Práticas educativas em saúde junto aos familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde: revisão integrativa / Educational practices in health with families of children with special health nedds: integrative review / Prácticas educativas em salud con familias de niños con necesidades especiales de salud: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: identificar a produção científica sobre práticas educativas em saúde junto aos familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida em cinco recursos informacionais nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2021. Resultados: incluíram-se nove artigos na síntese qualitativa, dentre os quais a maioria foi nacional, com delineamento metodológico descritivo e com nível VI de evidência. As práticas educativas em saúde encontradas foram: atividades grupais como rodas de conversa e grupos de diálogo, tecnologias educacionais em formato de cartilha, além de práticas integrativas como massagem e atividades musicais. Conclusão: a literatura científica sobre a adoção de práticas educativas em saúde que auxiliem o cuidado domiciliar às crianças com necessidades especiais e suas famílias ainda é limitada, indicando-se a necessidade de produções que potencializem esta modalidade de assistência. Assim, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas e desenvolvimento de tecnologias educacionais voltadas para essa temática

Objective: to identify the scientific production on educational practices in health with the families of children with special health needs. Methods: integrative literature review developed in five informational resources in January and February 2021. Results:nine articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, among which the majority were national, with descriptive methodological design and level VI of evidence. The health educational practices found were: group activities such as conversation circles and dialogue groups, educational technologies in booklet format, in addition to integrative practices such as massage and musical activities. Conclusion: the scientific literature on the adoption of educational practices in health that help home care for children with special needs and their families is still limited, indicating the need for productions that enhance this type of care. Thus, the development of new research and development of educational technologies aimed at this theme is suggested

Objetivo: identificar la producción científica sobre prácticas educativas en salud con las familias de niños con necesidades especiales de salud. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura desarrollada en cinco recursos informativos en enero y febrero de 2021. Resultados: se incluyeron nueve artículos en la síntesis cualitativa, entre los cuales la mayoría fueron nacionales, con diseño metodológico descriptivo y nivel de evidencia VI. Las prácticas educativas en salud encontradas fueron: actividades grupales como círculos de conversación y grupos de diálogo, tecnologías educativas en formato folleto, además de prácticas integradoras como masajes y actividades musicales. Conclusión: la literatura científica sobre la adopción de prácticas educativas en salud que ayuden a la atención domiciliaria de los niños con necesidades especiales y sus familias es aún limitada, lo que indica la necesidad de producciones que potencien este tipo de atención. Así, se sugiere el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones y desarrollo de tecnologías educativas orientadas a esta temática

Effectiveness of hospital clowns for symptom management in paediatrics: systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence from randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of hospital clowns for a range of symptom clusters in children and adolescents admitted to hospital with acute and chronic conditions. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Medline, ISI of Knowledge, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct, Scopus, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were peer reviewed using the following eligibility criteria: children and adolescents who were admitted to hospital for acute conditions or chronic disorders, studies comparing use of hospital clowns with standard care, and studies evaluating the effect of hospital clowns on symptom management of inpatient children and adolescents as a primary outcome. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two investigators independently screened studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias. Methodological appraisal was assessed by two investigators independently using the Jadad scale, the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2), and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomised controlled trials. RESULTS: 24 studies (n=1612) met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and analysis. Most studies were randomised controlled trials (n=13). Anxiety was the most frequently analysed symptom (n=13), followed by pain (n=9), psychological and emotional responses and perceived wellbeing (n=4), stress (n=4), cancer related fatigue (n=3), and crying (n=2). Five studies used biomarkers, mainly cortisol, to assess stress or fatigue outcome following hospital clowns. Most of the randomised controlled trials (n=11; 85%) were rated as showing some concerns, and two trials were rated with a high risk of bias. Most non-randomised controlled trials (n=6; 55%) were rated with a moderate risk of bias according to ROBINS-I tool. Studies showed that children and adolescents who were in the presence of hospital clowns, either with or without a parent present, reported significantly less anxiety during a range of medical procedures, as well as improved psychological adjustment (P<0.05). Three studies that evaluated chronic conditions showed favourable results for the intervention of hospital clowns with significant reduction in stress, fatigue, pain, and distress (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the presence of hospital clowns during medical procedures, induction of anaesthesia in the preoperative room, and as part of routine care for chronic conditions might be a beneficial strategy to manage some symptom clusters. Furthermore, hospital clowns might help improve psychological wellbeing in admitted children and adolescents with acute and chronic disorders, compared with those who received only standard care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42018107099.

