Combination therapy of active hexose correlated compound plus UFT significantly reduces the metastasis of rat mammary adenocarcinoma.

Synergistic effects of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) extracted from mushroom on the treatment with UFT against mammary adenocarcinoma, SST-2 cells, in congenitally T cell-depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were observed. AHCC plus UFT had slight but significant effects on the growth of primary tumors. Pulmonary metastases were not inhibited by the treatment with AHCC plus UFT, whereas metastases to axillary lymph nodes (LN) were obviously inhibited. Combination of AHCC plus UFT showed similar synergistic anti-metastatic effects in SHR rats with accelerated pulmonary metastases following the surgical removal of the primary tumors. In vitro studies demonstrated that AHCC plus UFT enhanced the NK cell activity in tumor-bearing rats, whereas UFT alone depressed the NK cell activity. AHCC plus UFT also enhanced the NO production and cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages. In addition, AHCC restored the suppressed mRNA expression of interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced by the chemotherapy. Taken together, the combination of AHCC plus UFT brought about good therapeutic effects not only on primary tumor growth but also on reducing metastasis and these effects were mediated by host immunity which was restored or activated by AHCC. AHCC may be a good candidate for a biological response modifier.

Evaluation of antioxidant treatment with superoxide dismutase in rat liver transplantation after warm ischemia.

In order to investigate the effects of the exogenously administered radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the orthotopic liver graft, livers from male Wistar rats were transplanted after subjection to 40 min of warm ischemia and 30 min of storage at 4 degrees C. SOD was given at the onset of ischemia and before reperfusion as a supplement (6,000 IU) to the washout solutions. 30,000 IU were infused into the recipient. SOD reduced tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances at the end of ischemia (737 vs. 956 nmol/g; p < 0.01) and 60 min after the onset of reperfusion (629 vs. 947 nmol/g; p < 0.001) and preserved total adenine nucleotides after reperfusion (11.69 vs. 10.40 mumol/g; p < 0.01). Survival 2 weeks after transplantation was 18% (2/11) in the SOD group versus 10% (1/10; nonsignificant) in untreated animals. It is concluded that SOD protects the ischemically altered liver from radical mediated peroxidation and preserves hepatic energy stores upon reperfusion. However, in our model no major improvement in organ viability could by achieved.