxide adsorbent material which proved to be highly efficient, reaching a maximum loading of â¼20â¯mg nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid-P/g (215⯵mol NTMP/g) at room temperature, pH 6 and 30â¯min contact time. The adsorption process at pHâ¯<â¯7 was fast, following the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Furthermore, NTMP adsorption onto ZnFeZr-oxyhydroxide proved to be endothermic. At pHâ¯>â¯pHpzcâ¯≈7 (point of zero charge of the material) a drop in adsorption efficiency was observed for phosphate and for five different investigated phosphonates. Adsorption of NTMP could not be detected at pHâ¯>â¯8, however, the presence of more than 0.5â¯mM CaII improved significantly the adsorption efficiency. Successful reusability of the engineered particles was demonstrated throughout 30 loading cycles by changing the operational conditions (dose, pH) to optimize the performance. At optimal conditions, complete phosphonate removal was observed even after 30 cycles of particles' reuse in a synthetic NTMP-solution and DTPMP-rich membrane concentrate. In each cycle, phosphorus was desorbed and concentrated in a 2â¯M NaOH. Industrial phosphonate-containing wastewaters rich in calcium, e.g. membrane concentrates, proved to be especially suitable for treatment with the particles.
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Organofosfonatos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Magnetismo , Fósforo , Águas ResiduáriasRESUMO
Herbs having various natural substances can be utilized for the biosynthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and act as a stable, reliable and biocompatible alternative instead of the current physical and chemical approaches. It has been reported that Matricaria chamomilla possesses unique properties, especially anti-cancerous effects. The objective of the current work was to assess the chemical characteristics and anticancer effects of biosynthesized AgNPs applying aqueous extracts of M. chamomilla against A549 lung cancer cells. UV-visible spectrum showed the maximum absorption of the biosynthesized AgNPs at 430â¯nm. The crystalline structure of biosynthesized AgNPs in optimal conditions was confirmed by XRD. Moreover, the presence of Ag as the ingredient element was exhibited via EDX analysis. FT-IR results also verified the AgNPs synthesis using a plant extract. The spherical shapes of the AgNPs with an average diameter size around 45.12â¯nm and a zeta potential value of -34â¯mV were characterized using DLS, and confirmed through FE-SEM and TEM. In vitro cytotoxicity assay using MTT revealed that the biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited a dose- and time- dependent cytotoxic effect against A549 lung cancer cells. Moreover, the apoptotic effects of the AgNPs were demonstrated using DAPI staining, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. According to these findings, using M. chamomilla in combination with AgNPs via green-synthesis approach may be an efficient strategy for effective treatment of lung cancer.
Assuntos
Biomimética/métodos , Matricaria/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Prata/química , Células A549 , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Considering possible effects of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on embryo implantation more likely through PGs, we investigated effects of dietary omega-3 and -6 PUFA on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling in mice uterus during pre-implantation period. The mRNA expressions of microsomal- and cytosolic- PGE synthase (mPGES and cPGES) and protein expressions of PGE receptor 2 and 4 (EP2 and EP4) were evaluated in uterus tissues of control as well as omega 3 and omega 6 received mice at days 1-5 of pregnancy. Expression of cPGES gene was not significantly different between groups but the mPGES expression on days 4 and 5 of pregnancy in supplemented groups was higher than controls. Omega-3 significantly decreased EP2 levels on days 3 and 4, while omega-6 caused an increase on days 3-5 of pregnancy. The levels of EP4 were significantly higher in the omega-6 group than other groups on days 4 and 5 of pregnancy. Also the implantation rate was higher in omega -6 compared to omega-3 group (pâ¯=â¯0.006). Moreover, there were significant correlations between implantation rate with expression levels of mPGES and EP2. Our results showed negative and positive effects of respectively dietary omega-3 and -6 PUFA on PGE2 signaling and implantation rate.