A terapia do riso como ferramenta de cuidado com a criança hospitalizada: revisão integrativa da literatura / La risoterapia como herramienta de atención para niños hospitalizados: una revisión bibliográfica integradora / Laughter therapy as a care tool for hospitalized children: an integrative literature review

Objetivo: Investigar, na literatura nacional e internacional, o uso da terapia do riso junto às crianças hospitalizadas. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram MEDLINE®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO®, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem ­ Bibliografia Brasileira e Índice Bibliográfico Español em Ciencias de la Salud. Os termos utilizados identificados nos Descritores em Ciência da Saúde e nos Medical Subject Headings foram "terapia do riso", "criança", "pré-escolar" e "criança hospitalizada", além das palavras-chave "risoterapia", "riso-terapia" e "riso terapia" em diferentes combinações. O recorte temporal foi de 10 anos, a partir de 2008. Resultados: A amostra final para a análise foi constituída de 17 artigos, que foram organizados em três categorias: Risoterapia como estratégia para a diminuição da dor, do desconforto e do sofrimento; A diminuição do medo, do estresse e da ansiedade com a risoterapia e O Impacto psicossocial da risoterapia na criança hospitalizada. Conclusão: Foi possível perceber benefícios da terapia que incluem diminuição da dor, do estresse e da ansiedade e mudanças emocionais e sociais. Salienta-se a importância da temática, por meio da qual é possível oferecer ao paciente pediátrico um cuidado integral e humanizado.(AU)

Objective: To investigate, in the Brazilian and international literature, the use of laughter therapy with hospitalized children. Methods: An integrative literature review. The databases searched were MEDLINE®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO®, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem ­ Bibliografia Brasileira and Índice Bibliográfico Español em Ciencias de la Salud. The index terms used on Descritores em Ciência da Saúde and Medical Subject Headings were "laughter therapy", "child", "preschool" and "hospitalized child", and the keywords "risotherapy" in different combinations. The timeframe was 10 years, starting from 2008. Results: The final sample for analysis consisted of 17 papers, organized into three categories: laughter therapy as a strategy to reduce pain, discomfort and suffering; Decreased fear, stress, and anxiety with laughter therapy; and the psychosocial impact of laughter therapy on hospitalized children. Conclusion: Some observed benefits from laughter therapy include decreased levels of pain, stress, and anxiety, as well as emotional and social changes. We emphasize the importance of this theme since it provides pediatric patients with a comprehensive and humanized care(AU)

Objetivo: Investigar en la literatura nacional e internacional el uso de la risoterapia con niños hospitalizados. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de literatura. Las bases de datos establecidas fueron: MEDLINE®, Cumulative Indexto Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO®, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem ­ Bibliografia Brasileira e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud. Los descriptores utilizados identificados en los Descritores em Ciência da Saúde y Medical Subject Headings fueron: "terapia de la risa", "niño", "preescolar" y "hospitalizado", y la palabra clave "risoterapia" en sus diferentes combinaciones. El plazo fue de 10 años, a partir de 2008. Resultados: La muestra final para el análisis consistió en 17 artículos, agrupados en tres categorías: La risoterapia como estrategia para reducir el dolor, las molestias y el sufrimiento; Disminución del miedo, el estrés y la ansiedad con la risoterapia y El impacto psicosocial de la risoterapia en los niños hospitalizados. Conclusión: Fue posible obtener beneficios de la terapia que incluyen disminución del dolor, estrés, ansiedad y cambios emocionales y sociales. Se enfatiza la importancia del tema porque a través de él es posible ofrecer a los pacientes pediátricos una atención integral y humanizada..(AU)

Intervenções não farmacológicas na melhoria da qualidade de vida de crianças/adolescentes oncológicos / Intervenciones no farmacológicas en la mejora de la calidad de vida de niños/adolescentes oncológicos / Nonpharmacological interventions in the improvement of quality of life in children and adolescent cancer patients

