Familial salivary gland insensitivity to aldosterone: a variant of pseudohypoaldosteronism.

Two male siblings presented in infancy with hyponatraemia. Levels of plasma renin activity and aldosterone were elevated. Sodium supplementation was necessary to maintain normal sodium balance. Urinary sodium concentration and renal epithelial exchange between sodium and potassium were normal; however, salivary sodium concentrations were markedly elevated with sweat sodium levels being in the upper normal range. Excess salivary sodium loss accounted for sodium depletion in these cases who present a new variant of pseudohypoaldosteronism associated with normal renal sodium transport.

Ginseng--is there a use in clinical medicine?

Panax ginseng occupies an important place among the tonic remedies of Oriental medicine. Pharmacological investigations show that crude ginsenosides can increase non-specific resistance of an organism to various untoward influences. The effects of purified derived derivatives have only recently become better studied in immunological and cell growth studies in animals and in man. This has now provided some evidence to suggest that ginseng is a drug that contains many derivatives with different pharmacological properties, which could be useful in clinical medicine.

Protein intake and plasma amino-acids of infants of low birth weight.

The plasma amino-acid levels in infants of low birth weight fed on expressed human milk and on a proprietary breast-milk substitute, S26, with a protein intake of not more than 4.5 g/kg/day were compared with those in infants fed on an evaporated milk formula whose protein intake ranged from 6.15 to 12.3 g/kg/day, as well as with normal infants on normal feeds and protein intake. In general, there was little difference between the levels in infants of low birth weight and in normal infants on the same protein intake. The five infants of low birth weight on high protein intake had generally higher levels of plasma amino-acids compared with the group on the lower protein intake, and in particular the levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine, and cystathionine could be extremely high. Apart from methionine these high levels may be the result both of a reduction in activity of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of these amino-acids, due to the immaturity of the infant, and of the increased stress of a high protein intake. In view of a possible long-term effect of abnormally high plasma amino-acid levels it is suggested that the protein intake of infants of low birth weight should not exceed 6 g/kg/day.