Assuntos
Implantação do Embrião/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/farmacologia , Prostaglandina-E Sintases/biossíntese , Receptores de Prostaglandina E Subtipo EP2/biossíntese , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/metabolismo , Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: MS is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes to brain inflammation and Th17 cells are considered to be important in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. In the current study, we aimed to identify nanocurcumin effects on Th17 cells frequency, cytokines secretion, and expression of transcription factor of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS: In this study we investigated frequency of Th17 lymphocytes; the expression of transcription factor, associated cytokines and the concentration of them in 35 healthy controls, and from 25 patients at baseline and after 6â¯months of nanocurcumin treatment and also from 25 patients whose received placebo by flowcytometry, real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed that the proportions of Th17 were increased dramatically, along with increases in the levels of IL-17A, IL-23, and RORγt expression in MS patients in compared with healthy control group. Post-treatment evaluation of the nanocurcumin group revealed a significant decrease in Th17 associated parameters such as Th17 frequency (pâ¯=â¯0.029), expression levels of RORγt (pâ¯<â¯0.0001) and IL-17 (pâ¯=â¯0.0044) and also secretion level of IL-17 (pâ¯=â¯0.0011), but IL-23 mRNA expression levels and IL-23 concentration were not influenced by nanocurcumin. However, in the placebo group there is no significant changes in these factors. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the increase in proportion of Th17 cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of RRMS. The results of the current work indicated that nanocurcumin is able to restore the dysregulated of Th17 cells in MS patients.
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Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Nanoestruturas/uso terapêutico , Células Th17/imunologia , Administração Oral , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Curcumina/química , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-23/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nanoestruturas/química , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inadequate absorption of colostral IgG1 is termed failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). Dairy calves with FTPI have increased mortality and morbidity in their first 6 months of life. OBJECTIVES: This study compared the clinical performance of 5 methods for diagnosing FTPI in Holstein calves. METHODS: An observational study was performed using 160 Holstein heifer calves. Serum was harvested at 48 hours of age, and FTPI was assessed using a digital Brix refractometer for total solids measurements, and digital refractometry and the biuret method to measure serum total protein (STP) concentrations. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was measured with an automated analyzer, and serum IgG was measured with the zinc sulfate turbidity test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diagnostic test performance was compared with that of the reference method (FTPI defined as a serum total IgG concentration <10 g/L). Test performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive likelihood ratio at the optimal test cut point, and by calculating the kappa coefficient. RESULTS: A serum digital Brix percentage of <7.8% and an STP concentration of <52 g/L measured using digital refractometry were the best methods to identify calves with FTPI. The STP concentration measured with digital refractometry was 0.1 g/L lower than that measured with the biuret method. CONCLUSIONS: The digital Brix refractometer and the digital refractometer provide accurate and clinically useful methods for identifying dairy calves with FTPI. In this study, the excellent performance of the Brix refractometer was likely due to the use of a fixed sample volume (200 µL) and a uniform sample temperature at the time of measurement.
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Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/veterinária , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Refratometria/veterinária , Imunidade Adaptativa , Animais , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Testes de Química Clínica/métodos , Testes de Química Clínica/veterinária , Colostro/imunologia , Feminino , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/diagnóstico , Refratometria/métodosRESUMO
The present study describes the effects of Watercress extract (WE) based electrospun nanofibrous mats on the regulation of adhesion, proliferation, cytoprotection and stemness preservation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) is one of the most important medicinal plant with a board spectrum of biological functions. For this purpose, WE-loaded PCL-PEG nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and characterized using FE-SEM and FTIR. Adhesion, proliferation and cytoprotection of ADSCs on the nanofibers was investigated using FE-SEM and MTT assays. Analysis of cell cycle was carried out by flow-cytometry. Finally, qPCR was applied to measure the expression levels of cell cycle-regulated genes and stemness markers of ADSCs grown on the nanofibers. In this study, we found that WE-loaded PCL-PEG nanofibers had great antioxidant potential and exhibited higher cytoprotection, better adhesion, and significantly increased proliferation of ADSCs. The greater proliferation and preserving stemness ability of ADSCs on WE based nanofibers was further confirmed by higher expression levels of cell cycle-regulated genes and stemness markers. These results demonstrate that WE-loaded PCL-PEG electrospun nanofibrous mats appear suitable to support ADSCs adhesion and proliferation while concurrently preserving the cell stemness, therefore representing a hopeful approach for applying in stem cell based regenerative medicine.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Nanofibras/química , Nasturtium/química , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Células-Tronco/citologiaRESUMO