Resumo Objetivo Identificar estudos na literatura nacional e internacional sobre a eficácia das intervenções não farmacológicas para melhoria da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Métodos Revisão integrativa, cuja busca ocorreu nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018, nas bases de dados PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF e MEDLINE® para responder à questão norteadora: "Quais são as intervenções não farmacológicas disponíveis na literatura e utilizadas para melhorar a qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com câncer?". Foram incluídos artigos originais, publicados entre 2013 e 2018, nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol. Excluíram-se estudos que focavam outras temáticas, população adulta, artigos de revisão, dissertações e teses. Resultados A amostra foi constituída por 22 artigos, que foram agrupados, conforme suas similaridades, em três categorias. As intervenções utilizadas foram: atividade física exclusiva (6); atividade física conciliada à outra intervenção (8); e intervenções psicológicas (8). Destas intervenções, 13 apresentaram diferenças significativas na melhoria da qualidade de vida. Conclusão As intervenções não farmacológicas utilizando exercício físico exclusivo ou conciliado a outra intervenção foram as mais eficazes. Esta revisão auxilia na sensibilização dos profissionais sobre a importância da temática e fornece subsídios para o planejamento de ações estratégicas, no âmbito da enfermagem pediátrica, que incluam intervenções não farmacológicas, conciliadas ao tratamento padrão, para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Os resultados devem ser avaliados com cautela, pois identificou-se uma diversidade de intervenções, protocolos e número de participantes - o que dificulta a generalização dos achados.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar estudios en la literatura nacional e internacional sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas en la mejora de la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Métodos Revisión integradora, cuya búsqueda ocurrió en los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2018, en las bases de datos PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF y MEDLINE® para responder la pregunta orientadora: "¿Cuáles son las intervenciones no farmacológicas disponibles en la literatura y utilizadas para mejorar la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes con cáncer?". Se incluyeron artículos originales publicados entre 2013 y 2018 en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. Se excluyeron estudios que se centraban en otras temáticas, como población adulta, artículos de revisión, tesis de maestría y doctorado. Resultados La muestra fue formada por 22 artículos, que fueron agrupados en tres categorías según sus similitudes. Las intervenciones utilizadas fueron: actividad física exclusiva (6), actividad física conciliada con otra intervención (8) e intervenciones psicológicas (8). De estas intervenciones, 13 presentaron diferencias significativas en la mejora de la calidad de vida. Conclusión Las intervenciones no farmacológicas utilizando ejercicio físico exclusivo o conciliado con otra intervención fueron las más eficaces. Esta revisión ayuda a sensibilizar a los profesionales sobre la importancia de esta temática y contribuye a la planificación de acciones estratégicas en el ámbito de la enfermería pediátrica, que incluyan intervenciones no farmacológicas, conciliadas con el tratamiento estándar, para la mejora de la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Los resultados deben analizarse con cautela, ya que se identificó una diversidad de intervenciones, protocolos y número de participantes, lo que dificulta la generalización de los descubrimientos.

Abstract Objective To identify, in both the Brazilian and international literature, studies about the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions oriented toward improving quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer. Methods Integrative review whose search process was carried out in September and October 2018 in the following databases: PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin America and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Índice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, and MEDLINE®. The guiding question was "What are the nonpharmacological interventions available in the literature used to improve quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer?". Original articles published between 2013 and 2018 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish were included. Studies that focused on other subjects or adult population and review articles, dissertations, and theses were excluded. Results The sample was 22 articles, which were grouped, according to their similarities, into three categories. The described interventions consisted of: exclusive physical activity (6); physical activity combined with another intervention (8); and psychological interventions (8). Among these interventions, 13 showed significant differences in the improvement of quality of life. Conclusion The nonpharmacological interventions that applied physical exercise or were combined with another intervention were the most effective. The present review helps raising awareness of professionals of the importance of the subject and provides resources to plan strategical actions, in the context of pediatric nursing, that include nonpharmacological interventions, together with the standard treatment, to improve quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer. The results must be evaluated with caution, given that a variety of interventions, protocols, and number of participants was identified in the sample, which hinders the generalization of the findings.

Prática confortadora ao idoso hospitalizado à luz da bioética / Comforting practice for the hospitalized elderly in light of bioethics / Práctica confortadora para el anciano hospitalizado a la luz de la bioética

Resumo A bioética traz discussões de grande relevância sobre valores e princípios morais presentes no cotidiano da prática de enfermagem em gerontologia hospitalar. A internação acentua a fragilidade do idoso, deixando-o suscetível ao sofrimento, à vulnerabilidade e ao desconforto, o que pode prejudicar sua recuperação, implicando adequação dos cuidados prestados. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a promoção do bem-e=star do idoso hospitalizado a partir da teoria do conforto e dos princípios da bioética. É imprescindível que os profissionais de saúde ofereçam cuidado holístico e humanizado que contemple as necessidades físicas, psicoespirituais, socioculturais e ambientais dos pacientes, tendo em vista o conforto do idoso hospitalizado e os pressupostos da bioética.

Abstract Bioethics raises discussions of great relevance regarding the values and moral principles that are present in the daily practice of nursing in hospital gerontology. Hospitalization emphasizes the fragility of the elderly, leaving them susceptible to suffering, vulnerability and discomfort. This fact can hinder their recovery, entailing the adjustment of the care provided. The objective of this article is to reflect on the promotion of well-being for the hospitalized elderly, based on the Theory of Comfort and the principles of bioethics. Thus, it is essential for health professionals to offer holistic and humanized care that addresses patients' physical, psycho-spiritual, sociocultural and environmental needs, taking into account the comfort of the hospitalized elderly and the principles of bioethics.

Resumen La bioética trae discusiones de gran relevancia relacionadas con los valores y principios morales que están presentes en el cotidiano de la práctica de enfermería en gerontología hospitalaria. La internación acentúa la fragilidad del anciano, dejándolo susceptible al sufrimiento, a la vulnerabilidad y a la incomodidad, lo que perjudica su recuperación, implicando una adecuación de los cuidados brindados. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de la promoción del bienestar para el anciano hospitalizado, a partir de la teoría del confort y de los principios de la bioética. Es imprescindible que los profesionales de salud ofrezcan un cuidado holístico y humanizado que contemple las necesidades físicas, psicoespirituales, socioculturales y ambientales de los pacientes, teniendo como meta el confort del anciano hospitalizado y los presupuestos de la bioética.

Systematic review protocol examining the effectiveness of hospital clowns for symptom cluster management in paediatrics.

INTRODUCTION: Clown intervention may playing an important complementary role in paediatric care and recovery. However, data on its utility for symptom cluster management of hospitalised children and adolescents in acute and chronic disorders are yet to be critically evaluated. As clinicians strive to minimise the psychological burden during hospitalisation, it is important that they are aware of the scientific evidences available regarding clown intervention for symptom management. We aim to provide quality evidence for the effectiveness of clown intervention on symptom cluster management in paediatric inpatients, both in acute and chronic conditions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs) will be conducted. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and SciELO databases will be searched from January 2000 to December 2018. Primary outcomes will include measures related with the effect of clown intervention on symptom cluster of paediatric inpatients (anxiety, depression, pain, fatigue, stress and psychological, emotional responses and perceived well-being). Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the methodological appraisal of the studies will be assessed by the Jadad Scale as well as Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for RCTs, and Risk-of-Bias In Non-Randomized Studies Tool for NRCTs. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for all included studies. Also, if sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The effect sizes will be generated using Hedges' g score for both fixed and random effect models. I 2 statistics will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify their potential sources. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As it will be a systematic review, without human beings involvement, there will be no requirement for ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and in various media, for example, conferences, congresses or symposia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018107099.