Since fatty acid composition of uterus phospholipids is likely to influence embryo implantation, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary omega-3 and -6 fatty acids on implantation rate as well as uterine phospholipid fatty acids composition during mice pre-implantation period. Sixty female mice were randomly distributed into:1) control (standard pellet), 2) omega-3 (standard pellet + 10% w/w of omega-3 fatty acids) and 3) omega-6 (standard pellet + 10% w/w of omega-6 fatty acids). Uterine phospholipid fatty acid composition during the pre-implantation window (days 1-5 of pregnancy) was analyzed using gas-chromatography. The implantation rate on the fifth day of pregnancy was also determined. Our results showed that on days 1, 2 and 3 of pregnancy, the levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) as well as total omega-6 fatty acids were significantly higher and the levels of linolenic acid and total omega-3 fatty acids were statistically lower in the omega-6 group compared to the omega-3 group (p < 0.05). On the fourth day of pregnancy, only the ARA, total omega-6 fatty acids, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids levels were significantly different between the two dietary supplemented groups (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations between the levels of omega-6 fatty acids, especially ARA, with the implantation rate. The present study showed that diets rich in omega-3 and -6 fatty acids could differently modify uterine phospholipid fatty acid composition and uterine levels of phospholipid ARA, and that the total omega-6 fatty acids had a positive association with the implantation rate.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/administração & dosagem , Fosfolipídeos/química , Útero/química , Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/química , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6/química , Feminino , Camundongos , GravidezRESUMO
Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and is expressed in cumulus cells. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SCD1 inhibition in human cumulus cells on triglyceride content, steroidogenesis, and oocyte in vitro maturation. Human cumulus cells were exposed to SCD1 inhibitor CAY10566 (SCDinhib) alone or in combination with oleic acid in primary culture. The SCDinhib markedly suppressed triglyceride accumulation (-47%, P = .01), aromatase gene expression (-36%, P = .02), and estradiol production (-49%, P = .01) even at a dose not affecting cell viability and apoptosis. Human immature oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage were cocultured with pretreated cumulus cells. The rate of oocytes reaching the metaphase II stage was significantly lower in coculture with SCDinhib-treated cumulus cells than with control cumulus cells (-18%, P < .01), which recovered by oleic acid supplementation. This finding on in vitro maturation rate was also reproducible with mouse GV oocytes. The results suggest that SCD1 activity is required for cumulus cell lipid storage and steroidogenesis. In addition, oocyte maturation is negatively affected by SCD1 inhibition in cumulus cells, possibly due to a deficient lipid-mediated paracrine support.
Assuntos
Células do Cúmulo/enzimologia , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/metabolismo , Esteroides/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Apoptose , Aromatase/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular , Técnicas de Cocultura , Células do Cúmulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ácido Oleico/administração & dosagem , Cultura Primária de Células , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Estearoil-CoA Dessaturase/antagonistas & inibidores , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
There is an urgent need to identify targeting molecules to control invasion and metastasis in cancer patients. We first isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and then investigated the role of melatonin in invasiveness and migration of CSCs compared to SKOV3 cells. The proportion of CSCs in SKOV3 cells was as low as 1.28% with overexpression of both CD133 and CD44. The ability of spheroid formation along with SOX2 overexpression revealed a high self-renewal potential in isolated cells. Melatonin (3.4 mM) inhibited proliferation of CSCs by 23% which was confirmed by a marked decrease in protein expression of Ki67, as a proliferation marker. Applying luzindole, a melatonin receptor 1, 2 inhibitor, partially abolished anti-proliferative effect of melatonin. Melatonin also decreased Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene expressions including ZEB1, ZEB2, snail and vimentin with increase in E-cadherin as a negative EMT regulator. Incubation of CSCs with melatonin showed a marked decrease in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression and activity. Melatonin also inhibited CSCs migration in a partially receptor dependent and PI3k and MAPK independent manner. Melatonin can be considered as an important adjuvant to control invasion and metastasis especially in patients with high melatonin receptor expression.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Caderinas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/citologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMO
To reach ideal therapeutic potential of stem cells for regenerative medicine purposes, it is essential to retain their self-renewal and differentiation capacities. Currently, biological factors are extensively used for stemness maintaining and differentiation induction of stem cells. However, low stability, high cost, complicated production process, and risks associated with viral/endotoxin infection hamper the widespread use of biological factors in the stem cell biology. Moreover, regarding the modulation of several signaling cascades, which lead to a distinct fate, phytochemicals are preferable in the stem cells biology because of their efficiency. Considering the issues related to the application of biological factors and potential advantages of phytochemicals in stem cell engineering, there is a considerable increasing trend in studies associated with the application of novel alternative molecules in the stem cell biology. In support of this statement, we aimed to highlight the various effects of phytochemicals on signaling cascades involved in commitment of stem cells. Hence, in this review, the current trends in the phytochemicals-based modulation of stem cell fate have been addressed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.