Instrumentos para avaliação do padrão de sono em crianças com doenças crônicas: revisão integrativa / Instruments for assessing sleep patterns in children with chronic diseases: an integrative review / Instrumentos para evaluar el patrón de sueño en niños con enfermedades crónicas: revisión integrativa

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional relacionada aos instrumentos utilizados para avaliar padrão de sono em crianças com doenças crônicas. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, LILACS, SciELO) que compreendeu o período de 2006-2016. Resultados: foram selecionados 16 artigos para compor a revisão e encontrados vários instrumentos confiáveis para avaliar o sono, porém nenhum adaptado para o Português do Brasil, com exceção da polissonografia e do actigraphy. Crianças com doenças crônicas apresentam distúrbios do sono que se correlacionavam com dor, fadiga, problemas de comportamento, falta de atividade física e obesidade. Conclusão: no Brasil, o uso de instrumentos específicos para avaliar o sono em crianças ainda é pouco explorado. A utilização desses instrumentos na prática clínica poderia auxiliar enfermeiros a traçarem estratégias para diminuir os distúrbios do sono na população infanto-juvenil.

Objective: to examine Brazilian and international scientific production on the use of sleep pattern assessment instruments in children with chronic diseases. Method: this integrative review was conducted on the PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, LILACS, and SciELO databases for 2006 to 2016. Results: 16 articles were selected for review, and several reliable sleep assessment instruments were found. However, none was adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, except for polysomnography and actigraphy. Children with chronic diseases have sleep disorders that correlate with pain, fatigue, behavior problems, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Conclusion: in Brazil, specific sleep assessment instruments are little used with children. Use of these instruments in clinical practice could help nurses to outline strategies to reduce sleep disorders among children and adolescents.

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica nacional e internacional en cuanto a los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar el patrón de sueño en niños con enfermedades crónicas. Método: se trata de una revisión integrativa realizada en bases de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, LILACS, SciELO) en el período de 2006-2016. Resultados: se seleccionaron 16 artículos para componer la revisión y se encontraron varios instrumentos confiables para evaluar el sueño, pero ninguno adaptado a Portugués de Brasil, con excepción de la polisomnografía y del actigrafía. Los niños con enfermedades crónicas presentan trastornos del sueño que se asocian con dolor, cansancio, problemas de comportamiento, falta de actividad física y obesidad.  Conclusión: en Brasil, el uso de instrumentos específicos para evaluar el sueño en niños todavía es poco explorado. La utilización de estos instrumentos en la práctica clínica podría ayudar a los enfermeros a trazar estrategias para disminuir los disturbios del sueño en la población infanto-juvenil.

Interventions minimizing fatigue in children/adolescents with cancer: An integrative review.

Fatigue is among the most common, debilitating, and distressing symptoms associated with chronic condition in pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to identify non-pharmacological fatigue interventions in children and adolescents with cancer. For this, we carried out an integrative review of the literature from January 2000 to December 2016. A comprehensive search of four databases was conducted: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychology Information, Medline via PubMed, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental, case-control and cohort studies were included in this review. Thirteen relevant studies were included for analysis. Seven papers reported positive outcomes for exercise, exercise plus leisure activities, healing touch and acupressure. In another six papers using exercise, exercise plus psychological intervention and massage, no effectiveness was found. Effective management of fatigue in children and adolescents is important but research in this area is limited, so the results of this review should be interpreted cautiously. Future researchers are encouraged to test the effective interventions in homogenous cancer populations and in other groups where fatigue is a common concern.

The Effect of Music on the Spirituality of Patients: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: Although some studies have suggested that music can positively affect physical and psychological variables, few have evaluated its effects on spirituality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of musical interventions on the spirituality of patients, regardless of diagnoses. METHOD: This was a systematic literature review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations conducted through a relevant search of terms in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and LILACS) without temporal delimitation. Experimental or quasi-experimental studies were included, involving participants regardless of diagnoses, to assess the effect of music on spirituality, either through musical intervention as music medicine or through music therapy. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. RESULTS: A total of 147 studies were identified; 7 met the inclusion criteria. Five studies were randomized controlled trials involving six music therapists leading the musical intervention with the active participation of patients. The interventions used were heterogeneous. Three studies were associated with improved spirituality after the intervention. Four studies used measurements to evaluate spiritual well-being. CONCLUSION: This review did not allow ascertaining the positive impact of music intervention on spirituality in patients, which motivates further research.

Fatigue and health related quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer.

PURPOSE: The study examined the different dimensions of fatigue (general, sleep/rest, cognitive), health related quality of life (HRQL) (physical, emotional, cognitive, social), and the relationships between fatigue and HRQL in hospitalized children and adolescents with cancer in Brazil. METHOD: Participants were recruited from a pediatric oncology inpatient unit in a comprehensive cancer care hospital in southeast Brazil. They completed the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and the PedsQL Inventory of Quality of Life (Generic and Cancer module) once during hospitalization. RESULTS: The majority (66.7%) of the participants (n = 38; mean age 12.1 ± 2.9 years) had total fatigue scores < 75 on 0 to 100 scale; with the mean total fatigue score of 63.8 ± 18.5. The majority (72.2% generic; 83.3% cancer modules) had total PedsQL scores < 75 on 0 to 100 scale. The mean PedsQL score on generic module (61.1 ± 17.0) was similar to the mean PedsQL score cancer module (59.1 ± 16.7). Significant correlations were found between total fatigue and quality of life generic (r = 0.63, p = 0.000) and cancer module (r = 0.74, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The study is the first to report fatigue and health related quality of life in hospitalized children and adolescents with cancer in Brazil. Similar to experiences of other children in the world, our findings indicate that children and adolescents with cancer had problems with fatigue that were associated with low HRQL. Future studies are recommended to examine interventions (exercise, leisurely activities) that may alleviate fatigue and improve HRQL in pediatric patients with cancer.

Measurement of fatigue in children and adolescents with cancer: an integrative review / Medición de la fatiga en niños y adolescentes con cáncer: revisión integrativa / Mensuração de fadiga em crianças e adolescentes com câncer: revisão integrativa

This study analyzed scientific production on the measurement of fatigue in children and adolescents with cancer, particularly the instruments used. Integrative review, searching in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, IBECS and COCHRANE, without any time restriction, using key words and descriptors in different combinations. The review sample comprised 21 references. The results composed two categories: instrument development and validation and fatigue measurement. American nurses developed most studies, between 2002 and 2011, using two scales. The studies assessed the children and adolescents' self-reports and the parents' reports. They also associated fatigue with sleep pattern, quality of life, depression, survival and dexamethasone use. The importance of research on this theme is evidenced, including studies that apply these instruments in practice. The gap in knowledge production on this theme is highlighted in the Brazilian context.

El estudio analizó la producción científica sobre medición de fatiga en niños y adolescentes con cáncer, con destaque en los instrumentos que fueron utilizados. Revisión integrativa, con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, IBECS y COCHRANE, sin restricción de período, utilizándose palabras-clave y descriptores, en varias combinaciones. La muestra incluyó 21 referencias. Los resultados compusieron dos categorías: Desarrollo y validación de instrumentos y Medición de la fatiga. La mayoría de los estudios fue desarrollada por enfermeros americanos, entre 2002 y 2011, utilizándose dos escalas. Los estudios evaluaron los auto-relatos de los niños y adolescentes y los relatos de los padres. También asociaron la fatiga con patrón de sueño, calidad de vida, depresión, sobrevida y uso de dexametasona. Se evidencia la importancia de estudios sobre esa temática, incluyendo la aplicación práctica de esos instrumentos. Se destaca el vacío en la producción de conocimiento en este tema en el contexto brasileño.

O estudo analisou a produção científica relativa à mensuração de fadiga em crianças e adolescentes com câncer, com destaque aos instrumentos utilizados. Revisão integrativa, com busca no PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINHAL, LILACS, SciELO, IBECS e COCHRANE, sem restrição de período, utilizando-se palavras-chave e descritores, em várias combinações. A amostra de revisão foi constituída de 21 referências. Os resultados compuseram duas categorias: desenvolvimento e validação de instrumentos e mensuração da fadiga. A maioria dos estudos foi desenvolvida por enfermeiros americanos, entre 2002 e 2011, utilizando-se duas escalas. Os estudos avaliaram os autorrelatos das crianças e adolescentes e relato dos pais. Eles também associaram a fadiga ao padrão de sono, qualidade de vida, depressão, sobrevida e uso de dexametasona. Evidencia-se a importância do desenvolvimento de estudos nessa temática, incluindo aqueles com aplicação desses instrumentos na prática. Salienta-se a lacuna na produção de conhecimento neste tema no contexto brasileiro.